Maglev trains use magnetic levitation to float above the guideway and magnetic propulsion for movement. There are two main types - electromagnetic suspension (EMS) which uses electromagnets and electrodynamic suspension (EDS) which uses superconducting magnets. EMS systems can operate at lower speeds while EDS can reach over 500km/hr. Maglev trains have advantages over conventional trains like higher speeds, less maintenance, and better efficiency. However, their initial costs are very high. Existing operational maglev systems include the Shanghai Maglev Train and Linimo train in Japan.
Maglev trains are the fastest trains in the world! Maglev is short for magnetic levitation which basic principles involve the use of magnetism to levitate an object.
Maglev trains are the fastest trains in the world! Maglev is short for magnetic levitation which basic principles involve the use of magnetism to levitate an object.
Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation) is a transport method that uses magnetic levitation to move vehicles without touching the ground. With maglev, a vehicle travels along a guideway using magnets to create both lift and propulsion, thereby reducing friction and allowing higher speeds.Maglev trains move more smoothly and more quietly than
wheeled mass transit systems. They are relatively unaffected by
weather. The power needed for levitation is typically not a large percentage of its overall energy consumption;most goes to overcome air resistance (drag), as with other highspeed transport. Maglev trains hold the speed record for rail transportation
Maglev Trains- Train That Fly on the AirOnkar Pawar
Maglev is short for Magnetic Levitation in which trains float on a guide way using the principle of magnetic repulsion. Each magnet has two poles. Now if you play with two magnets, you'll realize that opposite poles attract, whereas similar poles repel. This repulsive property of magnets is used in Maglev trains. However, instead of using permanent magnets, the principle of electromagnetism is used to create strong and large temporary magnets. When an electric current is passed through a coil of wire, magnetic field is generated around the coil according to Faraday's laws.
Magnetic Levitation is a method by which we can levitated an object with no support, other than magnetic field.
since it is a old theory but there still research is going on in this topic.now it is used in maglev train,maglev bearing and product display purpose.
Magnetic levitation, Present and Future Usage.
Product Marketing, Bearing with infinite rpm, weightlessness, flying cars, low cost space launch and even the flying city.
Introduction to Maglev.
History
Types of Maglev suspension.
EMS
EDS
Concept of superconductivity.
Basic principle of Maglev.
Concept of super conducting magnet.
Gap sensor, Speed ,Noise pollution.
Advantages and Disadvantages.
Application
Future Projects in India.
Conclusion
Magnetic Levitation Train by Shaheen Galgali_seminar report finalshaheen galgali
Magnetic levitation is a highly advanced technology which uses the principle of Electromagnetic suspension & Electrodynamics suspension technology. It has various uses, The common point in all applications is the lack of contact and no friction. This increases efficiency, reduces maintenance costs, and increases the useful life of the system. Magnetic levitation is a technique to suspend an object without any support other than that of a magnetic field. There are already many countries that are attracted to maglev system. Many system have been proposed in different parts of the worlds. Maglev can be conveniently considered as a solution for the future needs of the world. This contribution deals with magnetic levitation. An overview of types, principles and working of magnetic levitation is given with the example by train are presented.
Maglev trains are the fastest trains in the world! Maglev is short for magnetic levitation which basic principles involve the use of magnetism to levitate an object.
Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation) is a transport method that uses magnetic levitation to move vehicles without touching the ground. With maglev, a vehicle travels along a guideway using magnets to create both lift and propulsion, thereby reducing friction and allowing higher speeds.Maglev trains move more smoothly and more quietly than
wheeled mass transit systems. They are relatively unaffected by
weather. The power needed for levitation is typically not a large percentage of its overall energy consumption;most goes to overcome air resistance (drag), as with other highspeed transport. Maglev trains hold the speed record for rail transportation
Maglev Trains- Train That Fly on the AirOnkar Pawar
Maglev is short for Magnetic Levitation in which trains float on a guide way using the principle of magnetic repulsion. Each magnet has two poles. Now if you play with two magnets, you'll realize that opposite poles attract, whereas similar poles repel. This repulsive property of magnets is used in Maglev trains. However, instead of using permanent magnets, the principle of electromagnetism is used to create strong and large temporary magnets. When an electric current is passed through a coil of wire, magnetic field is generated around the coil according to Faraday's laws.
Magnetic Levitation is a method by which we can levitated an object with no support, other than magnetic field.
since it is a old theory but there still research is going on in this topic.now it is used in maglev train,maglev bearing and product display purpose.
Magnetic levitation, Present and Future Usage.
Product Marketing, Bearing with infinite rpm, weightlessness, flying cars, low cost space launch and even the flying city.
Introduction to Maglev.
History
Types of Maglev suspension.
EMS
EDS
Concept of superconductivity.
Basic principle of Maglev.
Concept of super conducting magnet.
Gap sensor, Speed ,Noise pollution.
Advantages and Disadvantages.
Application
Future Projects in India.
Conclusion
Magnetic Levitation Train by Shaheen Galgali_seminar report finalshaheen galgali
Magnetic levitation is a highly advanced technology which uses the principle of Electromagnetic suspension & Electrodynamics suspension technology. It has various uses, The common point in all applications is the lack of contact and no friction. This increases efficiency, reduces maintenance costs, and increases the useful life of the system. Magnetic levitation is a technique to suspend an object without any support other than that of a magnetic field. There are already many countries that are attracted to maglev system. Many system have been proposed in different parts of the worlds. Maglev can be conveniently considered as a solution for the future needs of the world. This contribution deals with magnetic levitation. An overview of types, principles and working of magnetic levitation is given with the example by train are presented.
Maglev trains are the fastest trains in the world! Maglev is short for magnetic levitation which basic principles involve the use of magnetism to levitate an object.
На слайде растения, которые называются мятой в народе, но на самом деле ей не являются. Виды мяты ложной и истинной, их описания и применение смотри на сайте http://mirspets.ru
On the slide, the plant called mint among the people, but in fact it is not. Types mint false and true, their description and application to see http://mirspets.ru site
Математическое моделирование поведения морских гидротехнических объектов в ср...SAPR-Peterburg
Математическое моделирование поведения морских гидротехнических объектов в среде Anchored Structures
Доклад профессора кафедры «Водохозяйственное и гидротехническое строительство» Инженерно-строительного института, д.т.н. А.С. Большева
Before you attempt to hand wash your rug yourself, you should realize that it may be a better idea in the long run to take it to professionals for cleaning.
Maglev system represent a promising evolution in high-speed ground transportation, offering speed in excess of 500 mph along with the potential for low operating costs and minimum environmental impact. The goal of this effort is to investigate the feasibility and viability of maglev systems in the Japan. The emergence of a sophisticated technology such as maglev requires a need for a co-ordinated research test program and the determination of test requirement to identify mitigate development risk and maximum use of domestic resources. The study is directed towards the identification and characterization of maglev system development risks tied to preliminary system architecture. Research objective are accomplished by surveying experiences from previous maglev development program both foreign and domestic, and interviews with individuals involved with maglev research and testing.
*Please go through the data related to the presentation on given links:
This presentation mainly focuses on the technology and application of Maglev vehicles as a mean of transportation. Due to its low power consumption it also provides space for future research in efficient transportation.
References
www.faculty.rsu.edu/users/c/clayton/www/presson/paper.htm
www.academia.edu/589542/History_and_Development_of_Magnetic_Levitating_Trains
inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blrailroad3.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maglev
www.21stcenturysciencetech.com/articles/Summer03/maglev2.html
science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engines-equipment/maglev-train.htm
www.magnetbahnforum.de/index.php?Emile-Bachelet
Maglev trains are high speed trains that run on mangnets. The magnetic levitation, or floating of the train, is achieved through the use of an electrodynamic suspension system, or EDS.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. 1:-INTRODUCTION
1.1-INTRODUCTION
1.2-TECHNOLOGY AND TYPES
2:-WORKING PRINCIPLE
2.1- LEVITATION
2.2-PROPULSION
2.3-STABILITY
2.4-GUIDANCE
3:-EVACUATED TUBES AND POWER AND ENERGY
4:-COMPARISON WITH AIRCRAFT AND CONVENTIONAL
TRAINS
5:-ECONOMICS
6:-MERITS AND DEMERITS
7:-EXISTING MAGLEV SYSTEMS
8:-SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
9:-REFERENCE
3. Maglev is the system of transportation that uses
magnetic levitation to suspend ,guide and propel the
vehicles using magnets.
First described by Robert Goddard, American Rocket
Scientist, 1909 Scientific American.
Later in 1937 & 1941 a series of German patents for
maglev trains propelled by linear motors awarded to
Hermann Kemper .
In the 1960s in Britain Eric Laithwaite developed a
functional maglev train.
4. Uses monorail track with linear motor
Uses magnets to reach a really high velocity
Floats about 1-10cm above the guide way on a magnetic
field.
Propelled by the guide way
Once the train is pulled into the next section the
magnetism switches so that the train is pulled on again.
The Electro-magnets run the length of the guide way.
5. There are 2 notable types of maglev technology:-
•Electromagnetic suspension(EMS)
•Electrodynamics suspension(EDS)
6. Electromagnets attached to the train
Has ferromagnetic stators on the track
and levitate the train.
Has guidance magnets on the sides
A computer changes the amount of
current to keep the train 1 cm from the
track.
Max speed -438km/hr
Has on-board battery power supply.
7. Super cooled superconducting magnets
under the train. Levitate about 10 cm.
The field in the train due to superconducting
magnets(JR-Maglev) or an array of permanent
magnets(Induct rack).
The force in the track is created by induced
magnetic field in wires or conducting strips in
the track.
Naturally stable. Requires no feedback.
Requires retractable wheels at low speed , max speed – 522km/hr
8. In EDS , levitation coils levitate the train 10cm above the
track. Levitates when speed reaches 100km/hr
In EMS , stator & support magnet levitate the train 1cm
above the track. Levitates even when train is not moving.
9. EMS(Linimo) systems provide levitation & propulsion
using onboard linear motor.
EDS system and Trans rapid systems levitate using
onboard magnets & use propulsion coils for propulsion .
Cost of propulsion coils increase over long distances.
10. EMS system rely on active
electronic stabilisation..
All EDS systems are moving
systems.
Since these vehicles fly,
stabilisation of pitch , roll and
sway is required
In addition to rotation , surge ,
sway and or heave can be
problematic.
11. Some systems use Null Current system
In EDS when the vehicle is in straight line , no current flows ,
When it moves off the line this creates changing flux ,generating a
field that pushes and pulls it back to the line.
Some systems use coils that try to remain in the null flux point
between repulsive magnets and reduces eddy current losses.
12. This increases the
speed and efficiency
greatly .
But the passengers may
suffer from the risk of
cabin depressurization in
the event of a train
malfunction.
Hence require tunnel
monitoring system for
repressurization
13. Energy for maglev trains used to accelerate the train.
Also used to make the train levitate and to stabilise the
movement.
Main part of the energy used to overcome the air drag.
For very short distances the energy for accelerating is
considerable.
But the power used to overcome the air drag increases with
cube of velocity and hence dominates at high speed.
14. FEATURE MAGLEV TRAIN CONVENTIONAL
TRAIN
Speed Allow higher top
speeds since they
don’t rely on
wheels for
propulsion.
Speed is limited by
the use of wheels
for propulsion.
15. Maintenance Require insignificant
guide way
maintenance.
Their electronic vehicle
maintenance is minimal
Hence more reliable
Rail is subjected to wear &
tear due to friction
,increases exponentially
with speed.
This increases running cost.
All weather
operation
Unaffected by snow ,
severe cold , rain or
high winds.
Can accelerate &
decelerate regardless
of slickness of guide
way
May encounter problems
due to degradation of guide
way caused by weather
conditions.
Efficiency No rolling resistance
due to lack of contact
between track &
vehicle.
This improves power
Efficiency is affected by
rolling resistance due to the
contact with the track.
16. Weight Weight of magnets in
many EMS and EDS is
a serious issue.
Does not use magnets
Noise Major source of noise
is displaced air.
But they are found to
more annoying at
lower loudness
Though they produce
more loudness , they
are less annoying than
maglev noise , hence
have a 5-10 dB bonus
Design Comparisons Maglev design
eliminates the need
for braking and
overhead wires
Design includes
braking and overhead
wires causing wear
Control systems Requires no signalling
systems since the
speed is computer
control
Has a human operator
to slow down or stop
the train in time.
17. Many maglevs have lift-to-drag ratio that exceed that of
aircraft.
But jet transport aircraft take advantage of low air density
at high altitudes to reduce drag during cruise.
Airlines cannot come close to the reliability or
performance of maglev trains in all weather conditions.
Maglev fares are less susceptible to the volatile price
swings in oil markets.
Has significant safety margin as they are designed not to
crash into other.
18. The initial investment is similar to other high speed
rail roads. (Maglift is $20-$40 million per mile and I-279
in Pittsburg cost $37 million per mile 17 years ago.)
Operating expenses are half of that of other railroads.
A train is composed of sections that each contain 100
seats, and a train can have between 2 and 10 sections.
The linear generators produce electricity for the cabin
of the train.
19. TECHNOL
OGY
MERITS DEMERITS
EMS •Magnetic fields inside & outside the
vehicle are less than EDS.
•No wheels or secondary propulsion
required
•Can attain very high
speed.(500km/hr).
•Constant monitoring correction
of separation between vehicle &
guide way using computer
systems essential.
•Due to inherent instability and
corrections ,vibration issues may
occur.
EDS •Onboard magnets and large
separation enable highest recorded
speeds(581km/hr) and heavy load
capacity.
•Naturally stable and hence no
feedback control required.
•Strong magnetic field makes the
train inaccessible to passengers
with pacemakers or storage
media like hard drives and credit
cards.
•Vehicle must be wheeled for
low speed travel.
20. TECHNOLOGY MERITS DEMERITS
INDUCTRACK
SYSTEM
(PERMANENT
MAGNET EDS)
•Failsafe suspension-No power
required to activate magnets.
•Can generate enough force at
low speeds to levitate the train.
•The train can slow down on its
own in case of power failures.
•The array of permanent
magnets are cost effective than
electromagnets.
•Requires wheels
when the vehicle is
stopped
•New technology ,
still under
development , no
commercial version
or full scale system
prototype
21. TESTING TRACKS
120 m test track of General Atomics at San Diego , USA.
Tran rapid , a German maglev company has test track at Emsland ,
Germany of length 31.5km.
JR-Maglev , Japan has a test track that can reach a speed of
581km/hr.
22. IMPORTANT OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS
Linimo , Japan – commercially automated urban maglev
system commenced on March 2005.
Shanghai maglev train , China – EMS high speed system
started operation on April 2004.
HML 03 – The first EMS maglev opened to public at
Daejeon South Korea in 1993.
23. UNDER CONSTRUCTION
AMT Test Track – Powder Springs, Georgia
Applied levitation test track – California.
Beijing S1 line.
PROPOSED PLANS
Penang-Kuala Lampur-Singapore line -Malaysia
Melbourne Maglev Proposal
Mumbai – Delhi
Kochi metro
24. They consume less energy.
Require no engine.
Move faster than normal trains because they are not affected by
ground friction; their rights-of-way, meanwhile, cost about the
same to build.
Incompatible with existing rail lines, unlike traditional high-
speed rail.
Initial cost is very high.
25. • B. Ning, T. Tang, H. Dong, D. Wen, D. Liu, S. Gao, and J. Wang, “An introduction to
parallel control and management for high-speed railway systems,” IEEE Trans. Intell.
Transp. Syst., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1473– 1483, Dec. 2011
•R.S.He,Z.D.Zhong,B.Ai,J.Ding,Y.Yang,andA.F.Molisch,“Short-term fading behaviour in
high-speed railway cutting scenario: Measurements, analysis, and statistical models,”
IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 2209–2222, Apr. 2013
• S. Atev, G. Miller, and P. Papanikolopoulos, “Clustering of vehicle trajectories,”
IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 647–657,
Sep. 2010.
• www.wikipedia.org/maglev