The document summarizes the history and development of maglev trains. It discusses how the first ideas for an electromagnetic levitation train were conceived in 1922 in Germany. The first full-scale functioning maglev train was built in 1969 by a government research project. In the late 1980s and 1990s, the Transrapid 07 maglev train was developed and set speed records, traveling over 248,000 miles by 1996. The document also describes the basic principles and differences between electromagnetic suspension (EMS) and electrodynamic suspension (EDS) systems for maglev trains.

3. In 1922 a German engineer named Hermann Kemper
recorded his first ideas for an electromagnetic levitation train.
He received a patent in 1934 and one year later demonstrated
the first functioning model. It wasn't until 1969, however, that a
government-sponsored research project built the first full scale
functioning Transrapid 01. The first passenger Maglev followed
a few years later and carried people a few thousand feet at
speeds up to 50 mph
it became possible to build the next generation vehicle
Transrapid 07, built by the Thyssen Co. in Kassel. Since 1989,
the Transrapid 07 has been the workhorse reaching the record
speed of 280 mph and traveling some some 248,000 miles by
the end of 1996

4. WHAT IS MEANT BY MAGLEV?WHAT IS MEANT BY MAGLEV?
 Any thing which may
levitate(raise or float) by means
of a magnetic power is simply
called as magnetic levitation.
Maglev=Magnetic + Levitation.
“DRIVING WITHOUT WHEELS, FLYING WITHOUT WINGS”

5. Maglev trains have to perform the following functions to operate in
high speeds
1.Levitation 2.Propulsion 3.Lateral Guidance

6. Sde 6
Propulsion
LevitationLateral
guidance
Principle of operation is independent on each other.
To propel the vehicle, there shold be some lift
It ie done in order to avoid friction

7. Types of Maglev Trains
Based on the techniques used for Levitation

8. Electrodynamic Suspension uses Superconductors
for levitation, propulsion and lateral guidance
Electrodynamic suspension (EDS) uses electromagnets on
both track and train to push the train away from the rail.
In electrodynamic suspension (EDS), both the rail and the train exert a
magnetic field, and the train is levitated by the repulsive force
between these magnetic fields. The magnetic field in the train is
produced by either electromagnets (as in JR-Maglev) or by an array of
permanent magnets (as in Inductrack). The repulsive force in the track
is created by an induced magnetic field in wires or other conducting
strips in the track

9. 2.PRINCIPLE OF PROPULSION IN EDS SYSTEM:
The propulsion coils located on the sidewalls on both sides of
the guideway are energized by a three-phase alternating
current from a substation, creating a shifting magnetic field
on the guideway
3.PRINCIPLE OF LATERAL GUIDENCE IN EDS SYSTEM:
When one side of the train nears the side of the guideway,
the super conducting magnet on the train induces a
repulsive force from the levitation coils on the side closer to
the train and an attractive force from the coils on the farther
side,This keeps the train in the center.
1.PRINCIPLE OF LEVITATION IN EDS SYSTEM:
IN EDS SYSTEM “LEVITATION BY REPULSION” may takes
place.
The current in the top circuit travels in the opposite direction of the
current in the bottom; resulting in an repulsion between the two coils

10. ELECTROMAGNETIC SUSPENSION USES
ELECTROMAGNETS TO LEVITATE THE
TRAIN.
For electromagnetic suspension (EMS), electromagnets in the train
attract it to a magnetically conductive (usually steel) track.
which is in the shape of an inverted T, is a ferromagnetic rail.
When a current is passed through it, and the electromagnet
switched on, there is attraction, and the levitation
electromagnets, which are below the rail, raise up to meet
the rail

11. 1. PRINCIPLE OF LEVITATION IN EMS SYSTEM
IN EMS SYSTEM “LEVITATION BY ATTRACTION “ may takes place.
Attraction is caused by having the currents within each of the circuits traveling
in the same direction. It is important to note that with attractive forces
created between the train and the track.
The propulsion of the train is mainly based on two types of
motors:
Linear Electric Motor (LEM) and,
Linear Induction Motor (LIM)
 The levitation magnets and rail are both U shaped(with rail
being an inverted U). The mouths of U face one another.
 electromagnetic system only hovers at 1-2cm above the
track
 For electromagnetic suspension (EMS), electromagnets in
the train attract it to a magnetically conductive (usually
steel) track
2.PRINCIPLE OF PROPULSION IN EMS SYSTEM:
3.PRINCIPLE OF LATERAL GUIDENCE IN EMS
SYSTEM:

12. S.
N
EDS S.
N
EMS
1 Conduct electricity even
after power supply
failure
1 Required constant power
supply
2 Levitate about 4” above
guideway
2 Levitate about 3/8” above
guideway
3 Cannot levitate at rest
required about 100 kph
speed
3 Levitate at rest also
4 Wheel advantageous
during power failure or
4 System equipped with
emergency power supply

13. the United States has been developing a newer style of Maglev
called the Inductrack, which is similar to the EDS system. This
system is being developed by Dr. Richard Post
. The major difference between the Inductrack and the
Electrodymanic System is the use of permanent magnets rather
than superconducting magnets.
This system uses an “arrangement of powerful permanent magnets,
known as a Halbach array, to create the levitating force
A major benefit of this track is that
even if a power failure occurs, the
train can continue to levitate
because of the use of permanent
magnets.

16. WHY MAGLEV
Maglev uses 30% less energy than a high-speed train traveling at the same speed (1/3 more
power for the same amount of energy).
*The operating costs of a maglev system are approximately half that of conventional long-distance
railroads.
*Research has shown that the maglev is about 20 times safer than airplanes, 250 times safer than
conventional railroads, and 700 times safer than automobile travel.
*Despite the speeds up to 500 km/hour, passengers can move about freely in the vehicles at all
times.
*Maglev vehicle carries no fuel to increase fire hazard
*The materials used to construct maglev vehicles are non-combustible, poor transmitters of heat,
and able to withstand fire penetration.

19. ✦ It doesn't have moving parts as conventional trains do, and therefore, the wear and tear of
parts is minimal, and that reduces the maintenance cost by a significant extent.
✦ More importantly, there is no physical contact between the train and track, so there is no
rolling resistance. While electromagnetic drag and air friction do exist, that doesn't hinder
their ability to clock a speed in excess of 200 mph.
✦ Absence of wheels also comes as a boon, as you don't have to deal with deafening noise
that is likely to come with them.
✦ Maglevs also boast of being environment friendly, as they don't resort to internal
combustion engines.
✦ These trains are weather proof, which means rain, snow, or severe cold don't really hamper
their performance.
✦ Experts are of the opinion that these trains are a lot safe than their conventional
counterparts as they are equipped with state-of-the-art safety systems, which can keep things
in control even when the train is cruising at a high speed.

20. “
”
• The high cost incurred on the initial setup. While the fast conventional
trains that have been introduced of late, work fine on tracks which
were meant for slow trains, maglev trains require an all new set up
right from the scratch.
• As the present railway infrastructure is of no use for maglevs, it will
either have to be replaced with the Maglev System or an entirely new
set up will have to be created―both of which will cost a decent
amount in terms of initial investment.
• Even though inexpensive as compared to EDS, it is still expensive
compared to other modes.

22. Sde 22
Germany and Japan have been the pioneering countries in MagLev research. Currently
operational systems include Transrapid (Germany) and High Speed Surface Transport (Japan).
There are several other projects under scrutiny such as the SwissMetro, Seraphim and Inductrack.
All have to do with personal rapid transit.

23. The MagLev Train: Research on this ‘dream train’ has been going on for the last 30
odd years in various parts of the world.
Maglev still remain dream for developing country like India as it requires very high
initial investment.
Maglev provide a fast, safe & efficient means of transpiration.
Maglev deploy electricity electromagnet in an efficient manner rather than using
coal, gas , oil as a fuel sources.
It has ben tested successfully.

24. THANK YOU
Slide 24
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