Presented by Andy Sutton, Principal Network Architect - Chief Architect’s Office, TSO, BT at IET "Towards 5G Mobile Technology – Vision to Reality" seminar on 25th Jan 2017
Shared with permission
This slide for your understanding on LTE !
LTE, the wireless access protocol for 4G mobile network service, has evolved from GSM and WCDMA based on 3GPP!
The contents of this slide is below;
I. LTE Introduction
II. LTE Protocol Layer
III. SAE Architecture
IV. NAS(Non Access Stratum) Protocols
V. EPC Protocol Stacks
With my regards,
Guisun Han
Setting off the 5G Advanced evolution with 3GPP Release 18Qualcomm Research
In December 2021, 3GPP has reached a consensus on the scope of 5G NR Release 18. This is a significant milestone marking the beginning of 5G Advanced — the second wave of wireless innovations that will fulfill the 5G vision. Release 18 will build on the solid foundation set by Releases 15, 16, and 17, and it sets the longer-term evolution direction of 5G and beyond. This release will encompass a wide range of new and enhancement projects, ranging from improved MIMO and application of AI/ML-enabled air interface to extended reality optimizations and broader IoT support.
Presented by Andy Sutton, Principal Network Architect - Chief Architect’s Office, TSO, BT at IET "Towards 5G Mobile Technology – Vision to Reality" seminar on 25th Jan 2017
Shared with permission
This slide for your understanding on LTE !
LTE, the wireless access protocol for 4G mobile network service, has evolved from GSM and WCDMA based on 3GPP!
The contents of this slide is below;
I. LTE Introduction
II. LTE Protocol Layer
III. SAE Architecture
IV. NAS(Non Access Stratum) Protocols
V. EPC Protocol Stacks
With my regards,
Guisun Han
Setting off the 5G Advanced evolution with 3GPP Release 18Qualcomm Research
In December 2021, 3GPP has reached a consensus on the scope of 5G NR Release 18. This is a significant milestone marking the beginning of 5G Advanced — the second wave of wireless innovations that will fulfill the 5G vision. Release 18 will build on the solid foundation set by Releases 15, 16, and 17, and it sets the longer-term evolution direction of 5G and beyond. This release will encompass a wide range of new and enhancement projects, ranging from improved MIMO and application of AI/ML-enabled air interface to extended reality optimizations and broader IoT support.
Part 6: Standalone and Non-Standalone 5G - 5G for Absolute Beginners3G4G
An introductory training on 5G for newbies available on Udemy - http://bit.ly/udemy5G
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
5G Network Architecture, Design and Optimisation3G4G
Presented by Prof. Andy Sutton, Principal Network Architect, Architecture & Strategy, TSO, BT at The IET '5G - State of Play' conference on 24th January 2018
*** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
Massive MIMO Channel Calibration in TDD Wireless NetworksXiao-an Wang
Massive MIMO in TDD wireless networks depends crucially on channel reciprocity, which can be established by calibration. Existing calibration approaches, however, have been proven to be impractical for deployment in 5G NR and 802.11. This presentation introduces terminal-assisted calibration, which is shown to overcome the drawbacks of existing approaches and to enable various massive MIMO modes in 5G NR and 802.11.
In this paper, we discussed about LTE system throughput calculation for both TDD and FDD system.
3GPP LTE technology support both TDD and FDD multiplexing. The paper describes all the factors which affect the throughput like Bandwidth, Modulation, UE category and mulplexing. It also describes how we get throughput 300Mbps in DL and 75Mbps in UL and what are assumptions taken to calculate the same.
Paper describes the steps and formulae to calculate the throughput for FDD system for TDD Config 1 and Config 2.
The throughput calculations shown in this paper is theoretical and limited by the assumptions taken to calculate for calculations
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM uses a large number of narrow sub-carriers for multi-carrier transmission to overcome the effect of multi path fading problem. LTE uses OFDM for the downlink, from base station to terminal to transmit the data over many narrow band careers of 180 KHz each instead of spreading one signal over the complete 5MHz career bandwidth. OFDM meets the LTE requirement for spectrum flexibility and enables cost-efficient solutions for very wide carriers with high peak rates.
The primary advantage of OFDM over single-carrier schemes is its ability to cope with severe channel conditions. Channel equalization is simplified. The low symbol rate makes the use of a guard interval between symbols affordable, making it possible to eliminate inter symbol interference (ISI).
What is 5G NR all about? Check out this presentation to see all the key design components of this new unifying air interface for the next decade and beyond.
5G Interview Questions: 50 Questions on Spectrum3G4G
These slides are for information purposes only. The questions asked in this has been covered in other tutorials and opinion videos. The latest PDF version of this document can be downloaded from here: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/5Gtech_Interview0001_Spectrum.pdf
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
3G is the next generation of technology which has revolutionized the telecommunication industry. Apart from increasing the speed of communication, the objective of this technology is to provide various value-added services like video calling, live streaming, mobile internet access, IPTV, etc on the mobile phones. These services are possible because the 3G spectrum provides the necessary bandwidth.
Part 6: Standalone and Non-Standalone 5G - 5G for Absolute Beginners3G4G
An introductory training on 5G for newbies available on Udemy - http://bit.ly/udemy5G
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
5G Network Architecture, Design and Optimisation3G4G
Presented by Prof. Andy Sutton, Principal Network Architect, Architecture & Strategy, TSO, BT at The IET '5G - State of Play' conference on 24th January 2018
*** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
Massive MIMO Channel Calibration in TDD Wireless NetworksXiao-an Wang
Massive MIMO in TDD wireless networks depends crucially on channel reciprocity, which can be established by calibration. Existing calibration approaches, however, have been proven to be impractical for deployment in 5G NR and 802.11. This presentation introduces terminal-assisted calibration, which is shown to overcome the drawbacks of existing approaches and to enable various massive MIMO modes in 5G NR and 802.11.
In this paper, we discussed about LTE system throughput calculation for both TDD and FDD system.
3GPP LTE technology support both TDD and FDD multiplexing. The paper describes all the factors which affect the throughput like Bandwidth, Modulation, UE category and mulplexing. It also describes how we get throughput 300Mbps in DL and 75Mbps in UL and what are assumptions taken to calculate the same.
Paper describes the steps and formulae to calculate the throughput for FDD system for TDD Config 1 and Config 2.
The throughput calculations shown in this paper is theoretical and limited by the assumptions taken to calculate for calculations
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM uses a large number of narrow sub-carriers for multi-carrier transmission to overcome the effect of multi path fading problem. LTE uses OFDM for the downlink, from base station to terminal to transmit the data over many narrow band careers of 180 KHz each instead of spreading one signal over the complete 5MHz career bandwidth. OFDM meets the LTE requirement for spectrum flexibility and enables cost-efficient solutions for very wide carriers with high peak rates.
The primary advantage of OFDM over single-carrier schemes is its ability to cope with severe channel conditions. Channel equalization is simplified. The low symbol rate makes the use of a guard interval between symbols affordable, making it possible to eliminate inter symbol interference (ISI).
What is 5G NR all about? Check out this presentation to see all the key design components of this new unifying air interface for the next decade and beyond.
5G Interview Questions: 50 Questions on Spectrum3G4G
These slides are for information purposes only. The questions asked in this has been covered in other tutorials and opinion videos. The latest PDF version of this document can be downloaded from here: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/5Gtech_Interview0001_Spectrum.pdf
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
3G is the next generation of technology which has revolutionized the telecommunication industry. Apart from increasing the speed of communication, the objective of this technology is to provide various value-added services like video calling, live streaming, mobile internet access, IPTV, etc on the mobile phones. These services are possible because the 3G spectrum provides the necessary bandwidth.
Introduction to differential signal -For RF and EMC engineercriterion123
It describes :
1. What is the advantages of differential signal
2. What should you pay attention to differential signal
3. What should you pay attention to the bend of differential
signal
4. What should you pay attention to the EMI filter
5. What should you pay attention to ground plane
6. What should you pay attention to loop area
Fast fading, Slow fading and Multipath effect in wireless communicationsPei-Che Chang
Fast fading, Slow fading and multipath effect in wireless communications
QPSK in AWGN channel
QPSK in AWGN + Rayleigh fading channel
using GNU Octave simulation
Sensitivity or selectivity - How does eLNA impact the receriver performancecriterion123
it describes
1. Why need external LNA ?
2. Why does poor linearity lead to poor sensitivity ?
3. For the eLNA gain, the more the better ?
4. Why can SAW filter improve linearity ?
Why to do single-tone desense test ?
What is cross modulation ?
what's the difference between cross modulation and intermodulation ?
what is triple beat ?
LTE stands for Long term evolution.
Next Generation mobile broad band technology.
Commonly referred as 4G LTE,is a standard for wireless communication of high speed data for mobile phones and data terminals .
It is based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies, increasing the capacity and speed using a different radio interface together with core network improvements.
LTE is the new standard for nationwide public safety broadband.
This tutorial has been designed for audiences with a need to understand the LTE technology basics in very simple terms. This tutorial will give you enough understanding on LTE technology from where you can take yourself at higher level of expertise.
This is work done by MURTADHA ALI NSAIF SHUKUR student at MMU Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India. With the help my teacher ( Dr.H.P.Sinha HOD (ECE) ) thank for Dr. H.P. sinha and all my teachers for help me. thank you
Ghhh hi nahi hai to me bhi hai to me bhi hai to me bhi hai to me bhi hai to me bhi hai to me bhi thik n i a good idea to me in my name is Sam ko bhi nahi to kya kar Raha ho kya baat kya kar Raha h or not sapre for the roots the sum temp 10 j n a b b e r and c j i 1 j i 1 j t ptr i rammmk the value of the value of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of r i 1 void the value of the value one by 2 result of the day 7yu7u9 the value of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of the day of divisors the sum sum rev rem 10 j i n a i 1 void addc1 a good time in. Black girl of divisors are not sapre of r i j n a b and equal in dignity and c j i 1 void the check in my name is the day of divisors the day of r c 2 a b c d e f g h I j k l m a good day of the year ree Fire is the ultimate survival shooter game available on mobile. Each 10-minute game places you on a remote island where you are pit against 49 other players, all seeking survival. Players freely choose their starting point with their parachute, and aim to stay in the safe zone for as long as possible.
https://m.imdb.com › title › plotsum...
Plot Summary - Free Fire (Videoree Fire is the ultimate survival shooter game available on mobile. Each 10-minute game places you on a remote island where you are pit against 49 other players, all seeking survival. Players freely choose their starting point with their parachute, and aim to stay in the safe zone for as long as possible.
https://m.imdb.com › title › plotsum...
Plot Summary - Free Fire (Videoree Fire is the ultimate survival shooter game available on mobile. Each 10-minute game places you on a remote island where you are pit against 49 other players, all seeking survival. Players freely choose their starting point with their parachute, and aim to stay in the safe zone for as long as possible.
https://m.imdb.com › title › plotsum...
Plot Summary - Free Fire (Videoree Fire is the ultimate survival shooter game available on mobile. Each 10-minute game places you on a remote island where you are pit against 49 other players, all seeking survival. Players freely choose their starting point with their parachute, and aim to stay in the safe zone for as long as possible.
https://m.imdb.com › title › plotsum...
Plot Summary - Free Fire (Videoree Fire is the ultimate survival shooter game available on mobile. Each 10-minute game places you on a remote island where you are pit against 49 other players, all seeking survival. Players freely choose their starting point with their parachute, and aim to stay in the safe zone for as long as possible.
https://m.imdb.com › title › plotsum...
Plot Summary - Free Fire (Videoree Fire is the ultimate survival shooter game available on mobile. Each 10-minute game places you o
Our ultimate goal is to communicate with any type of information with anyone, at anytime, from anywhere. This is possible with the aid of WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY.
4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to 3G and 2G technologies. 4G will be Convergence Platform providing clear advantages in terms of Coverage, Bandwidth, Power Consumption, variety Services ranging from Pop-Up advertisements to Location-Based services and IP Data casting ones.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
2. CONTENTS
1.What is 4G?
2.What are the features of 4G and its different types in commercial market
3.What is LTE?
4.What are the different techniques used in LTE?
5.What are the different types of LTE?
6.What are the different calling procedures in LTE?
7.LTE Advanced
8.Disadvantages
9.Conclusion
3. 4G(ideal):
• 4G abbreviated for fourth generation of mobile communication
is the latest commercial mobile communication technique.
• This technology allows the user to have access over mobile
web, Gaming services, HD mobile TV, Video conferencing, 3D
television and many more applications.
• The basic features of the 4G as proposed by ITU(INTERNATIONAL
TELECOMMUNICATION UNION) are described below:
1.Be based on an all-IP packet switched network.
2.Be able to dynamically share and use the network resources to support more
simultaneous users per cell.
3.Use scale-able channel bandwidths of 5–20 MHz, optionally up to 40 MHz
(contd...)
4. 4.Have peak link spectral effeciency of 15-bit/s/Hz in the downlink, and 6.75-
bit/s/Hz in the uplink (meaning that 1 Gb/s in the downlink should be possible
over less than 67 MHz bandwidth).
5.Smooth handovers across heterogeneous networks.
6.The ability to offer high quality of service for next generation multimedia
support.
• Originally ITU described 4G as network that could provide a
service of 100 Megabits/second for travelling users and a speed
of 1 Gigabits/second while in case of a stationary users.
• This was proposed because unlike it’s older entries 4G uses
completely wireless systems and internet protocols hence it and
moreover 3G provided a speed of 37 Mbps in travelling mode and
337 Mbps in a stationary mode.
• Hence many companies and organizations came up with the
apparatus or the techniques that could achieve the mentioned
speed as told or stated by ITU and this led to the introduction
of two different methods
1.Wimax(802.16m standardized by IEEE)
2.LTE(3GPP)
5. Data transfer speed of different
generation of mobile network
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
2G
3G
4G
Theoritival value #REF! Practical value
6. What is LTE?
• LTE is the abbreviated form for Long Term Evolution.
• It was developed by the organization 3GPP in order to meet the standards set by ITU for 4G
technology
• Even though it did not meet the requirements of ITU standards it is commercially
manufactured as 4G due to the development of WiMAX and market pressure
• LTE is based on the combination of UMTS and GSM and is at a far greater rate then these
two in terms of transfer speed.
GOAL:
“The goal of LTE was to increase the capacity and speed of wireless data networks using
new digital signal processing techniques and modulations that were developed around the turn
of the millennium. A further goal was the redesign and simplification of the network
architecture to an IP-based system with significantly reduced transfer latency compared to the
3G architecture. The LTE wireless interface is incompatible with 2G and 3G networks, so that it
must be operated on a separate radio spectrum”
7. CODE RED: Countries with commercial LTE service
CODE DARK BLUE: Countries with commercial LTE network deployment on-going
or planned
CODE LIGHT BLUE: Countries with LTE trial systems (pre-commitment)
CODE GREY:None
Among all the countries around the world South Korea is leading in the usage of 4G LTE commercial
network
8. What are the different techniques used in LTE?
• OFDMA (Orthogonal frequency division multiple access)
• SCFDMA(Single Carrier frequency division multiple access)
OFDMA:
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) is a multi-user version of the popular orthogonal
frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) digital modulation scheme. Multiple access is achieved in OFDMA by assigning
subsets of subcarriers to individual users . This allows simultaneous low data rate transmission from several users.
9. Difference between OFDMA and SCFDMA:
• So the data transferred through
sc-fdma is more reliable since it uses
only a single frequency and does not
overlap with other frequencies
10. What are the various types of LTE?
LTE is broadly classified into two types:
• LTE FDD
• LTE TDD
LTE FDD:
1. There are paired frequencies for both upload and
download functions.
2. This helps us to perform both the tasks simultaneously
without any interference.
3. This method can only be used at lower frequencies.
11. LTE TDD:
1. In this method a single frequency is used to transfer
data i.e. a kind of time division multiplexing is being
used in this method.
2. The time measurement can be changed depending
upon the requirement of the work i.e.
Download speed is more
required or upload speed.
3. This method is suitable only for
higher frequencies
4. This method is more cheaper and Less traffic
consuming.
13. LTE Direct:
• New technology based on LTE
• Device to device connection is
possible
• Enables system detection
approximately 500 meteres
• It was recently used in
POKEMON GO
• “LTE is the sixth sense that is
always aware of the environment
around it”
14. What are the different calling procedures in LTE?
• Volte(Voice Over LTE)
• CSFB(Circuit Switched Feedback)
• SVLTE(Simultaneous Voice and LTE)
1.Of all these techniques Volte is more used in commercial usage because it allows us to
quickly change the protocols from LTE to HSPA in case of a poor signal on LTE
2.Moreover HD calling is also enabled on Volte, given that both the handsets contain
this facility.
15.
16. LTE Advanced:
Due to further increase in the technology development a new version of LTE was proposed which
when combined with other small elements can reach the parameters stated by ITU FOR 4G.
This led to the introduction of LTE+ in recent smart phones but their cost being high.
Disadvantages:
Even though 4G seems to be on the bright side there are a few disadvantages:
1.Since the previous generations were circuit based o there is a necessity in the future to remove all of
them and this is a very costly affair
2.Moreover the battery consumption is very high
17. Conclusi0n:
Thus the LTE technology has surpassed its previous generations and is now
ruling over the mobile communication and it is not so far that 5G is going to
come into play.
-Kaishik Gundu
1140240
EC-3