The document describes the development of an intelligent system that utilizes sensors and a 555 timer to control electrical appliances based on human presence and time of day. It outlines the main components, including PIR and LDR sensors, along with the advantages and potential applications of the system for energy conservation. The project successfully integrates various hardware features to enable automatic switching, significantly reducing power waste.

1. Electronic eye for night device switching
using 555 timer
BY
K.Ranga Uma Maheshwar Rao [107Z1A0205]
S.Yadagiri Reddy [107Z1A0240]
B.Venkanna [107Z1A0205]
T.Pavan Kishore [107Z1A0243]
Under the guidance of :
Mr Rajesh Kumar Samala
Asst.professor , nnresgi

2. CONTENTS
• ABSTRACT
• MAIN MODULES
• CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGE
• APPLICATIONS
• RESULT
• CONCLUSION
• FUTURE SCOPE
• REFERENCE
• QUIRES

3. ABSTRACT
• The aim of the project is to develop an intelligent system
which senses the person’s presence in the hall along with
day/night to switch ON/OFF the electrical appliances
• The system is designed to switch ON the electrical device if it
is night along with person’s presence in the hall.
• This will save the power wastage…

4. MAIN MODULES
 Introduction with block diagram
 Regulated power supply
 PIR sensor
Potentiometer
 LDR sensor
555 Timer
 Relay

6. Regulated power supply
The major blocks of power supply are given below
• Transformer
• Rectifier
• Filter
• 7805 voltage regulator

8. Transformer
 Transformer is a electromagnetic device which induces
the voltage due to magnetic field present between primary
and secondary windings.
 It has two windings called as primary winding and
secondary winding. We are giving input 230v input
voltage at primary side. The output of transformer is 9v(ac
only).
 In this project we are using 9v step down transformer

9. Rectifier
Rectifier is circuit which converts the ac in to dc. We have
two types of rectifier.
1. Full wave rectifier
2. Half wave rectifier
Full wave rectifier again classified as follows
1. Bridge rectifier
2. Centertapped full wave rectifier
 In this project we are using bridge rectifier because the
efficiency of the bridge rectifier is high compare to all
rectifiers.

10. Filter
• The output of rectifier is not pure DC. It may contain some
ripple components that is pulsating DC. To eliminate this
ripple components which are present in output we are using
filter.
• Filter is a circuit which is used to eliminate the
ripples present in rectified output.
• We have many types of filters.
• Most of the power supplies are using capacitor filte
• to filter out the ripples present in output.

11. Regulator
• The output of filter is not constant output voltage it will varies
according to changes in input but we want constant output
voltage. For this purpose we are using voltage regulator.
• Regulator is defined as it is a device which will maintain
constant output irrespective of changes in input.
• The most popular regulator series is 78xx series. This series
have more advantages.
• We are using 7805 voltage regulator to maintain constant 5v
output voltage irrespective of changes in input voltage.

12. PIR sensor
 PIR stands for Passive Infra-Red. A Passive Infrared sensor(PIR
sensor) is an electronic device that measures infrared (IR) light
radiating from objects in its field of view.
 PIR sensors are often used in the construction of PIR-based motion
detectors. Apparent motion is detected when an infrared source with
one temperature, such as a human, passes in front of an infrared
source with another temperature, such as a wall.
 All objects emit black body radiation. It is usually infrared radiation
that is invisible to the human eye but can be detected by electronic
devices designed for such a purpose.

13.  The built in sensor turns on/off the connected lighting load
when it detects motion in the coverage area. It has different
working principle during the day time and the night time.
 During the day, the built in photocell sensor saves electricity
by deactivating the lighting load connected to the sensor.
 During the night the connected lighting load is turned on by
adjusting the luminosity knob (LUX).
 An adjustable time knob lets you select how long the light
stays on after activation.

14.  The PIR Sensor detects motion up to 20 feet away by using a Fresnel
lens and infrared-sensitive element to detect changing patterns of
passive infrared emitted by objects in its vicinity.
 This PIR Sensor Module for human body detection is very easy to
use.
 The term passive in this instance means that the PIR device does not
emit an infrared beam but merely passively accepts incoming
infrared radiation.
 No motion detection system is perfect, but PIR sensors are by far the
most sensitive and advanced option. PIR sensor lights are ideal
additions to any home security system.

15. Features of PIR sensor
 Complete with PIR, Motion Detection IC and Fresnel Lens
 Dual Element Sensor with Low Noise and High Sensitivity
 Supply Voltage: 5-20Vdc
 Delay Time Adjustable: 5 seconds to 18 Minutes
 Standard TTL Output
 Module Dimensions: 28mm Length, 38mm Width, 40mm Height

16. Specifications of PIR sensor
 Load Wattage : Max.1000W (incandescent bulb or Max.300W
fluorescent lamp)
 Detection Area : Max. 20 meters
 Detection Angle : Max. 120º
 Time-delay : From 15 seconds to 5 minutes adjustable
 LUX control Level : From daytime to darkness adjustable
 Rated Voltage : 230V AC 50Hz

 Advantages of PIR sensor:
 No accessories required.
 Very easy to installation.

17. Applications of PIR sensor
 Common staircases.
 For parking lights.
 For garden lights.
 For changing rooms in shops.
 Alarm Systems.
 Holiday animated Props.
 Motion-activated lighting.
 For corridors & many more.

19. Potentiometer (POT)
• A potentiometer (colloquially known as a "pot") is a
three-terminal resistor with a sliding contact that
forms an adjustable voltage divider. If only two
terminals are used (one side and the wiper), it acts as
a variable resistor or rheostat.
• Potentiometers are commonly used to control
electrical devices such as volume controls on audio
equipment.
• Potentiometers operated by a mechanism can be used
as position transducers, for example, in a joystick.

20. LDR(light dependent resistor)
• LDR is one type of resistor. Depending on light falls on it the
resistance of this resistor will be varies.
• That is if light falls on LDR then the resistance will increases
and vice versa.
• In this project we are using to find the day and night to control
the street lights. At day time the light falls on LDR so
resistance increases due to this the current does not flow in the
circuit.
• At night time the light does not falls on LDR at this time the
resistance of LDR decreases due to this current flows in the
circuit. And street lights will be on.

21. • nalog Applications of LDR:
1. Camera Exposure Control
2. Photocopy Machines - density of toner
3. Colorimetric Test Equipment
4. Electronic Scales - dual cell
5. Automatic Gain Control – modulated light source
6. Automated Rear View Mirror
• Digital Applications of LDR:
1. Automatic Headlight Dimmer
2. Night Light Control
3. Oil Burner Flame Out
4. Street Light Control
5. Absence / Presence (beam breaker)
6. Position Sensor

22. • The 555 timer is an 8-pin IC that is capable of
producing accurate time delays and/or
oscillators.
• In the time delay mode, the delay is controlled
by one external resistor and capacitor.
• In the oscillator mode, the frequency of
oscillation and duty cycle are both controlled
with two external resistors and one capacitor.
• This presentation will discuss how to use a 555
timer in the oscillator mode.
22
Timer 555

23. General Configuration
• Basic connections:
– Ground
– Vcc
• Note: some 555 timers
may function at voltages
other than 5 volts.
– Reset (active low)
– Output
555.23
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
Ground
Trigger
Output
Reset
Vcc
Discharge
Threshold
Control
Inside the 555 timer, there are
equivalent of over 20 transistors, 15
resistors, and 2 diodes, depending of
the manufacturer

24. Applications using 555 timer:
- Random Flashers
- A light dimmer
- A car tachometer
- Traffic Lights
- Infra Red (IR) remote control
Some of the more attractive features
of the 555 timer are:
1) Supply voltage between 4.5 and 18
volt,
2) Supply current 3 to 6 mA
3) Rise/Fall time of 100 nSec.

25. RELAY
► Relay is an electromagnetic switch. . It consists of a coil of wire
surrounding a soft iron core, an iron yoke, which provides a low
reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable iron armature, and a
set, or sets, of contacts; two in the relay pictured. The armature is
hinged to the yoke and mechanically linked to a moving contact or
contacts.
► When an electric current is passed through the coil, the resulting
magnetic field attracts the armature and the consequent movement
of the movable contact or contacts either makes or breaks a
connection with a fixed contact.
Relay Driver

26. RELAY CIRCUIT

27. Applications of relays:
 Control a high-voltage circuit with a low-voltage signal, as in
some types of modems or audio amplifiers.
 Control a high-current circuit with a low-current signal, as in
the starter solenoid of an automobile.
 Detect and isolate faults on transmission and distribution lines
by opening and closing circuit breakers (protection relays).

29. Advantages:
•Controlling the status of different electrical appliances
•Live detection of human presence using PIR sensor.
•LDR sensor based day or night light detection.
•Low power consumption.
•Reliable for industrial and domestic needs
•This system helps in energy conservation.
•This system eliminates manual switching of devices.
•Efficient and low cost design.
•Low power consumption.
Advantages &disadvantages

30. Applications:
•This system can be used in corporate sectors where lots of
energy is wasted.
•To save power in waiting halls.
Disadvantages:
•This system requires periodic monitoring and maintenance.
•PIR sensor takes some time to sense person presence.
•PIR sensor doesn’t respond when the person is in standby
position

31. Result:
The project “Electronic eye for night device switching using
555 timer” was designed such that the devices are
controlled based on PIR sensor and LDR
senor used as inputs. These sensors are capable of sensing the
presence of human being and post the same to the 555 timer
IC to control the devices like lights, fans etc..,.

32. Conclusion:
Integrating features of all the hardware components used
have been developed in it. Presence of every module has
been reasoned out and placed carefully, thus contributing to the best
working of the unit. Secondly, using highly advanced IC’s
with the help of growing technology, the project has been successfully
implemented. Thus the project has been successfully designed
and tested.

33. Future scope of this project
• By using this project we can save more power. That is we can
reduce the wastage of power.
• Here no need of man. The circuit itself checks the presence of
vehicle and also checks whether it is day or night time. Once
we switch on the circuit it automatically performs all this
actions without man handling.
• At night time also whenever vehicle comes at that time only
light brightness increases after few seconds it will come to
normal position that is decreases light brightness.
• It is the most advantage of this project. For these all reasons in
future this project may be used in all streets to save power.

34. REFERENCES
The sites which were used while doing this project:
www.wikipedia.com
www.electronicforu.com
www.allaboutcircuits.com

36. Our first success team work