Magnetic levitation uses magnetic fields to levitate objects without physical contact. There are two main types of maglev trains - electromagnetic suspension (EMS) and electrodynamic suspension (EDS). EMS uses electromagnets attached to the train to attract it to the track, while EDS uses superconducting magnets on the train repelled by magnets in the track for levitation and propulsion. Maglev trains offer several advantages over conventional trains, including higher speeds, less energy usage, lower operating costs, and greater safety. Current operational maglev systems include Transrapid and the Japanese high-speed line, while future applications may include space vehicle launch and hypersonic aircraft ground testing.
Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation) is a transport method that uses magnetic levitation to move vehicles without touching the ground. With maglev, a vehicle travels along a guideway using magnets to create both lift and propulsion, thereby reducing friction and allowing higher speeds.Maglev trains move more smoothly and more quietly than
wheeled mass transit systems. They are relatively unaffected by
weather. The power needed for levitation is typically not a large percentage of its overall energy consumption;most goes to overcome air resistance (drag), as with other highspeed transport. Maglev trains hold the speed record for rail transportation
Maglev trains are the fastest trains in the world! Maglev is short for magnetic levitation which basic principles involve the use of magnetism to levitate an object.
Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation) is a transport method that uses magnetic levitation to move vehicles without touching the ground. With maglev, a vehicle travels along a guideway using magnets to create both lift and propulsion, thereby reducing friction and allowing higher speeds.Maglev trains move more smoothly and more quietly than
wheeled mass transit systems. They are relatively unaffected by
weather. The power needed for levitation is typically not a large percentage of its overall energy consumption;most goes to overcome air resistance (drag), as with other highspeed transport. Maglev trains hold the speed record for rail transportation
Maglev trains are the fastest trains in the world! Maglev is short for magnetic levitation which basic principles involve the use of magnetism to levitate an object.
Magnetic Levitation is a method by which we can levitated an object with no support, other than magnetic field.
since it is a old theory but there still research is going on in this topic.now it is used in maglev train,maglev bearing and product display purpose.
Maglev Trains- Train That Fly on the AirOnkar Pawar
Maglev is short for Magnetic Levitation in which trains float on a guide way using the principle of magnetic repulsion. Each magnet has two poles. Now if you play with two magnets, you'll realize that opposite poles attract, whereas similar poles repel. This repulsive property of magnets is used in Maglev trains. However, instead of using permanent magnets, the principle of electromagnetism is used to create strong and large temporary magnets. When an electric current is passed through a coil of wire, magnetic field is generated around the coil according to Faraday's laws.
Magnetic levitation, Present and Future Usage.
Product Marketing, Bearing with infinite rpm, weightlessness, flying cars, low cost space launch and even the flying city.
Magnetic Levitation Train by Shaheen Galgali_seminar report finalshaheen galgali
Magnetic levitation is a highly advanced technology which uses the principle of Electromagnetic suspension & Electrodynamics suspension technology. It has various uses, The common point in all applications is the lack of contact and no friction. This increases efficiency, reduces maintenance costs, and increases the useful life of the system. Magnetic levitation is a technique to suspend an object without any support other than that of a magnetic field. There are already many countries that are attracted to maglev system. Many system have been proposed in different parts of the worlds. Maglev can be conveniently considered as a solution for the future needs of the world. This contribution deals with magnetic levitation. An overview of types, principles and working of magnetic levitation is given with the example by train are presented.
Magnetic Levitation is a method by which we can levitated an object with no support, other than magnetic field.
since it is a old theory but there still research is going on in this topic.now it is used in maglev train,maglev bearing and product display purpose.
Maglev Trains- Train That Fly on the AirOnkar Pawar
Maglev is short for Magnetic Levitation in which trains float on a guide way using the principle of magnetic repulsion. Each magnet has two poles. Now if you play with two magnets, you'll realize that opposite poles attract, whereas similar poles repel. This repulsive property of magnets is used in Maglev trains. However, instead of using permanent magnets, the principle of electromagnetism is used to create strong and large temporary magnets. When an electric current is passed through a coil of wire, magnetic field is generated around the coil according to Faraday's laws.
Magnetic levitation, Present and Future Usage.
Product Marketing, Bearing with infinite rpm, weightlessness, flying cars, low cost space launch and even the flying city.
Magnetic Levitation Train by Shaheen Galgali_seminar report finalshaheen galgali
Magnetic levitation is a highly advanced technology which uses the principle of Electromagnetic suspension & Electrodynamics suspension technology. It has various uses, The common point in all applications is the lack of contact and no friction. This increases efficiency, reduces maintenance costs, and increases the useful life of the system. Magnetic levitation is a technique to suspend an object without any support other than that of a magnetic field. There are already many countries that are attracted to maglev system. Many system have been proposed in different parts of the worlds. Maglev can be conveniently considered as a solution for the future needs of the world. This contribution deals with magnetic levitation. An overview of types, principles and working of magnetic levitation is given with the example by train are presented.
Brief Description regarding magnetic levitation or magnetic suspension.It is a method by which an object is suspended with no support other than magnetic fields.
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
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Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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2. Magnetic Leviation
Magnetic levitation is the use of magnetic fields to levitate a
(usually) metallic object.
Manipulating magnetic fields and controlling their forces can
levitate an object.
Using either Ferromagnetism or Diamagnetisim object can be
leviated.
A superconductor is perfectly diamagnetic and electromagnets
can exhibit varying levels of ferromagnetism
Most imoportant application of Magnetic Leviation is
Transrapid magnetic lift trains.
3. Basic Principle of Maglev Trains
Maglev trains have to perform the following functions to
operate in high speeds
1.Leviation
2.Propulsion
3.Lateral Guidance
4. Types of Maglev Trains
Based on the technique used for Leviation the are two types of
Maglev trains
1. Electromagnetic Suspension -Attractive
2. Electrodynamic Suspension -repulsive
6. Principle of Magnetic Leviation
In the EMS-attractive system, the electromagnets which do
the work of levitation are attached on the top side of a casing
that extends below and then curves back up to the rail that is
in the center of the track.
7. The rail, which is in the shape of an inverted T, is a
ferromagnetic rail.
When a current is passed through it, and the
electromagnet switched on, there is attraction, and the
levitation electromagnets, which are below the rail, raise
up to meet the rail. The car levitates.
9. Principle of Propulsion
A linear electric motor (LEM) is a mechanism which converts electrical
energy directly into linear motion without employing any intervening rotary
components
Linear Induction Motor (LIM) is basically a rotating squirrel cage induction
motor opened out flat
Instead of producing rotary torque from a cylindrical machine it produces
linear force from a flat one.
LIM thrusts vary from just a few to thousands of Newtons , depending
mainly on the size and rating
Speeds vary from zero to many meters per second and are determined by
design and supply frequency
11. Gap Sensor
The attractive force is controlled by a gap sensor that measures the
distance between the rails and electromagnets.
12. Principle of Lateral Guidance
The levitation magnets and rail are both
U shaped(with rail being an inverted U).
The mouths of U face one another.
This configuration ensures that when ever a levitational force
is exerted, a lateral guidance force occurs as well.
If the electromagnet starts to shift laterally from the center of
the rail, the lateral guidance force is exerted in proportion to
the extent of the shift, bringing the electromagnet back into
alignment.
14. Superconductivity
Superconductivity occurs in certain materials at very low
temperatures.
When superconductive, a material has an electrical resistance
of exactly zero.
It is also characterized by a phenomenon called the Miessner
effect. This is the ejection of any sufficiently weak magnetic
field from the interior of the superconductor as it transitions
into the superconducting state.
15. •The passing of the superconducting magnets by figure eight
levitation coils on the side of the tract induces a current in the
coils and creates a magnetic field. This pushes the train upward
so that it can levitate 10 cm above the track.
•The train does not levitate until it reaches 50 mph, so it is
equipped with retractable wheels.
PRINCIPLE OF MAGNET
LEVITATION
16. •The propulsion coils located on the sidewalls on both sides of the
guideway are energized by a three-phase alternating current from
a substation, creating a shifting magnetic field on the guideway.
•The on-board superconducting magnets are attracted and pushed
by the shifting field, propelling the Maglev vehicle.
•Braking is accomplished by sending an alternating current in the
reverse direction so that it is slowed by attractive and repulsive
forces.
PRINCIPLE OF PROPULSION
17. •When one side of the train nears the side of the guideway, the
super conducting magnet on the train induces a repulsive force
from the levitation coils on the side closer to the train and an
attractive force from the coils on the farther side.
•This keeps the train in the center.
PRINCIPLE OF LATERAL
GUIDANCE
18. The SCM (Super Conducting Magnet)
Each SCM contains 4 SC coils. The SCM features high
reliability and high durability.
The cylindrical unit at the top is a tank holding liquefied helium
and nitrogen.
The bottom unit is an SC coil alternately generating N poles
and S poles.
19. An EDS system can provide both levitation and propulsion
using an onboard linear motor.
EMS systems can only levitate the train using the magnets
onboard, not propel it forward.
21. Pros and Cons of Different Technologies
TECHNOLOGY PROS CONS
EMS
(Electromagnetic
suspension)
Magnetic fields inside and
outside the vehicle are less
than EDS; proven,
commercially available
technology that can attain
very high speeds
(500 km/h); no wheels or
secondary propulsion
system needed
The separation between
the vehicle and the
guideway must be
constantly monitored and
corrected by computer
systems to avoid collision
due to the unstable nature
of electromagnetic
attraction; due to the
system's inherent instability
and the required constant
corrections by outside
systems, vibration issues
may occur.
22. TECHNOLOGY PROS CONS
EDS
(Electrodynamic
suspension)
Onboard magnets and
large margin between rail
and train enable highest
recorded train speeds
(581 km/h) and heavy load
capacity; has recently
demonstrated (December
2005) successful
operations using high
temperature
superconductors in its
onboard magnets, cooled
with inexpensive liquid
nitrogen
Strong magnetic fields
onboard the train would
make the train inaccessible
to passengers with
pacemakers or magnetic
data storage media such as
hard drives and credit
cards, necessitating the
use of magnetic shielding;
limitations on guideway
inductivity limit the
maximum speed of the
vehicle; vehicle must be
wheeled for travel at low
speeds.
23. Advantages of Magnetic
Levitated Transportation System
Maglev uses 30% less energy than a high-speed train traveling at
the same speed (1/3 more power for the same amount of energy).
The operating costs of a maglev system are approximately half
that of conventional long-distance railroads.
Research has shown that the maglev is about 20 times safer than
airplanes, 250 times safer than conventional railroads, and 700
times safer than automobile travel.
Maglev vehicle carries no fuel to increase fire hazard
The materials used to construct maglev vehicles are non-
combustible, poor penetration transmitters of heat, and able to
withstand fire.
24. Current Projects
Currently operational systems include Transrapid (Germany )
and High Speed Surface Transport (Japan ). There are
several other projects under scrutiny such as the Swiss
Metro, Seraphim and Inductrack. All have to do with personal
rapid transit
Germany and Japan have been the pioneering countries in
Maglev research
25. Other Applications
NASA plans to use magnetic levitation for launching of space
vehicles into low earth orbit.
Boeing is pursuing research in MagLev to provide a
Hypersonic Ground Test Facility for the Air Force.
The mining industry will also benefit from MagLev.
There are probably many more undiscovered applications!
26. Conclusion
The MagLev Train: Research on this ‘dream train' has been
going on for the last 30 odd years in various parts of the world.
The chief advantages of this type of train are:
Non-contact and non-wearing propulsion, independent of
friction, no mechanical components like wheel, axle.
Maintenance costs decrease
The MagLev offers a cheap, efficient alternative to the current
rail system. A country like India could benefit very much if this
were implemented here. Further possible applications need to
be explored.