Maglev trains use electromagnetic force to levitate above the track and propel the train forward at high speeds without friction. They have the potential to reach speeds comparable to aircraft of 500 to 580 km/h. While maglev trains offer safety and efficiency advantages over conventional trains, their construction costs are very high. Recent government funding in countries like China and Japan support expanding maglev networks, but high costs remain a challenge for widespread adoption of the technology.

1. MAGLEV TRAIN
PRESENTED BY
GIRISH HARMUKH
M.Sc. ELECTRONICS

2. What is Maglev Train?
 In some ways trains can fly.
– Mag- Magnetic
– Lev- (Levitation- “Rising into the air”)Floats 1cm above the track
 Maglev- An electric train that magnetically levitates over a track and
can travel at high speeds.
 Magnetic levitation transport, or maglev, is a form of
transportation that suspends, guides and propels vehicles via
electromagnetic force. This method can be faster than wheeled mass
transit systems, potentially reaching velocities comparable to
turboprop and jet aircraft (500 to 580 km/h).

3. History
 In the 1960s in Britain Eric Laithwaite
developed a functional maglev train. His maglev
had 1.6 km of track and was in detail tested. His
research was stopped in 1973 because lack of
money and his progress was not enough. In the
1970s, Germany and Japan also began research
and after some failures both nations developed
mature technologies in the
1990’s……………………………………..

4. Superconductivity
Superconductivity occurs in certain materials at
very low temperatures.
When superconductive,a material has an
electrical resistance of exactly zero.
It is also characterised by a phenomenon called
the miessner effect.this is the ejection of any
sufficiently weeak magnetic field from interior
of the supereconductor as it transition into the
superconducting state.

5. Why is Maglev importance
 There are four type importance

6. Construction of Maglev Train
System consist of 4 major components
 Guide way
 Vehicle
 Power supply
 Track

7. Guideway
 The guideway guides the
direction of the train’s
movement and bears the load
of the train.
 The superstructure of the
guideway comprises precisely
welded steel or reinforced
concrete guide way beams for
connecting long stators and
substructure constituted by the
reinforced concrete piers and
foundations.
Maglev train guidewayMaglev train guidewayMaglev train guideway
Maglev train guideway

8. Vehicle
 Vehicle is the most important part of high speed maglev
system comprising levitation chassis and the magnets
mounted on the chassis, secondary suspension system and
vehicle section. Besides it includes such electrical
appliances as on-board batteries, emergency breaking
system and levitation control system.
Power Supply
Power supply includes: substations, track side feeder
cables switch stations and other power supply equipment.

9. Track
 The track along which the train moves is called the guide way. Both
the guide way as well as the train’s undercarriage also have magnets
which repel each other. Thus the train is said to levitate about 0.39
inches on top of the guide way. After the levitation is complete,
enough power has to be produced so as to move the train through the
guide way. This power is given to the coils within the guide way,
which in turn produces magnetic fields, which pulls and pushes the
train through the guide way.

10. How Transrapid work
Support System
• The electromagnets on the
underside of the train pull it
up to the ferromagnetic
stators on the track and
levitate the train.
• The magnets on the side
keep the train from moving
from side to side.
• A computer changes the
amount of current to keep
the train 1 cm from the track.
This means there is no friction
between the train and the track!

11. Lavitation system’s power supply
 Batteries on the train power the system, and therefore it
still functions without propulsion.
 The batteries can levitate the train for 30 minutes without
any additional energy.
 Linear generators in the magnets on board the train use
the motion of the train to recharge the batteries.
 Levitation system uses less power than the trains air
conditioning.

12. Propulsion system
 No connection with track
 Linear Synchronous Motor used
 AC current in windings in the guideway
 Speed in controlled by frequency of the AC power
 High efficiency because only the section of track that the train is on
needs current

13. A Better Design
 James Powell, and Gordon Danby invented the “Null-
Flux” system
 When the vehicle is at the symmetry point of the
loop, the net magnetic flux through the loop circuit
is zero

14. How does it work?
 A maglev train floats about 10mm above the
guidway on a magnetic field
 It is propelled by the guidway itself rather than
an onboard engine by changing magnetic fields
 Once the train is pulled into the next section the
magnetism switches so that the train is pulled on
again.
 The Electro-magnets run the length of the
guideway.

15. Working System
There are two particularly notable types of maglev
technology:
 For electromagnetic suspension (EMS), electromagnets
in the train attract it to a magnetically conductive (usually
steel) track.
 Electrodynamic suspension (EDS) uses electromagnets
on both track and train to push the train away from the
rail.

16. EMS
 In current electromagnetic suspension (EMS) systems,
the train levitates above a steel rail while electromagnets,
attached to the train, are oriented toward the rail from
below. The system is typically arranged on a series of C-
shaped arms, with the upper portion of the arm attached
to the vehicle, and the lower inside edge containing the
magnets. The rail is situated between the upper and lower
edges.

17. EDS
In electrodynamic suspension
(EDS), both the rail and the
train exert a magnetic field, and
the train is levitated by the
repulsive force between these
magnetic fields. The magnetic
field in the train is produced by
either electromagnets or by an
array of permanent magnets.
The repulsive force in the track
is created by an induced
magnetic field in wires or other
conducting strips in the track.

18. Advantages
 The German Transrapid is about 20 times safer hen
airplanes
 250 times safer than conventional
 Speeds up to 500 km/h.
 700 times safer than automobile travel
 A accident between two maglev trains is nearly
impossible because the linear induction motors prevent
trains running in opposite directions.
 The Maglev train doesn’t contaminate a lot.
 It doesn’t need any kind of fuel.
 It doesn’t send out any CO2.

19. Disadvantages
 The initial cost of MAGLEV trains are highly costly. The
guide paths are also supposed to be more costly than
conventional steel railways.
 friction. Thus the energy efficiency difference between a
MAGLEV train and a conventional train is of very small
margin.

20. PROGRESS PLAN
The news last week that the U.S. govt. would distribute 90
millIon in grants for maglev planning.
Executives at the central japan railway company have a huge
Ambition to connect tokyo and osaka in one hour with a new
300 mph maglev system.
The first phase of the project could open by 2025 between
Tokyo and nagoya, but this segment alone would cost more
Than 50 billion to build

21. MAGLEV VS.
CONVENTIONAL TRAINS
MAGLEV TRAINS CONVENTIONAL TRAINS
No frictin = low maintenance Routine maintenance needed
No Engine = No fuel required Engine requires fossil fuels
Speed in excess of 300 mph Speed up to 110 mph

22. Summary
 Maglev trains use magnets to levitate and
propel the trains forward.
 Since there is no friction these trains can
reach high speeds.
 It is a safe and efficient way to travel.
 Governments have mixed feelings about
the technology. Some countries, like
China, have embraced it and others like
Germany have balked at the expense.

24. THANK YOU