This document discusses magnetic levitation (maglev) trains. It explains that maglev trains use magnets to both levitate above the track and propel the train forward, eliminating friction. Superconducting magnets on the train interact with electromagnets in the track to provide levitation and propulsion via repulsion and attraction. The train is guided laterally and its height is regulated by control systems. Maglev trains can reach high speeds safely and efficiently with minimal energy usage, but the technology is expensive and not all governments have embraced it. The document also discusses potential future applications of maglev technology in space propulsion to help launch vehicles.

3. Magnetic Flux Lines
• All magnetic objects
produce invisible lines
of force that extend
between the poles.

4. Meissner Effect/Perfect Diamagnetism
• Magnetic field lines
penetrate most objects.
• However, below their Tc
and Hc , superconducting
materials exclude field
lines (flux).

7. Crystal Lattice
• There are often
imperfections in the
superconductor’s lattice
structure.
• YBCO crystal lattice structure

9. How Maglev Works
Support System
•The electromagnets on the underside of the train
pull it up to the ferromagnetic stators on the track
and levitate the train.
•The magnets on the side keep the train from moving
from side to side.
•A computer changes the amount of current to keep
the train 1 cm from the track.
Maglev is short for magnetic levitation, which means that these trains will float
over a guideway using the basic principles of magnets to replace the old steel
wheel and track trains.

10. This means there is no friction
between the train and the
track!

11. There are three components to this system:
A large electrical power source
Metal coils lining a guideway or track
Large guidance magnets attached to the underside of the train
Transrapid 09 at the Emsland test facility in Germany

12. Levitation System’s Power Supply
• . Electromagnets are similar to other magnets in
that they attract metal objects, but the magnetic
pull is temporary.
• The batteries can levitate the train for 30
minutes without any additional energy.
• Linear generators in the magnets on board the
train use the motion of the train to recharge the
batteries.
• Levitation system uses less power than the trains
air conditioning.

13. Propulsion System
•The system consists of
aluminum three-phase cable
windings in the stator packs
that are on the guideway
•When a current is supplied to
the windings, it creates a
traveling alternating current
that propels the train forward
by pushing and pulling.

14. •When the alternating current is reversed, the train brakes.
•Different speeds are achieved by varying the intensity of the
current.
•Only the section of track where the train is traveling is
electrified.
.

15. How it Works
Type of Magnet Uses
•This train uses superconducting electric magnets
in the vehicle to levitate and propel the train.
These magnets are cooled by liquid helium or liquid
nitrogen. This means that once electrified these
magnets do not require additional energy.

16. Propulsion
•An alternating current is ran through electromagnet coils on the
guide walls of the guide way. This creates a magnetic field that
attracts and repels the superconducting magnets on the train and
propels the train forward.
•Braking is accomplished by sending an alternating current in the
reverse direction so that it is slowed by attractive and repulsive
forces.

17. Levitation
•The passing of the superconducting magnets by figure eight
levitation coils on the side of the tract induces a current in the
coils and creates a magnetic field. This pushes the train upward
so that it can levitate 10 cm above the track.
•The train does not levitate until it reaches 50 mph, so it is
equipped with retractable wheels.

18. Lateral Guidance
•When one side of the train nears the side of the guideway, the
super conducting magnet on the train induces a repulsive force
from the levitation coils on the side closer to the train and an
attractive force from the coils on the farther side. This keeps
the train in the center.

19. Summary
• Maglev trains use magnets to levitate and propel the trains
forward.
• Since there is no friction these trains can reach high speeds.
• It is a safe and efficient way to travel.
• Governments have mixed feelings about the technology.
Some countries, like China, have embraced it and others like
Germany have balked at the expense.

20. III . The Future

21. Maglev Trains
• Room temperature superconducting
magnets
• Generating energy at faster speeds using
less energy at lower cost

22. NASA
• Maglev technology
could give space
vehicles a “running
start” to break from
Earth’s gravity.

23. Maglev Space Propulsion
• Launching systems
would use magnetic
fields to levitate and
accelerate a vehicle
along a track .
• Reaching the end of
the track, the vehicle
could switch to more
conventional rocket
engines.

24. Advantages….
• High speed..
• Low friction
• No pollution
• Maglev systems are energy efficient
• avoid excessive vibrations

25. Aman Anand
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