M010527678
•
0 likes•157 views
This document describes a microcontroller-based touch switch system using an ATMega8 microcontroller chip. The system allows multiple touch switches to be added digitally and at low cost compared to analog switches. When a touch point is pressed, the microcontroller detects the input signal, turns on the load by controlling a relay, and when pressed again turns off the load. The system provides a safe and reliable switching method that can be used for household applications and to control loads from a distance.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Remote Controlled Home Appliance
Remote Controlled Home Appliance is a microcontroller based wireless system. we choose infrared to design the remote control system for home appliances for our project. Here we used IR Transmitter (Commonly Used remotes for home appliances) and IR Sensor Modules The major aim of this project is to deliver the technology of modern world in our country at low price to general people. The overall performance of the power supply (PS) is excellent as a constant supply to drive any small load
Remote control for home appliances
This circuit allows remote control of home appliances like lamps or fans using an IR TSOP1738 sensor and CD4017 decade counter IC. The IR signal from the remote is received by the TSOP1738 and amplified by a transistor before being fed to the CD4017 IC. The CD4017 switches between red and green LEDs to indicate appliance power state and uses another transistor to drive a relay that physically turns the appliance on or off by connecting it to the main power supply. The circuit can be operated remotely from up to 10 meters away.
CONTROLLING HOME APPLIANCES USING REMOTE(1)
This document describes a home appliance control system that allows appliances to be controlled remotely using a TV remote. It consists of an IR receiver that receives signals from the remote and decodes the RC5 protocol. A microcontroller then determines which appliance is being controlled and sends signals to a relay driver IC to operate the appropriate relay and control appliances like lights and fans. The system provides remote control of appliances up to 10 meters away, allows easy control and monitoring, reduces human effort, and saves time and energy.
Controlling home appliances using remote (2)
This document describes a circuit designed to control home or industrial appliances using a remote control. The circuit uses an IR receiver module to detect signals from the remote and a NE555 timer IC to trigger a relay that switches an appliance on or off. When a remote button is pressed, the IR receiver detects the 38kHz IR signal and activates the timer IC, toggling the relay and appliance power. This allows controlling appliances from up to 10 meters away, reducing effort and saving time compared to manual switching. Potential applications include industrial equipment and home devices.
TV Remote control Home Appliances using Arduino(Infrared)
TV Remote control Home Appliances using Arduino(Infrared).
This is a B.tech project.Hope some one may find some use.
REMOTE CONTROL FOR FAN SLIDE SHARE
The document describes the circuit design and working of a remote control for ceiling fans. It contains a transmitter unit with a 555 timer and IR LEDs that transmit signals and a receiver unit with a photodiode, op-amp and 4018 counter integrated circuit. The receiver converts the infrared signals into electrical pulses that control a relay and change the fan speed. Remote control provides convenience for switching appliances on/off from a distance and is useful for elderly and disabled people. The system can control ceiling fans and lights with a maximum range of around 10 meters.
Ir switch & remote control
This document describes an infrared (IR) switch and remote control circuit. It discusses how IR light works and its applications, including in TV remotes. The circuit uses an IR detector tuned to detect pulses at 38kHz from an IR LED in the remote control. The detector circuit has four stages: 1) IR detection, 2) buffering the signal, 3) generating an on/off command, and 4) toggling an LED switch on or off. The remote control circuit uses a 555 timer oscillator to pulse the IR LED at 38kHz, matching the detector. Pressing the remote will toggle the LED switch.
report on mini project Bicycle lock
The document describes the design of an electronic bicycle lock that uses a circuit to trigger an alarm. The circuit includes a PIR sensor to detect movement, a UM3561 IC to generate a police siren sound through a speaker, and a transistor used as both an amplifier and switch. When the lock is broken, the circuit is disrupted which causes the transistor to activate the IC and sound the alarm. The lock was tested on a breadboard and PCB and successfully sounded the alarm when movement was detected or the lock was broken. Potential future applications of the design include vehicle security systems and burglar alarms.
Recommended
Remote Controlled Home Appliance
Remote Controlled Home Appliance is a microcontroller based wireless system. we choose infrared to design the remote control system for home appliances for our project. Here we used IR Transmitter (Commonly Used remotes for home appliances) and IR Sensor Modules The major aim of this project is to deliver the technology of modern world in our country at low price to general people. The overall performance of the power supply (PS) is excellent as a constant supply to drive any small load
Remote control for home appliances
This circuit allows remote control of home appliances like lamps or fans using an IR TSOP1738 sensor and CD4017 decade counter IC. The IR signal from the remote is received by the TSOP1738 and amplified by a transistor before being fed to the CD4017 IC. The CD4017 switches between red and green LEDs to indicate appliance power state and uses another transistor to drive a relay that physically turns the appliance on or off by connecting it to the main power supply. The circuit can be operated remotely from up to 10 meters away.
CONTROLLING HOME APPLIANCES USING REMOTE(1)
This document describes a home appliance control system that allows appliances to be controlled remotely using a TV remote. It consists of an IR receiver that receives signals from the remote and decodes the RC5 protocol. A microcontroller then determines which appliance is being controlled and sends signals to a relay driver IC to operate the appropriate relay and control appliances like lights and fans. The system provides remote control of appliances up to 10 meters away, allows easy control and monitoring, reduces human effort, and saves time and energy.
Controlling home appliances using remote (2)
This document describes a circuit designed to control home or industrial appliances using a remote control. The circuit uses an IR receiver module to detect signals from the remote and a NE555 timer IC to trigger a relay that switches an appliance on or off. When a remote button is pressed, the IR receiver detects the 38kHz IR signal and activates the timer IC, toggling the relay and appliance power. This allows controlling appliances from up to 10 meters away, reducing effort and saving time compared to manual switching. Potential applications include industrial equipment and home devices.
TV Remote control Home Appliances using Arduino(Infrared)
TV Remote control Home Appliances using Arduino(Infrared).
This is a B.tech project.Hope some one may find some use.
REMOTE CONTROL FOR FAN SLIDE SHARE
The document describes the circuit design and working of a remote control for ceiling fans. It contains a transmitter unit with a 555 timer and IR LEDs that transmit signals and a receiver unit with a photodiode, op-amp and 4018 counter integrated circuit. The receiver converts the infrared signals into electrical pulses that control a relay and change the fan speed. Remote control provides convenience for switching appliances on/off from a distance and is useful for elderly and disabled people. The system can control ceiling fans and lights with a maximum range of around 10 meters.
Ir switch & remote control
This document describes an infrared (IR) switch and remote control circuit. It discusses how IR light works and its applications, including in TV remotes. The circuit uses an IR detector tuned to detect pulses at 38kHz from an IR LED in the remote control. The detector circuit has four stages: 1) IR detection, 2) buffering the signal, 3) generating an on/off command, and 4) toggling an LED switch on or off. The remote control circuit uses a 555 timer oscillator to pulse the IR LED at 38kHz, matching the detector. Pressing the remote will toggle the LED switch.
report on mini project Bicycle lock
The document describes the design of an electronic bicycle lock that uses a circuit to trigger an alarm. The circuit includes a PIR sensor to detect movement, a UM3561 IC to generate a police siren sound through a speaker, and a transistor used as both an amplifier and switch. When the lock is broken, the circuit is disrupted which causes the transistor to activate the IC and sound the alarm. The lock was tested on a breadboard and PCB and successfully sounded the alarm when movement was detected or the lock was broken. Potential future applications of the design include vehicle security systems and burglar alarms.
Presentation1 on burglar alarm....
This document outlines a project to develop a sensitive optical burglar alarm. The alarm will use a photo transistor, LED, resistors, capacitors, and NE555 integrated circuits to detect light changes and alert of intrusions. It aims to ensure home security through an automatic monitoring device. Recent uses of similar alarm systems include wireless panels from Honeywell. The project is being developed under faculty guidance and is expected to be completed on schedule.
Electronic Bicycle Lock Mini Project Analog Electronics
This document summarizes a student project to design an intelligent electronic bicycle lock to prevent theft. The lock uses an UM3561 integrated circuit to generate police siren tones through a speaker. An NPN transistor acts as a switch to turn the alarm on and off. When the transistor's base and emitter are shorted, the alarm is off, but releasing the connection causes the siren to sound. The circuit operates on 2-4 volts and was implemented on a breadboard as a proof of concept. The electronic lock provides a low-cost security alternative for bicycle owners compared to traditional locks.
Controlling a home appliance using IR remote
This document describes a circuit that allows home appliances to be controlled using an infrared remote control. The circuit consists of a transmitter that sends infrared signals using a 555 timer chip and an IR LED. The receiver uses a TSOP1738 IR sensor and CD4017 counter IC to receive and decode the IR signals, then trigger a relay to turn the appliance on or off. The circuit was designed to have a range of up to 10 meters and provide a low-cost way to remotely control appliances like lamps, fans, and radios.
Infrared Remote Controlled Devices
This is to design a circuit such that one can control home or industrial appliance using the help of remote. This circuit can be used to any of your home appliances (lamp, fan, radio, etc.) to make the appliance turn on/off from a TV remote control.
Using remote to control appliances reduces human efforts without compromising on efficiency. It also saves time. Infrared (IR) light is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength longer than that of visible light, measured from the nominal edge of visible red light at 0.7 μm and extending conventionally to 300 μm,. These radiations with a frequency below our eyes sensitivity cannot be seen, but can only be felt by our skin temperature sensors. Infrared is interesting, because it is easily generated and doesn't suffer electromagnetic interference and so it is widely used in communication and control circuits. The adventure of using lots of infrared in TV remote controls helped engineers to work on innovative projects like controlling home appliances using TV remotes etc. Receiver in the circuit receives pulsed IR rays from the remote and decoded signal is thus received by relay driver whose output activates the corresponding home appliance. According to this, it makes sense that the logical direction about managing home appliances (HASs) in the near future is going to be by means of a remote control. But wireless technologies in domestics should be implemented carefully.
Operating electrical devices with PIR sensor. No coding, No controller
Operating electrical device with PIR Sensor. We don't need any coding or any controller. The sensor will send signal to the relay and relay will operate the devices.
Pir based lighting control
This project presentation summarizes the design and development of a PIR-based lighting control system. The system uses a PIR sensor to detect motion and trigger lights. When no motion is detected, the lights will turn off to save energy. PIR sensors detect infrared radiation emitted from surrounding objects and can be used to control lights in areas that only require occasional illumination, such as pathways, driveways, and gardens. The presentation provides details on PIR sensor components and working, the application circuit design including a power supply, sensor interface, microcontroller, and relay to control lights. It explains how the system can be used to automatically turn lights on when motion is detected and off again after a period of inactivity to provide energy-
Automatic room light contoller without microcontroller
This circuit uses a 555 timer configured as an astable multivibrator to generate a square wave that controls room lights and counts the number of visitors in a room. Infrared sensors detect when people enter or exit and send signals to the 555 timer. The timer then turns the lights on when people are detected and off when the count reaches zero. It can also display the visitor count on seven-segment displays. The circuit works by charging and discharging capacitors connected to the timer to switch its output state, controlling the lights and counting system.
Dtmf based home automation without micro-controller
I did this project for my Digital Communication Course. It is less cost and 100% working project what I made. Without the help of Arduino and Micro-controller.
MASS PIR
This document describes a project that uses a PIR sensor and microcontroller to automatically control lighting based on the presence of people. It aims to save energy by turning lights off when an area is unoccupied. A PIR sensor is used to detect motion and trigger the lights. When motion is detected, the lights will turn on or brighten. Additional components like an LDR, thermostat, ZCD, dimmer and optocoupler are also described. The document provides details on the components, specifications of the PIR sensor, and how the system can efficiently save power by automatically controlling lights.
ELECTRONIC EYE FOR NIGHT DEVICE SWITCHING USING 555 TIMER
HEAR USING PIR AND LDR SENSORS WE CONTROLLED LIGHT TO GLOW IN NIGHT TIMES THAT TO IN THE PRESENCE OF HUMAN.
Wireless transmission of voice signal using nRF24L01 module
This is a Communication System Project(Electronics Engineering).In this project we are transmit the the voice signal by transceiver in different conditions
1.Normal Condition
2.Ab-normal Conditions(With interrupt input signals)
Presentation door knock
This document describes the fabrication of a printed circuit board (PCB) and prototyping of a door-knock or vibration alarm circuit. It includes a list of components used - PCB, LED, diode, resistor, transistor, IC LM324. It provides the circuit schematic, board layout designed using EAGLE software, and the chemical etching process. It then describes how the circuit works using the quad op-amp LM324 as an amplifier, with a buzzer as the input sensor and transistors to drive the output buzzer or relay. Adjusting the reference voltage with a potentiometer controls sensitivity.
Innovations In Burglar Alarms Ppt
This document describes the basic concepts and components of burglar alarm systems. It discusses how alarms work by breaking and then reconnecting electrical circuits to detect intrusions and trigger alarms. Common components include motion detectors, control boxes to monitor circuits and sound alarms, and sirens or auto-dialers to alert occupants. The document provides details on a basic magnetic sensor design and improved alarm circuit that uses a CMOS 4011 chip with capacitors to create entry/exit delays and prevent false alarms.
Controlling home appliances using ir modules
This document summarizes a major project to control home appliances using infrared (IR) modules. The project aims to reduce the need for manual switching of devices like motors, fans, and bulbs. It employs a transmitter section that can be carried by a user to send IR signals within range to a receiver section. The receiver section is connected to devices and uses a decoder chip to receive encoded signals from the transmitter, which are then used to operate relays and control the connected appliances remotely. The system allows single-person control of devices from a distance, is low cost, small in size, and has applications for industrial, educational, personal, and assistive use.
Rain Alarm Using 555 Timer IC with Report
It is a rain alarm presentation which includes the video of its working and the components and the working of thee rain alarm.
Anti theft & Automation using Arduino
The Project is about anti-theft & automation. It also provides protection against gas leakage by notification through sms and internet. Ability to control electrical equipments via internet
TELEVISION CONTROL WITH SENSORS
Aim of the project is to enable Handicap People without fingers to control Television with the help of Sensors
By the movement of their hands, the target audience can switch channels and control volume as per pre-defined Sensory Movements
Used TL866A Programmer & Keil Micro Vision 5
Project was achieved with the addition of a jump bit to the delay loop checking the overflow of the flag
Completely owned Programming and Circuit Design from scratch
Resolved and Rectified programming issues
The Relay was made to function without ripples in the circuit by connecting a Capacitor across
Bayas
This document describes a clap switch circuit that can control devices without physically touching switches. The circuit uses a NE555 timer and CD4017 counter IC. When a clap is detected by a microphone, it triggers the NE555 to produce a clock pulse that makes the CD4017 counter change states. Each state controls an output that can turn on a device. Up to 10 devices can be controlled in this way by clapping once to turn on the first device, clapping again to turn on the second, and so on.
Touch sensor and Types
This document describes the design and working of a touch sensor circuit. The circuit uses a touch sensor, LED, piezo buzzer, and 9V battery. When an object touches the sensor, the LED lights up and buzzer sounds for about 100 seconds before turning off automatically. The touch sensor works like a switch, completing a circuit when touched to allow current to flow. The circuit has applications in touch-operated devices like bells and toys due to its quick response and low cost.
J010525864
The document summarizes performance improvements for transferring short messages over the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). It presents two mathematical models: 1) a dedicated channel model that analyzes throughput over dedicated channels only, and 2) a proposed model that analyzes throughput over both random access channels (RACH) and dedicated channels. The proposed model increases message throughput by allowing RACH to carry messages directly instead of just requests. Results show the proposed model achieves higher throughput than the dedicated channel model across most values of network load and percentage of messages sent over RACH versus dedicated channels. Optimal values for maximizing throughput depend on the network load.
S180203118124
This document provides a comparative perspective on the postgraduate historical research formats of Sudan and Nigeria. Some key differences discussed include:
- In Sudan, original certificates must be authenticated for admission, while this is not required in Nigeria.
- In Nigeria, abstracts cannot be more than one or in another language, while in Sudan abstracts must be provided in both English and Arabic.
- Sudan requires explicitly stating research results and recommendations in the text, while this is not mandatory in Nigeria where historians are not expected to speculate or pass judgment.
- Overall, the document finds some similarities in research stages and requirements but also noteworthy differences in the admission processes and abstract/language requirements between the two countries.
More Related Content
What's hot
Presentation1 on burglar alarm....
This document outlines a project to develop a sensitive optical burglar alarm. The alarm will use a photo transistor, LED, resistors, capacitors, and NE555 integrated circuits to detect light changes and alert of intrusions. It aims to ensure home security through an automatic monitoring device. Recent uses of similar alarm systems include wireless panels from Honeywell. The project is being developed under faculty guidance and is expected to be completed on schedule.
Electronic Bicycle Lock Mini Project Analog Electronics
This document summarizes a student project to design an intelligent electronic bicycle lock to prevent theft. The lock uses an UM3561 integrated circuit to generate police siren tones through a speaker. An NPN transistor acts as a switch to turn the alarm on and off. When the transistor's base and emitter are shorted, the alarm is off, but releasing the connection causes the siren to sound. The circuit operates on 2-4 volts and was implemented on a breadboard as a proof of concept. The electronic lock provides a low-cost security alternative for bicycle owners compared to traditional locks.
Controlling a home appliance using IR remote
This document describes a circuit that allows home appliances to be controlled using an infrared remote control. The circuit consists of a transmitter that sends infrared signals using a 555 timer chip and an IR LED. The receiver uses a TSOP1738 IR sensor and CD4017 counter IC to receive and decode the IR signals, then trigger a relay to turn the appliance on or off. The circuit was designed to have a range of up to 10 meters and provide a low-cost way to remotely control appliances like lamps, fans, and radios.
Infrared Remote Controlled Devices
This is to design a circuit such that one can control home or industrial appliance using the help of remote. This circuit can be used to any of your home appliances (lamp, fan, radio, etc.) to make the appliance turn on/off from a TV remote control.
Using remote to control appliances reduces human efforts without compromising on efficiency. It also saves time. Infrared (IR) light is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength longer than that of visible light, measured from the nominal edge of visible red light at 0.7 μm and extending conventionally to 300 μm,. These radiations with a frequency below our eyes sensitivity cannot be seen, but can only be felt by our skin temperature sensors. Infrared is interesting, because it is easily generated and doesn't suffer electromagnetic interference and so it is widely used in communication and control circuits. The adventure of using lots of infrared in TV remote controls helped engineers to work on innovative projects like controlling home appliances using TV remotes etc. Receiver in the circuit receives pulsed IR rays from the remote and decoded signal is thus received by relay driver whose output activates the corresponding home appliance. According to this, it makes sense that the logical direction about managing home appliances (HASs) in the near future is going to be by means of a remote control. But wireless technologies in domestics should be implemented carefully.
Operating electrical devices with PIR sensor. No coding, No controller
Operating electrical device with PIR Sensor. We don't need any coding or any controller. The sensor will send signal to the relay and relay will operate the devices.
Pir based lighting control
This project presentation summarizes the design and development of a PIR-based lighting control system. The system uses a PIR sensor to detect motion and trigger lights. When no motion is detected, the lights will turn off to save energy. PIR sensors detect infrared radiation emitted from surrounding objects and can be used to control lights in areas that only require occasional illumination, such as pathways, driveways, and gardens. The presentation provides details on PIR sensor components and working, the application circuit design including a power supply, sensor interface, microcontroller, and relay to control lights. It explains how the system can be used to automatically turn lights on when motion is detected and off again after a period of inactivity to provide energy-
Automatic room light contoller without microcontroller
This circuit uses a 555 timer configured as an astable multivibrator to generate a square wave that controls room lights and counts the number of visitors in a room. Infrared sensors detect when people enter or exit and send signals to the 555 timer. The timer then turns the lights on when people are detected and off when the count reaches zero. It can also display the visitor count on seven-segment displays. The circuit works by charging and discharging capacitors connected to the timer to switch its output state, controlling the lights and counting system.
Dtmf based home automation without micro-controller
I did this project for my Digital Communication Course. It is less cost and 100% working project what I made. Without the help of Arduino and Micro-controller.
MASS PIR
This document describes a project that uses a PIR sensor and microcontroller to automatically control lighting based on the presence of people. It aims to save energy by turning lights off when an area is unoccupied. A PIR sensor is used to detect motion and trigger the lights. When motion is detected, the lights will turn on or brighten. Additional components like an LDR, thermostat, ZCD, dimmer and optocoupler are also described. The document provides details on the components, specifications of the PIR sensor, and how the system can efficiently save power by automatically controlling lights.
ELECTRONIC EYE FOR NIGHT DEVICE SWITCHING USING 555 TIMER
HEAR USING PIR AND LDR SENSORS WE CONTROLLED LIGHT TO GLOW IN NIGHT TIMES THAT TO IN THE PRESENCE OF HUMAN.
Wireless transmission of voice signal using nRF24L01 module
This is a Communication System Project(Electronics Engineering).In this project we are transmit the the voice signal by transceiver in different conditions
1.Normal Condition
2.Ab-normal Conditions(With interrupt input signals)
Presentation door knock
This document describes the fabrication of a printed circuit board (PCB) and prototyping of a door-knock or vibration alarm circuit. It includes a list of components used - PCB, LED, diode, resistor, transistor, IC LM324. It provides the circuit schematic, board layout designed using EAGLE software, and the chemical etching process. It then describes how the circuit works using the quad op-amp LM324 as an amplifier, with a buzzer as the input sensor and transistors to drive the output buzzer or relay. Adjusting the reference voltage with a potentiometer controls sensitivity.
Innovations In Burglar Alarms Ppt
This document describes the basic concepts and components of burglar alarm systems. It discusses how alarms work by breaking and then reconnecting electrical circuits to detect intrusions and trigger alarms. Common components include motion detectors, control boxes to monitor circuits and sound alarms, and sirens or auto-dialers to alert occupants. The document provides details on a basic magnetic sensor design and improved alarm circuit that uses a CMOS 4011 chip with capacitors to create entry/exit delays and prevent false alarms.
Controlling home appliances using ir modules
This document summarizes a major project to control home appliances using infrared (IR) modules. The project aims to reduce the need for manual switching of devices like motors, fans, and bulbs. It employs a transmitter section that can be carried by a user to send IR signals within range to a receiver section. The receiver section is connected to devices and uses a decoder chip to receive encoded signals from the transmitter, which are then used to operate relays and control the connected appliances remotely. The system allows single-person control of devices from a distance, is low cost, small in size, and has applications for industrial, educational, personal, and assistive use.
Rain Alarm Using 555 Timer IC with Report
It is a rain alarm presentation which includes the video of its working and the components and the working of thee rain alarm.
Anti theft & Automation using Arduino
The Project is about anti-theft & automation. It also provides protection against gas leakage by notification through sms and internet. Ability to control electrical equipments via internet
TELEVISION CONTROL WITH SENSORS
Aim of the project is to enable Handicap People without fingers to control Television with the help of Sensors
By the movement of their hands, the target audience can switch channels and control volume as per pre-defined Sensory Movements
Used TL866A Programmer & Keil Micro Vision 5
Project was achieved with the addition of a jump bit to the delay loop checking the overflow of the flag
Completely owned Programming and Circuit Design from scratch
Resolved and Rectified programming issues
The Relay was made to function without ripples in the circuit by connecting a Capacitor across
Bayas
This document describes a clap switch circuit that can control devices without physically touching switches. The circuit uses a NE555 timer and CD4017 counter IC. When a clap is detected by a microphone, it triggers the NE555 to produce a clock pulse that makes the CD4017 counter change states. Each state controls an output that can turn on a device. Up to 10 devices can be controlled in this way by clapping once to turn on the first device, clapping again to turn on the second, and so on.
Touch sensor and Types
This document describes the design and working of a touch sensor circuit. The circuit uses a touch sensor, LED, piezo buzzer, and 9V battery. When an object touches the sensor, the LED lights up and buzzer sounds for about 100 seconds before turning off automatically. The touch sensor works like a switch, completing a circuit when touched to allow current to flow. The circuit has applications in touch-operated devices like bells and toys due to its quick response and low cost.
What's hot (20)
Electronic Bicycle Lock Mini Project Analog Electronics
Electronic Bicycle Lock Mini Project Analog Electronics
Operating electrical devices with PIR sensor. No coding, No controller
Operating electrical devices with PIR sensor. No coding, No controller
Automatic room light contoller without microcontroller
Automatic room light contoller without microcontroller
Dtmf based home automation without micro-controller
Dtmf based home automation without micro-controller
ELECTRONIC EYE FOR NIGHT DEVICE SWITCHING USING 555 TIMER
ELECTRONIC EYE FOR NIGHT DEVICE SWITCHING USING 555 TIMER
Wireless transmission of voice signal using nRF24L01 module
Wireless transmission of voice signal using nRF24L01 module
Viewers also liked
J010525864
The document summarizes performance improvements for transferring short messages over the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). It presents two mathematical models: 1) a dedicated channel model that analyzes throughput over dedicated channels only, and 2) a proposed model that analyzes throughput over both random access channels (RACH) and dedicated channels. The proposed model increases message throughput by allowing RACH to carry messages directly instead of just requests. Results show the proposed model achieves higher throughput than the dedicated channel model across most values of network load and percentage of messages sent over RACH versus dedicated channels. Optimal values for maximizing throughput depend on the network load.
S180203118124
This document provides a comparative perspective on the postgraduate historical research formats of Sudan and Nigeria. Some key differences discussed include:
- In Sudan, original certificates must be authenticated for admission, while this is not required in Nigeria.
- In Nigeria, abstracts cannot be more than one or in another language, while in Sudan abstracts must be provided in both English and Arabic.
- Sudan requires explicitly stating research results and recommendations in the text, while this is not mandatory in Nigeria where historians are not expected to speculate or pass judgment.
- Overall, the document finds some similarities in research stages and requirements but also noteworthy differences in the admission processes and abstract/language requirements between the two countries.
H013116878
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the dry sliding wear behavior of epoxy composites filled with different weight percentages of bone powder and reinforced with E-glass and jute fibers. Samples were fabricated with 0%, 10%, and 15% bone powder content. Tests were conducted using a pin-on-disc apparatus under varying loads, velocities, and sliding distances. The results showed that wear resistance initially increased then decreased with higher bone powder content. Surface analysis using SEM correlated wear mechanisms with test results. The study aimed to understand the effect of bone powder filler on wear characteristics of these hybrid fiber composites.
G1303034650
This document analyzes the stress on helical coil springs made of different materials that are used in two-wheeler vehicles. It discusses the modeling of a spring in CATIA software and analyzing it in ANSYS. Four materials are considered - structural steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, and chrome vanadium. The maximum shear stress and total deformation of each material under load are calculated and chrome vanadium is found to have the lowest stress and deformation, making it the best material out of the four considered for springs.
N013148591
This document summarizes research on the effect of soil-structure interaction (SSI) on a high-rise reinforced concrete building located in Mumbai, India. SSI considers how a structure's foundation and the underlying soil affect each other when experiencing dynamic loads like earthquakes. The study models a 42-storey building using ETABS and analyzes the structure both with and without considering SSI effects using pile-raft and raft foundations in MIDAS GTX NX. Results show that accounting for SSI leads to reduced settlements, reactions and solid stresses compared to a fixed-base model. The conclusions emphasize that SSI effects are most important for flexible structures on soft soils and that simple analytical models are usually sufficient for engineering applications
K1303016770
This document summarizes an experiment on enhancing the heat transfer efficiency of a counter flow heat exchanger by using API SN oil and Super Kool Xtra oil. The experimental setup uses a copper tube heat exchanger with the hot fluid passing through the inside of the copper tube and the cold fluid passing over the outside. Temperature readings are taken at the inlet and outlet of both fluids. The results show that API SN oil provides greater heat transfer efficiency than water or Super Kool Xtra oil based on the temperature changes of the fluids. The heat exchanger has applications in industries involving heat transfer like oil/gas, power generation, and industrial processing.
J1302024854
- The document experimentally investigates and optimizes welding parameters for TIG welding of 7005 aluminium alloy. TIG welding was used to weld 5mm thick 7005 aluminium alloy plates while varying the welding parameters.
- Welding current, gas flow rate, welding speed, and electrode gap were selected as input parameters to study their effect on the tensile strength and hardness of the welded joints, which were selected as output responses.
- An L9 orthogonal array based on Taguchi methods was used to design the welding experiments. The experiments analyzed the effect of parameters on tensile strength and hardness using signal-to-noise ratios. Welding current was found to have the greatest influence on tensile
The Influence of a New-Synthesized Complex Compounds of Ni (II), Cu (II) And ...
This document describes the synthesis and characterization of new macrocyclic complex compounds containing nickel(II), copper(II), and iron(II) coordinated with a ligand containing a tetraoxotetrahydrazin moiety. The complexes were characterized using techniques such as elemental analysis, UV-visible and IR spectroscopy, and magnetic moment measurements. The complexes were then tested for antibacterial activity against 14 pathogenic bacteria and compared to a standard antibiotic. The results indicate that the new complexes show potential as antimicrobial agents.
N010637794
This document summarizes a research paper on synthesizing speech using a small microcontroller. It describes designing a speech synthesis system using a microcontroller to perform various speech commands. The system uses a PIC18F1320 microcontroller and a TTS256 speech synthesizer chip which concatenates recorded speech segments to generate synthesized speech. Software is developed using MPLAB to control the system and synthesize speech. The system is tested to ensure it can interface with the user, control an audio playback device using the microcontroller, and synthesize speech within the microcontroller.
J01046673
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Study of Boron Based Superconductivity and Effect of High Temperature Cuprate...
This paper illustrates the main normal and Boron superconducting state temperature properties of magnesium diboride, a substance known since early 1950's, but lately graded to be superconductive at a remarkably high critical temperature Tc=40K for a binary synthesis. What makes MgB2 so special? Its high Tc, simple crystal construction, large coherence lengths, high serious current densities and fields, lucidity of surface boundaries to current promises that MgB2 will be a good material for both large scale applications and electronic devices. Throughout the last seven month, MgB2 has been fabricated in various shape, bulk, single crystals, thin films, ribbons and wires. The largest critical current densities >10MA/cm2 and critical fields 40T are achieved for thin films. The anisotropy attribution inferred from upper critical field measurements is still to be resolved, a wide range of values being reported, γ = 1.2 ÷ 9. Also there is no consensus about the existence of a single anisotropic or double energy cavity. One central issue is whether or not MgB2 represents a new class of superconductors, being the tip of an iceberg that waits to be discovered. Until now MgB2 holds the record of the highest Tc among simple binary synthesis. However, the discovery of superconductivity in MgB2 revived the interest in non-oxides and initiated a search for superconductivity in related materials, several synthesis being already announced to become superconductive: TaB2, BeB2.75, C-S composites, and the elemental B under pressure.
Nasal Parameters of Ibibio and Yakurr Ethnic Groups of South South Nigeria
The study involved 400 subjects, 200 each of the two ethnic groups(100 males and 100 females). The age range was 18-35years. Subjects with facial deformities or surgeries that involved the nasal region were excluded from the study. Subjects that have both parents and grandparents of each ethnic group and who have lived in that environment for at least the first 18years of their lifetime were selected for the study. The nasal length and width were measured using spreading calipers and nasal indices deducted from these measurements. Test for significance was done using the students’ t-test. Results showed the nasal indices of the Ibibio males and females to be 86.58±1.20 and 81.75±1.14 respectively and for the Yakurr males and females, it was 77.76±0.82 and 102.27±1.13 respectively. There was significant ethnic and gender differences in all the nasal parameters (nasal length, nasal width and nasal indices) at p<0.05. From the nasal indices the nose type of the Ibibio males is platyrrhine while that of the Ibibio females is mesorrhine, the Yakurr males also have mesorrhine nose type while the Yakurr females have platyrrhine nose type. With this result, nasal parameters could be a useful tool in gender and ethnic differentiation between the Ibibio and Yakurr ethnic groups.
The Role of IL-17, Metaphase Reactants on Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arth...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represents the most common form of chronic inflammatory joint disease leading to cartilage and bone destruction, It affects approximately 1-2 % of world’s population. The inflammatory process causes diffuse thickening and hyperplasia of the joint Interleukin (IL)-17 is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine produced from Th17 cells. IL-17A is the prototypic member belonging to a family of 6 ranging from IL-17A to IL-17F. IL-17A mediates its biological effects through binding to a receptor complex consisting of IL-17RCA and IL-17RCC subunits.
Objective. To assess the role of IL-17 on the disease process of Rheumatoid arthritis and the effects on the trace elements such as Zinc, copper , Magnesium.
Subjects and method: A total of 60 patients with early Rheumatoid Arthritis were studied. Their ages ranged from 20-52 years with a mean age of ( 39.3 ± 9.01)years. , while the range was between (20-51) years and the mean was (37.5 ± 8.6) years for healthy control non significant difference P > 0.4 with no complaint of other chronic or systemic diseases were considered as control. the samples were collected during period from ( December 2012 – july 2013 ). the mean disease duration of RA was (3.27±1.2) month. Blood samples were collected from patients and controls to assess Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and serum levels of White blood cells ( WBC), Hemoglobin (Hb), Interleukin-17A and were estimated by agglutination test, and IL-17A was estimated by (ELIZA).
Effects of Eccentric Strength Training’s Time on Daily Plasma Testosterone Le...
This study aims to evaluate the effects of the eccentric physical training’s time on daily plasma concentrations of testosterone among sedentary athletes. Sixty male athletes, with homogeneous age, size and weight were selected for the study during three months. They were subjects to a strength training of the extensor and flexor muscles of the knee. After they were divided in two groups of thirty subjects and then had physical training either in the morning between 6 and 7, or in the evening, between 16 and 17. The dosage of testosterone on each athlete was performed before and after submission to an eccentric physical program at the antecubital vein in a restful sitting. Our results have shown that eccentric physical training induces the increase of this steroid hormone in the two groups of athletes and the training in the evening promotes better its production. Our results also showed that the rate of this androgen drop significantly during the day in both groups of athletes trained in the morning or in the evening as well as their respective controls. However, the decline was even more pronounced for subjects trained in the morning
F0423134
This document proposes a system for identifying, tracking, and controlling car theft using a GPS module, Android mobile phone, and control system. If the car is stolen, the owner will receive an MMS with an image of the thief captured by a hidden camera and SMS messages with the car's latitude and longitude. The owner can then send a secret code by SMS to stop the car remotely via a microcontroller. Principal component analysis is used for face recognition to identify thieves. The low-cost system aims to provide reliable vehicle security and assist investigators in identifying hijackers.
J017256674
1) The document describes using a master-slave voting technique for supervised word sense disambiguation (WSD). It combines three approaches: Decision List as the master approach and Naive Bayes and AdaBoost as slave approaches.
2) Two experiments are conducted. The first combines Naive Bayes and Decision List, improving Naive Bayes' accuracy. The second combines AdaBoost and Decision List, further increasing accuracy.
3) A third experiment combines all three approaches, with Decision List as the master. As expected, this achieves the highest accuracy compared to the individual approaches.
Wireless Sensor Network: an emerging entrant in Healthcare
This document discusses the potential for wireless sensor networks in healthcare applications. It describes how wireless sensor networks can be used to monitor patients remotely by collecting physiological data from sensor devices. Some challenges to the adoption of this technology in healthcare include ensuring privacy and security of medical data transmitted over wireless networks. The document also provides examples of how wireless body area networks and wearable sensor devices can help monitor aspects of health and enable at-home health monitoring.
The Phase Theory towards the Unification of the Forces of Nature the Heart Be...
A new theory has been presented, for the first time, called the "Phase Theory", which is the natural evolution of the physical thought and is considered the one beyond the super string theory. This theory solves the unsolved problems of the mysterious of matter, antimatter and interactions and makes a wide step towards the unification of the forces of nature. In this theory, the vibrating string of different frequency modes which determines the different types of elementary particles is replaced by a three dimensional infinitesimal pulsating (black)holes with the same frequency. Different types of elementary particles are determined by different phase angles associated with the same frequency. This allows the force of interactions to take place among elementary particles, without the need to invoke the notion of the force carrier particles, as the (stable) force of interactions can never take place between elementary particles at different frequencies. Besides the strong mathematical proofs given in this paper to prove its truthfulness, an experimental prediction has been given to confirm the theory presented in the form of the relation between the electron radius and quarks radii. The paper shows that quarks are direct consequence of this theory, and solves "the flavor problem" in QCD, and gives the clue to answer the questions of "Why are there so many flavors? The paper also derives the equation of the big bang theory which describes the singularity of the moment of creation of the universe.
DC Motor Position Control Using Fuzzy Proportional-Derivative Controllers Wit...
This document discusses using fuzzy proportional-derivative (FPD) controllers to control the position of a DC motor. It first describes modeling the DC motor in Simulink and designing a crisp proportional-derivative (PD) controller as a benchmark. Then it discusses designing an FPD controller and comparing the system responses using different defuzzification methods. It finds that the FPD controller is able to reject disturbances without further tuning, unlike the crisp PD controller.
J012135863
This document summarizes a study that used finite element analysis to evaluate vehicle interior safety features. The study analyzed head injury criteria (HIC) from impacts of a free motion headform at various points inside a vehicle model, both with and without interior trim components. Without trim, the HIC exceeded 1000, the safety standard limit, at all impact points. With 2mm thick trim added to the pillars and side rails, the HIC was below 1000 at all points tested. The results indicate that interior trim materials are effective at reducing head accelerations and meeting safety standards during interior impacts.
Viewers also liked (20)
The Influence of a New-Synthesized Complex Compounds of Ni (II), Cu (II) And ...
The Influence of a New-Synthesized Complex Compounds of Ni (II), Cu (II) And ...
Study of Boron Based Superconductivity and Effect of High Temperature Cuprate...
Study of Boron Based Superconductivity and Effect of High Temperature Cuprate...
Nasal Parameters of Ibibio and Yakurr Ethnic Groups of South South Nigeria
Nasal Parameters of Ibibio and Yakurr Ethnic Groups of South South Nigeria
The Role of IL-17, Metaphase Reactants on Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arth...
The Role of IL-17, Metaphase Reactants on Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arth...
Effects of Eccentric Strength Training’s Time on Daily Plasma Testosterone Le...
Effects of Eccentric Strength Training’s Time on Daily Plasma Testosterone Le...
Wireless Sensor Network: an emerging entrant in Healthcare
Wireless Sensor Network: an emerging entrant in Healthcare
The Phase Theory towards the Unification of the Forces of Nature the Heart Be...
The Phase Theory towards the Unification of the Forces of Nature the Heart Be...
DC Motor Position Control Using Fuzzy Proportional-Derivative Controllers Wit...
DC Motor Position Control Using Fuzzy Proportional-Derivative Controllers Wit...
Similar to M010527678
3) Remote Controlled Fan Regulator
The document describes a remote controlled fan regulator that allows controlling a fan's speed without moving. It uses an infrared receiver to receive signals from the remote control. A decade counter then controls the speed, varying the pulse width which changes the TRIAC firing angle and fan speed. The aim was to develop an affordable, reliable remote controlled fan system.
MOBILE BUG ; ACTIVE CELL PHONE DETECTOR USING CMOS & BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS
This document provides information about a project to build an active cell phone detector circuit. It includes a circuit diagram and descriptions of the major components used, including the CA3130 and NE555 integrated circuits. The circuit works by using a capacitor to detect radio frequency signals from nearby cell phones, converting this to a voltage that triggers a monostable multivibrator to activate an alarm. The detector is able to identify incoming/outgoing calls and video transmission from phones within 1-1.5 meters.
IRJET- IoT based Feeder Protection from Overload and Earth Fault
This document describes an Internet of Things (IoT) based system to protect electrical feeders from overload and earth faults. The system uses current sensors connected in series with feeders to detect faults like short circuits or overloads. When a fault is detected, a microcontroller sends signals to trip a relay, disconnecting the load. It also sends alerts about faults via an IoT module. The system aims to improve power distribution in India by addressing issues like load shedding. It was developed by students and a professor to automatically monitor and protect feeders from faults.
Home automation
This document discusses an embedded system for home automation that uses various sensors and a microcontroller to automatically control lights and fans based on environmental factors. The system includes a door frame sensor, light sensor, temperature sensor, and security switch that provide inputs to a microcontroller. The microcontroller then drives relays to control lights and fans. The goal is to automate household tasks for convenience and energy efficiency while maintaining user control. It also outlines potential for future expansion of automation and control of additional appliances both indoors and outdoors.
IRJET- IoT based Industrial Automation
This document describes an IOT-based industrial automation system that allows users to control industrial appliances and machines over the internet. An Arduino microcontroller processes user commands received via a WiFi module. The microcontroller then controls loads and a motor via relays. The system state is displayed on an LCD screen. The goal is to efficiently automate industry using an online GUI for remote control of devices. Key hardware components include a power supply, Arduino, WiFi module, relay driver, relays, and LCD display. The system provides efficient remote control of industry appliances and machines over the internet using IOT.
fuzzy based bidirectional buck-boost cascade inverter
This document summarizes a project on bidirectional buck boost cascade inverters. It presents:
1. An abstract describing a bidirectional buck boost cascade inverter that uses a buck converter stage to maintain inductor current and a boost converter stage to control output voltage.
2. Descriptions of buck and boost converter operations, components, and applications such as battery charging.
3. Explanations of fuzzy logic controllers, including their advantages over PID controllers for uncertain or nonlinear systems.
4. A comparison of PID and fuzzy logic controllers, noting that fuzzy controllers can achieve high performance by eliminating system nonlinearities.
56211728 automatic-room-light-controller-with-bidirectional-visitor-counter
This document is a project report for an automatic room light controller with a bidirectional visitor counter. It includes sections on components used, a 555 integrated circuit, condenser microphone, capacitor, piezo buzzer, relay, telemetry circuit explanation, working of telephone cradle switch, dual tone multiple frequency encoder, working of the system, an embedded C program code, and applications. The project uses sensors to detect visitors entering and exiting a room and controls the room lights accordingly. It also counts and displays the number of visitors in the room.
IRJET-Static Voltage Stabilizer
This document describes a static voltage stabilizer that uses a DSP-based controller to regulate voltage levels. It discusses how static voltage stabilizers improve upon traditional servo-controlled stabilizers by using electronic circuits and feedback control to achieve faster voltage correction without moving parts. The key components are a buck-boost transformer, an IGBT power stage controlled by a TMS320F28069 microcontroller to generate the necessary voltages, and current and voltage sensors for feedback. Pulse width modulation is used to control the IGBTs. The stabilizer can operate in boost mode to increase voltage levels and buck mode to decrease voltages levels as needed to maintain the output at the desired level. Hardware and simulations of a single phase implementation are also presented
Neo coolcam - smart-plug user guide v2 - Zwave
This smart plug can be included in any Z-Wave network and act as a repeater. It has a button used for inclusion, exclusion, and reset. When powered, the LED will indicate if it is included in a network. It can remember power states and has functions for load monitoring and control of associated devices.
IoT Based Distribution Transformer Condition Monitoring System
This document summarizes a research paper on an IoT-based distribution transformer condition monitoring system. The system uses sensors to monitor parameters like current, oil level, moisture content and load to determine the health of distribution transformers remotely. It consists of an Arduino microcontroller, sensors for current, voltage, temperature, oil level, and an LCD display. The sensors transmit readings to the Arduino which displays them on the LCD. If abnormal readings are detected, it communicates this via serial communication. The system aims to continuously and remotely monitor transformer health to reduce maintenance costs and increase transformer lifespan.
IRJET- Wireless Data Monitoring and Fault Identification by using IoT in Ther...
This document describes a wireless IoT-based system for monitoring key parameters like temperature, vibration, pressure, and level in a thermal power plant. The system uses sensors to monitor these parameters, an Arduino microcontroller to process the sensor data, and an IoT module to transmit the data remotely via SMS. This allows plant operators to continuously monitor the parameters anywhere, increasing reliability while reducing maintenance and operating costs compared to manual monitoring. If any parameter exceeds a threshold, workers are alerted to potential issues via on-site displays and remote notifications, allowing faults to be identified early and equipment damage to be prevented.
IRJET- Wireless Data Monitoring and Fault Identification by using IoT in ...
This document describes a wireless IoT-based system for monitoring key parameters like temperature, vibration, pressure, and level in a thermal power plant. The system uses sensors to monitor these parameters, an Arduino microcontroller to process the sensor data, and an IoT module to transmit the data remotely via SMS. This allows plant operators to continuously monitor the parameters anywhere, increasing reliability while reducing maintenance and operating costs compared to manual monitoring. If any parameter exceeds a threshold, workers are alerted to potential issues via on-site displays and remote notifications, allowing faults to be identified early.
POSITION ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL SYSTEM
This project includes learning how to assmbles a mechatronic system,having informations about working elements and their situations,
Lec 8,9,10 (interfacing)
Here is the code for an open loop speed controller:
#include <PWM.h>
#define ENABLE 5
#define DIR1 3
#define DIR2 4
void setup() {
pinMode(ENABLE, OUTPUT);
pinMode(DIR1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(DIR2, OUTPUT);
PWM.begin();
PWM.setPeriod(500); // Period in microseconds
}
void loop() {
// Run motor forward at half speed
digitalWrite(DIR1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(DIR2, LOW);
PWM.setDuty(ENABLE, 50); // Duty cycle in percent
delay(2000); // Run for 2 seconds
Real time parameter estimation for power quality control and intelligent prot...
The document describes a method for real-time parameter estimation of power system impedance using signals from grid-connected power electronic converters. The proposed impedance estimation technique uses wavelets to analyze voltage and current transients from small disturbances imposed by power converters to determine the net impedance back to the power source. This allows for accurate impedance estimation within 5 milliseconds, providing the potential for fault detection within half a power cycle. The technique could enhance distributed generation operation during faults.
E044081720
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
DTMF base Mobile controlled appliances control
This document describes a circuit that allows controlling electrical appliances via a mobile phone using DTMF tones. The circuit uses a DTMF decoder IC to decode the tones from the phone's microphone into digital outputs. These outputs control a relay circuit that can power appliances. When a key is pressed on the phone, the DTMF IC detects the tone and triggers a flip-flop that energizes the relay and the appliance. This allows remote control of devices from a phone without needing an internet connection.
classic control and PLC training report
a training report on classic control and PLC basics
contains :
classic control basics
PLC basics
timers
contractors and relays
sensors
Probe And Revealing Faults In Three Phase System.
This document discusses a project to detect and identify faults in a three-phase power system. The system uses current and voltage sensors to monitor the supply, and a microcontroller to analyze the sensor data and detect any faults. If a fault is detected, the microcontroller will trip a relay to disconnect the faulty circuit, display the type of fault on a 7-segment display, and light an LED indicator. The system can detect various faults such as high or low voltage/current, dry run faults, and phase or supply reversal faults. The goal is to quickly identify faults to protect equipment and reduce outage times.
Summer training project
This document provides an overview of an Arduino-based home automation system using Bluetooth. It describes using an Arduino board, Bluetooth module, relay, LDR sensor, and other components to allow appliances to be controlled wirelessly via a smartphone. The document outlines the components, how they work, advantages and disadvantages, roles and responsibilities, and possibilities for future enhancements such as using Internet of Things technology. The conclusion states that the experimental home automation system was able to successfully control sample appliances wirelessly from a mobile device.
Similar to M010527678 (20)
MOBILE BUG ; ACTIVE CELL PHONE DETECTOR USING CMOS & BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS
MOBILE BUG ; ACTIVE CELL PHONE DETECTOR USING CMOS & BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS
IRJET- IoT based Feeder Protection from Overload and Earth Fault
IRJET- IoT based Feeder Protection from Overload and Earth Fault
fuzzy based bidirectional buck-boost cascade inverter
fuzzy based bidirectional buck-boost cascade inverter
56211728 automatic-room-light-controller-with-bidirectional-visitor-counter
56211728 automatic-room-light-controller-with-bidirectional-visitor-counter
IoT Based Distribution Transformer Condition Monitoring System
IoT Based Distribution Transformer Condition Monitoring System
IRJET- Wireless Data Monitoring and Fault Identification by using IoT in Ther...
IRJET- Wireless Data Monitoring and Fault Identification by using IoT in Ther...
IRJET- Wireless Data Monitoring and Fault Identification by using IoT in ...
IRJET- Wireless Data Monitoring and Fault Identification by using IoT in ...
Real time parameter estimation for power quality control and intelligent prot...
Real time parameter estimation for power quality control and intelligent prot...
More from IOSR Journals
A011140104
This document provides a technical review of secure banking using RSA and AES encryption methodologies. It discusses how RSA and AES are commonly used encryption standards for secure data transmission between ATMs and bank servers. The document first provides background on ATM security measures and risks of attacks. It then reviews related work analyzing encryption techniques. The document proposes using a one-time password in addition to a PIN for ATM authentication. It concludes that implementing encryption standards like RSA and AES can make transactions more secure and build trust in online banking.
M0111397100
This document analyzes the performance of various modulation schemes for achieving energy efficient communication over fading channels in wireless sensor networks. It finds that for long transmission distances, low-order modulations like BPSK are optimal due to their lower SNR requirements. However, as transmission distance decreases, higher-order modulations like 16-QAM and 64-QAM become more optimal since they can transmit more bits per symbol, outweighing their higher SNR needs. Simulations show lifetime extensions up to 550% are possible in short-range networks by using higher-order modulations instead of just BPSK. The optimal modulation depends on transmission distance and balancing the energy used by electronic components versus power amplifiers.
L011138596
This document provides a review of mobility management techniques in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). It discusses three modes of communication in VANETs: vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), and hybrid vehicle (HV) communication. For each communication mode, different mobility management schemes are required due to their unique characteristics. The document also discusses mobility management challenges in VANETs and outlines some open research issues in improving mobility management for seamless communication in these dynamic networks.
K011138084
This document provides a review of different techniques for segmenting brain MRI images to detect tumors. It compares the K-means and Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithms. K-means is an exclusive clustering algorithm that groups data points into distinct clusters, while Fuzzy C-means is an overlapping clustering algorithm that allows data points to belong to multiple clusters. The document finds that Fuzzy C-means requires more time for brain tumor detection compared to other methods like hierarchical clustering or K-means. It also reviews related work applying these clustering algorithms to segment brain MRI images.
J011137479
1) The document simulates and compares the performance of AODV and DSDV routing protocols in a mobile ad hoc network under three conditions: when users are fixed, when users move towards the base station, and when users move away from the base station.
2) The results show that both protocols have higher packet delivery and lower packet loss when users are either fixed or moving towards the base station, since signal strength is better in those scenarios. Performance degrades when users move away from the base station due to weaker signals.
3) AODV generally has better performance than DSDV, with higher throughput and packet delivery rates observed across the different user mobility conditions.
I011136673
This document describes the design and implementation of 4-bit QPSK and 256-bit QAM modulation techniques using MATLAB. It compares the two techniques based on SNR, BER, and efficiency. The key steps of implementing each technique in MATLAB are outlined, including generating random bits, modulation, adding noise, and measuring BER. Simulation results show scatter plots and eye diagrams of the modulated signals. A table compares the results, showing that 256-bit QAM provides better performance than 4-bit QPSK. The document concludes that QAM modulation is more effective for digital transmission systems.
G011134454
The document proposes a hybrid technique using Anisotropic Scale Invariant Feature Transform (A-SIFT) and Robust Ensemble Support Vector Machine (RESVM) to accurately identify faces in images. A-SIFT improves upon traditional SIFT by applying anisotropic scaling to extract richer directional keypoints. Keypoints are processed with RESVM and hypothesis testing to increase accuracy above 95% by repeatedly reprocessing images until the threshold is met. The technique was tested on similar and different facial images and achieved better results than SIFT in retrieval time and reduced keypoints.
H011135565
This document studies the effects of dielectric superstrate thickness on microstrip patch antenna parameters. Three types of probes-fed patch antennas (rectangular, circular, and square) were designed to operate at 2.4 GHz using Arlondiclad 880 substrate. The antennas were tested with and without an Arlondiclad 880 superstrate of varying thicknesses. It was found that adding a superstrate slightly degraded performance by lowering the resonant frequency and increasing return loss and VSWR, while decreasing bandwidth and gain. Specifically, increasing the superstrate thickness or dielectric constant resulted in greater changes to the antenna parameters.
F011134043
This document describes a wireless environment monitoring system that utilizes soil energy as a sustainable power source for wireless sensors. The system uses a microbial fuel cell to generate electricity from the microbial activity in soil. Two microbial fuel cells were created using different soil types and various additives to produce different current and voltage outputs. An electronic circuit was designed on a printed circuit board with components like a microcontroller and ZigBee transceiver. Sensors for temperature and humidity were connected to the circuit to monitor the environment wirelessly. The system provides a low-cost way to power remote sensors without needing battery replacement and avoids the high costs of wiring a power source.
E011133639
1) The document proposes a model for a frequency tunable inverted-F antenna that uses ferrite material.
2) The resonant frequency of the antenna can be significantly shifted from 2.41GHz to 3.15GHz, a 31% shift, by increasing the static magnetic field placed on the ferrite material.
3) Altering the permeability of the ferrite allows tuning of the antenna's resonant frequency without changing the physical dimensions, providing flexibility to operate over a wide frequency range.
D011132635
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a speech enhancement method using stationary wavelet transform. The method first classifies speech into voiced, unvoiced, and silence regions based on short-time energy. It then applies different thresholding techniques to the wavelet coefficients of each region - modified hard thresholding for voiced speech, semi-soft thresholding for unvoiced speech, and setting coefficients to zero for silence. Experimental results using speech from the TIMIT database corrupted with white Gaussian noise at various SNR levels show improved performance over other popular denoising methods.
C011131925
This document reviews the design of an energy-optimized wireless sensor node that encrypts data for transmission. It discusses how sensing schemes that group nodes into clusters and transmit aggregated data can reduce energy consumption compared to individual node transmissions. The proposed node design calculates the minimum transmission power needed based on received signal strength and uses a periodic sleep/wake cycle to optimize energy when not sensing or transmitting. It aims to encrypt data at both the node and network level to further optimize energy usage for wireless communication.
B011130918
This document discusses group consumption modes. It analyzes factors that impact group consumption, including external environmental factors like technological developments enabling new forms of online and offline interactions, as well as internal motivational factors at both the group and individual level. The document then proposes that group consumption modes can be divided into four types based on two dimensions: vertical (group relationship intensity) and horizontal (consumption action period). These four types are instrument-oriented, information-oriented, enjoyment-oriented, and relationship-oriented consumption modes. Finally, the document notes that consumption modes are dynamic and can evolve over time.
A011130108
The document summarizes a study of different microstrip patch antenna configurations with slotted ground planes. Three antenna designs were proposed and their performance evaluated through simulation: a conventional square patch, an elliptical patch, and a star-shaped patch. All antennas were mounted on an FR4 substrate. The effects of adding different slot patterns to the ground plane on resonance frequency, bandwidth, gain and efficiency were analyzed parametrically. Key findings were that reshaping the patch and adding slots increased bandwidth and shifted resonance frequency. The elliptical and star patches in particular performed better than the conventional design. Three antenna configurations were selected for fabrication and measurement based on the simulations: a conventional patch with a slot under the patch, an elliptical patch with slots
I011125160
1) The document describes a study conducted to improve call drop rates in a GSM network through RF optimization.
2) Drive testing was performed before and after optimization using TEMS software to record network parameters like RxLevel, RxQuality, and events.
3) Analysis found call drops were occurring due to issues like handover failures between sectors, interference from adjacent channels, and overshooting due to antenna tilt.
4) Corrective actions taken included defining neighbors between sectors, adjusting frequencies to reduce interference, and lowering the mechanical tilt of an antenna.
5) Post-optimization drive testing showed improvements in RxLevel, RxQuality, and a reduction in dropped calls.
H011124050
This document describes the design of an intelligent autonomous wheeled robot that uses RF transmission for communication. The robot has two modes - automatic mode where it can make its own decisions, and user control mode where a user can control it remotely. It is designed using a microcontroller and can perform tasks like object recognition using computer vision and color detection in MATLAB, as well as wall painting using pneumatic systems. The robot's movement is controlled by DC motors and it uses sensors like ultrasonic sensors and gas sensors to navigate autonomously. RF transmission allows communication between the robot and a remote control unit. The overall aim is to develop a low-cost robotic system for industrial applications like material handling.
G011123539
This document reviews cryptography techniques to secure the Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in mobile ad-hoc networks. It discusses various types of attacks on AODV like impersonation, denial of service, eavesdropping, black hole attacks, wormhole attacks, and Sybil attacks. It then proposes using the RC6 cryptography algorithm to secure AODV by encrypting data packets and detecting and removing malicious nodes launching black hole attacks. Simulation results show that after applying RC6, the packet delivery ratio and throughput of AODV increase while delay decreases, improving the security and performance of the network under attack.
F011123134
The document describes a proposed modification to the conventional Booth multiplier that aims to increase its speed by applying concepts from Vedic mathematics. Specifically, it utilizes the Urdhva Tiryakbhyam formula to generate all partial products concurrently rather than sequentially. The proposed 8x8 bit multiplier was coded in VHDL, simulated, and found to have a path delay 44.35% lower than a conventional Booth multiplier, demonstrating its potential for higher speed.
E011122530
This document discusses image deblurring techniques. It begins by introducing image restoration and focusing on image deblurring. It then discusses challenges with image deblurring being an ill-posed problem. It reviews existing approaches to screen image deconvolution including estimating point spread functions and iteratively estimating blur kernels and sharp images. The document also discusses handling spatially variant blur and summarizes the relationship between the proposed method and previous work for different blur types. It proposes using color filters in the aperture to exploit parallax cues for segmentation and blur estimation. Finally, it proposes moving the image sensor circularly during exposure to prevent high frequency attenuation from motion blur.
D011121524
This document describes modeling an adaptive controller for an aircraft roll control system using PID, fuzzy-PID, and genetic algorithm. It begins by introducing the aircraft roll control system and motivation for developing an adaptive controller to minimize errors from noisy analog sensor signals. It then provides the mathematical model of aircraft roll dynamics and describes modeling the real-time flight control system in MATLAB/Simulink. The document evaluates PID, fuzzy-PID, and PID-GA (genetic algorithm) controllers for aircraft roll control and finds that the PID-GA controller delivers the best performance.
More from IOSR Journals (20)
Recently uploaded
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSF
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
"Scaling RAG Applications to serve millions of users", Kevin Goedecke
How we managed to grow and scale a RAG application from zero to thousands of users in 7 months. Lessons from technical challenges around managing high load for LLMs, RAGs and Vector databases.
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
Biomedical Knowledge Graphs for Data Scientists and Bioinformaticians
Dmitrii Kamaev, PhD
Senior Product Owner - QIAGEN
A Deep Dive into ScyllaDB's Architecture
This talk will cover ScyllaDB Architecture from the cluster-level view and zoom in on data distribution and internal node architecture. In the process, we will learn the secret sauce used to get ScyllaDB's high availability and superior performance. We will also touch on the upcoming changes to ScyllaDB architecture, moving to strongly consistent metadata and tablets.
Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during Migration
Mydbops Opensource Database Meetup 16
Topic: Must-Know PostgreSQL Extensions for Developers and DBAs During Migration
Speaker: Deepak Mahto, Founder of DataCloudGaze Consulting
Date & Time: 8th June | 10 AM - 1 PM IST
Venue: Bangalore International Centre, Bangalore
Abstract: Discover how PostgreSQL extensions can be your secret weapon! This talk explores how key extensions enhance database capabilities and streamline the migration process for users moving from other relational databases like Oracle.
Key Takeaways:
* Learn about crucial extensions like oracle_fdw, pgtt, and pg_audit that ease migration complexities.
* Gain valuable strategies for implementing these extensions in PostgreSQL to achieve license freedom.
* Discover how these key extensions can empower both developers and DBAs during the migration process.
* Don't miss this chance to gain practical knowledge from an industry expert and stay updated on the latest open-source database trends.
Mydbops Managed Services specializes in taking the pain out of database management while optimizing performance. Since 2015, we have been providing top-notch support and assistance for the top three open-source databases: MySQL, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
Our team offers a wide range of services, including assistance, support, consulting, 24/7 operations, and expertise in all relevant technologies. We help organizations improve their database's performance, scalability, efficiency, and availability.
Contact us: info@mydbops.com
Visit: https://www.mydbops.com/
Follow us on LinkedIn: https://in.linkedin.com/company/mydbops
For more details and updates, please follow up the below links.
Meetup Page : https://www.meetup.com/mydbops-databa...
Twitter: https://twitter.com/mydbopsofficial
Blogs: https://www.mydbops.com/blog/
Facebook(Meta): https://www.facebook.com/mydbops/
High performance Serverless Java on AWS- GoTo Amsterdam 2024
Java is for many years one of the most popular programming languages, but it used to have hard times in the Serverless community. Java is known for its high cold start times and high memory footprint, comparing to other programming languages like Node.js and Python. In this talk I'll look at the general best practices and techniques we can use to decrease memory consumption, cold start times for Java Serverless development on AWS including GraalVM (Native Image) and AWS own offering SnapStart based on Firecracker microVM snapshot and restore and CRaC (Coordinated Restore at Checkpoint) runtime hooks. I'll also provide a lot of benchmarking on Lambda functions trying out various deployment package sizes, Lambda memory settings, Java compilation options and HTTP (a)synchronous clients and measure their impact on cold and warm start times.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...
This LF Energy webinar took place June 20, 2024. It featured:
-Alex Thornton, LF Energy
-Hallie Cramer, Google
-Daniel Roesler, UtilityAPI
-Henry Richardson, WattTime
In response to the urgency and scale required to effectively address climate change, open source solutions offer significant potential for driving innovation and progress. Currently, there is a growing demand for standardization and interoperability in energy data and modeling. Open source standards and specifications within the energy sector can also alleviate challenges associated with data fragmentation, transparency, and accessibility. At the same time, it is crucial to consider privacy and security concerns throughout the development of open source platforms.
This webinar will delve into the motivations behind establishing LF Energy’s Carbon Data Specification Consortium. It will provide an overview of the draft specifications and the ongoing progress made by the respective working groups.
Three primary specifications will be discussed:
-Discovery and client registration, emphasizing transparent processes and secure and private access
-Customer data, centering around customer tariffs, bills, energy usage, and full consumption disclosure
-Power systems data, focusing on grid data, inclusive of transmission and distribution networks, generation, intergrid power flows, and market settlement data
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...
Direct losses from downtime in 1 minute = $5-$10 thousand dollars. Reputation is priceless.
As part of the talk, we will consider the architectural strategies necessary for the development of highly loaded fintech solutions. We will focus on using queues and streaming to efficiently work and manage large amounts of data in real-time and to minimize latency.
We will focus special attention on the architectural patterns used in the design of the fintech system, microservices and event-driven architecture, which ensure scalability, fault tolerance, and consistency of the entire system.
Columbus Data & Analytics Wednesdays - June 2024
Columbus Data & Analytics Wednesdays, June 2024 with Maria Copot 20
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE Vision
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte Webinar
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
GNSS spoofing via SDR (Criptored Talks 2024)
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectors
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
Recently uploaded (20)
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSF
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSF
"Scaling RAG Applications to serve millions of users", Kevin Goedecke
"Scaling RAG Applications to serve millions of users", Kevin Goedecke
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...
9 CEO's who hit $100m ARR Share Their Top Growth Tactics Nathan Latka, Founde...
9 CEO's who hit $100m ARR Share Their Top Growth Tactics Nathan Latka, Founde...
Biomedical Knowledge Graphs for Data Scientists and Bioinformaticians
Biomedical Knowledge Graphs for Data Scientists and Bioinformaticians
Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during Migration
Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during Migration
Overcoming the PLG Trap: Lessons from Canva's Head of Sales & Head of EMEA Da...
Overcoming the PLG Trap: Lessons from Canva's Head of Sales & Head of EMEA Da...
High performance Serverless Java on AWS- GoTo Amsterdam 2024
High performance Serverless Java on AWS- GoTo Amsterdam 2024
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024
LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...
LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectors
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectors
Nordic Marketo Engage User Group_June 13_ 2024.pptx
Nordic Marketo Engage User Group_June 13_ 2024.pptx
M010527678
- 1. IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-ISSN: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 10, Issue 5, Ver. II (Sep - Oct .2015), PP 76-78 www.iosrjournals.org DOI: 10.9790/2834-10527678 www.iosrjournals.org 76 | Page Micro-controller Based Touch Switch Sairatun Nesa Soheli1 , Md. Saidur Rahman2 1 Lecturer of Electrical and Electronics Eng, IUBAT–International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh 2 Senior Lecturer of Computer Science and Eng, IUBAT–International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh Abstract: This paper presents about the micro-controller based touch switch using micro-controller chip ATMega8 based on C language and the name of this program is AVR Studio. This proposed micro-controller based touch switch is a digital switch. This system is more reliable than others. Index Item: Introduction, Block Diagram, Circuit Diagram, Circuit Description. I. Introduction Already touch switch are used in a factory or house. But that was an analog system. That is more costly. The functions of that system are more difficult and need a lot of components. But our proposed system, Micro- controller based touch switch, is possible to more than one switch to add here. That’s why, it is a digital process. In this proposed system there are some advantages- cost is low, functions are not difficult. It is suitable to utilize in household chore. II. Methodology Take the input signal by CPU. ON the load by CPU. Take the input signal again by CPU. OFF the load by CPU. III. Block Diagram The block diagram of Micro-controller Based Touch Switch shown in below:
- 2. Micro-controller Based Touch Switch DOI: 10.9790/2834-10527678 www.iosrjournals.org 77 | Page IV. Working Principle Micro-controller gets the signal from the touch point and turn ON the load by relay. Again Micro- controller gets the signal from the touch point and turn OFF the load by relay. V. Component Used Board, for making the whole system. Touch Point, for to touch whether this system is ON or OFF. 2N2222 Transistor, for amplifying the signal. Micro-controller ATMega8, for controlling the whole system of touch switch. Resistor, for reducing voltage. IC 7805, for supplying +5V as a power supply to micro-controller and other device. Relay, for handle high voltages. VI. Circuit Operation At first we select a touch “ON” point whether it is aluminum or simply a point in a board. When we touch the selected point then the signal goes to the Micro-controller input pin through the base of pnp transistor. When the signal is in the input pin of the Micro-controller then it creates +5 Volt signal. Then the +5 Volt signal go to the output pin of the Microcontroller. But from +5 Volt signal it is not possible to ON or OFF a large amount of load. So, we use here transistor as a switch. Then the +5 Volt Microcontroller goes to the base of npn transistor through resistor. On that time resistor is ON. Then we add a relay to the output of transistor. When the transistor is ON, then the relay is also ON. On that time the NO (Normally Open) terminal of the relay is close. So, the light/fan is ON. Then we touch the “OFF” point in the board. Here again create another signal. This signal goes to the input pin of the Micro-controller through the base of pnp transistor. Then again it also creates +5 Volt signal. Then this +5 Volt signal again go to the output pin of the Micro-controller for taking “OFF” the previous signal. On that time the power is OFF on the base of npn transistor. When the transistor is OFF then the relay is also OFF. On that time the NO (Normally Open) terminal of the relay is open. So, the light/fan is OFF.
- 3. Micro-controller Based Touch Switch DOI: 10.9790/2834-10527678 www.iosrjournals.org 78 | Page VII. Algorithm Step – 1 Small signal as an input for Load ON Step – 2 Input signal amplification Step – 3 CPU Step – 4 Output signal amplification Step – 5 Relay switch Step – 6 Load ON Step – 7 Small signals as an input for Load Off Step – 8 Input signal amplification Step – 9 CPU Step – 10 Output signal amplification Step – 11 Relay switch Step – 12 Load OFF VIII. Conclusion It’s a smart system to OFF or ON a load. If we use this system, it is possible to increase the stability of the light or fan. If we touch with wet hand in the touch point of the system, the possibility to get electric shock decreases. That’s why; it’s a safe system than others. IX. Future Scope It is possible from this system to control a large switch board of a large factory from small panel. We can control the system by remote control, Bluetooth and internet. It can be possible to control the load of our own house from a large distance. X. Acknowledgement This work was supported by IUBAT–International University of Business Agriculture and Technology. References [1]. http://www.atmel.com/devices/ATMEGA8. aspx [2]. http://www.ijettjournal.org/volume-4/issue-4/IJETT-V4I4P346.pdf [3]. http://www.digikey.com/en/articles/techzone/2013/ jul/microcontrollers-with-a-touch-sensing-interface [4]. http://www.eeweb.com/blog/circuit_projects/touch-sensor-project-with-avr-microcontroller [5]. https://intranet.ee.ic.ac.uk/t.clarke/ee2lab/handouts/ ARM/ARM_handout.pdf [6]. http://www.circuitstoday.com/touch-switch-circuit-using-ne-555 [7]. http://circuitdigest.com/electronic-circuits/touch-switch-circuit [8]. http://www.engineersgarage.com/contribution/touch-switch [9]. http://www.electroschematics.com/11865/ttp223-capacitive-touch-switch-circuit/ [10]. http://www.circuitstoday.com/avr-atmega8-microcontroller-an-introduction [11]. https://www.futurlec.com/Atmel/ATMEGA8.shtml