This document provides an overview of magnetic levitation (Maglev) train technology. It discusses the basic principles of Maglev trains, including electromagnetic suspension (EMS) and electrodynamic suspension (EDS). EMS uses attractive forces while EDS uses repulsive forces for levitation. Maglev trains offer advantages like high speed, low noise and friction, and reduced pollution compared to traditional trains. Current Maglev projects exist in Germany and Japan, with future projects planned in India and other applications being explored by NASA and Boeing. The conclusion discusses how Maglev trains could provide a more efficient transportation alternative with lower maintenance costs.

1. MAGNETIC
LEVITATION
TRAIN

2. PLAN OF PRESENTATION
Introduction
Magnetic levitation
Type of magnetic trains
Electromagnetic suspension
Electrodynamics suspension
Basic Principle of Maglev Train
Advantage of maglev transportation system
Current projects
Applications
Conclusion
References

3. Maglev is the best alternative for means of transport.
Maglev runs on the principle of magnetic levitation.
Maglev is noiseless, friction less, and require low
maintenance.
The lack of friction allow maglev vehicle to travel at a speed over
482.80 km/hr
Electrified transport reduces pollution.
INTRODUCTION

4. MAGNETIC LEVITATION
Magnetic levitation is the use of magnetic fields to levitate a metallic object.
Manipulating magnetic fields and controlling their forces can levitate an object.
Using either Ferromagnetism or Diamagnetism object can be levitated.
A superconductor is perfectly diamagnetic and electromagnets can exhibit varying levels of ferromagnetism.
Most important application of Magnetic Levitation is Transrapid magnetic lift trains.

5. TYPES OF MAGLEV TRAIN
Based on the technique used for Levitation the are two types of Maglev trains: -
1. Electromagnetic suspension – Attractive
1. Electrodynamic Suspension - Repulsive

6. The electromagnets on the underside of the train pull it up
to the ferromagnetic stators on the track and levitate the train.
The magnets on the side keep the train from moving from side to
side.
ELECTROMAGNETIC SUSPENSION

7. Electrodynamic suspension is a form of magnetic levitation in
which there are superconductors which are exposed to time-varying
magnetic fields.
This induces eddy current in the conductor that creates a repulsive
Magnetic field which holds the two objects apart.
ELECTRODYNAMIC SUSPENSION

8. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF
MAGLEV TRAINS
Maglev trains have to perform the following
functions to operate in high speeds : -
Levitation
Propulsion
Lateral Guidance
Levitation

9. LEVITATION
In the EMS-attractive system, the electromagnets which do the work of levitation are attached on
the top side of casing that extends below and then curves back up to the rail that is in the center of
the track..
The rail, which Is in the shape of an invented T, is a ferromagnetic rail.
When a current is passed through it, and the electromagnet switched on, there is attraction, and the
levitation electromagnets, which are below the rail, raise up to meet the rail.

10. LATERAL GUIDANCE
When one side of the train nears the side of the guideway, the super conducting magnet on the train
induces a repulsive force from the levitation coils on the side closer to the train and an attractive
force from the coils on the farther side.
This keeps the train in the center. The levitation magnets and rail are both U shaped(with rail being
an inverted U).The mouths of U face one another.
When a current is passed through it, and the electromagnet switched on, there is attraction, and the
levitation electromagnets, which are below the rail, raise up to meet the rail.

11. PROPULSION
An alternating current is ran through electromagnet coils on the guide walls of the guide way. This
creates a magnetic field that attracts and repels the superconducting magnets on the train and
propels the train forward..
Braking is accomplished by sending an alternating current in the reverse direction so that it is
slowed by attractive and repulsive forces.
The system consists of aluminum three phase cable windings in the stator packs that are on the
guideway.
When a current is supplied to the windings, it creates a travelling alternating current that propels
The train forward by pushing and pulling.

12. SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
Superconductivity occurs in certain materials at very low temperatures.
When superconductivity, a material has an electrical resistance of exactly zero.
It is also characterized by a phenomenon called the Meissner effect. This is the ejection of any
Sufficiently weak magnetic field from the interior of the superconductor as it transitions into the
Superconducting state.

13. SUPER CONDUCTING MAGNET(SCM)
Each SCM 4 SC coils. The SCM features high reliability and high durability.
The cylindrical unit at the top is a tank holding liquefied helium and nitrogen.
The bottom unit is an SC coil alternately generating N poles and S poles.
An EDS system can provide both levitation and propulsion using an onboard linear motor.
EMS system can only levitate the train using the magnets onboard, not propel it forward.
Over long distance where the cost of propulsion coils could be prohibitive, a propeller or jet engine
could be used

15. PROS AND CONS OF DIFFERENT
TECHNOLOGIES
TECHNOLOGY PROS CONS
EMS
(Electro Magnetic Suspension)
Magnetic fields inside and outside the
vehicle are less than EDS; proven,
commercially available technology that
can attain very high speeds (500 km/h);
no wheels or secondary propulsion system
needed.
The separation between the vehicle
and the guideway must be constantly
monitored and corrected by computer
systems to avoid collision due to the
unstable nature of electromagnetic
attraction; due to the system's inherent
instability and the required constant
corrections by outside systems,
vibration issues may occur.

16. PROS AND CONS OF DIFFERENT
TECHNOLOGIES
TECHNOLOGY PROS CONS
EDS
(Electrodynamic
suspension)
Onboard magnets and large margin
between rail and train enable highest
recorded train speeds (581 km/h) and
heavy load capacity; has recently
demonstrated (December 2005) successful
operations using high temperature
superconductors in its onboard magnets,
cooled with inexpensive liquid nitrogen
Strong magnetic fields onboard the
train would make the train
inaccessible to passengers with
pacemakers or magnetic data storage
media such as hard drives and credit
cards, necessitating the use of
magnetic shielding; limitations on
guideway inductivity limit the
maximum speed of the vehicle;
vehicle must be wheeled for travel at
low speeds.

17. ADVANTAGES
Maglev uses 30% less energy than a high-speed train traveling at the same speed (1/3 more power
for the same amount of energy).
The operating costs of a maglev system are approximately half that of conventional long-distance
railroads.
Research has shown that the maglev is about 20 times safer than airplanes, 250 times safer than
conventional railroads, and 700 times safer than automobile travel.
Maglev vehicle carries no fuel to increase fire hazard
The materials used to construct maglev vehicles are noncombustible, poor penetration transmitters
of heat, and able to withstand fire

18. Currently operational systems include Trans rapid (Germany ) and
High Speed Surface Transport (Japan ). There are several other
projects under scrutiny such as the Swiss Metro, Seraphim and
Induct rack. All have to do with personal rapid transit.
Future Projects in India : Mumbai – Delhi , Mumbai – Nagpur,
Chennai Bangalore – Mysore
CURRENT PROJECTS

19. OTHER APPLICATIONS
NASA plans to use magnetic levitation for launching of space vehicles into low earth
orbit.
Boeing is pursuing research in Maglev to provide a Hypersonic Ground Test Facility
for the Air Force.
The mining industry will also benefit from Maglev.
There are probably many more undiscovered applications!

20. CONCLUSION
The Maglev Train: Research on this ‘dream train' has been going on for the last 30 odd
years in various parts of the world.
The chief advantages of this type of train are: Non-contact and non-wearing
propulsion, independent of friction, no mechanical components like wheel, axle.
Maintenance costs decrease.
The Maglev offers a cheap, efficient alternative to the current rail system. A country
like India could benefit very much if this were implemented here. Further possible
applications need to be explored.

21. REFERENCES
Mamoru Taniguchi, “High Speed Rail in Japan: A Review and Evaluation of Magnetic
Levitation Train,” working paper, April 2010.
Brandon Gilmore, Jeff Deely, “Magnetic Levitation Transportation by the use of
Electromagnets in Maglev Trains,” A11, paper- 3068, April 2013.
http://www.railserve.com/maglev.html
http://www.tech-faq.com/how-does-a-maglev-train-works.html

22. THANK YOU
SUBMITTED BY
Ashish Thapa
2017-333-019
ANY QUERIES?
SUBMITTED TO
Mr. Siddhartha Biswas