4G is the fourth generation of mobile phone communications standards that provides high-speed internet access to devices like laptops and smartphones. In 2008, the International Telecommunications Union specified requirements for 4G standards, called IMT-Advanced, which include peak data rates of 100 Mbps for high mobility and 1 Gbps for low mobility. Key technologies that enable 4G include LTE, WiMAX, OFDMA, and MIMO.

1. BY
FEMINA THOMAS
ROLL NO: 120001800696

2.  In telecommunications, 4G is the fourth generation of mobile phone
communications standards.
 In March 2008, the International Telecommunications Union-Radio
communications sector(ITU-R) specified a set of requirements for 4G
standards, named the International Mobile Telecommunications
Advanced(IMT-Advanced) specification.
 The based features of 4G are WiMAX, LTE.
 4G provides mobile ultra-broadband Internet access, to laptops, to
Smartphone.
 4G is based on IP Telephony, OFDMA, Multiplexing and access
schemes, advanced antenna systems for MIMO.
 The word ‘MAGIC’ also refers to 4G technology which stands for
Mobile Multimedia.

3.  The International Telecommunication Union, originally founded as the
International Telegraph Union, is a specialized agency of the United
Nations which is responsible for information and communication
technologies.
 ITU is based in Geneva, Switzerland, is a member of the United Nations
Development Group and its membership includes 193 Member States and
around 700 Sector Members and Associates.
 The ITU comprises three sectors
• Radio communication (ITU-R)
• Standardization (ITU-T)
• Development (ITU-D)

4. 0G
1G
2G
3G
4G
5G
Also known as Mobile
Radio Telephone used in
cards and trucks, before
70’s.
In 70’s, first generation of
wireless telephones, used
analog signals. Voice only.
In 90’s, second generation
wireless telephone; digital
signals, for voice and SMS
services.
In 2000’s, also called Tri-
Band 3G. Provides Mobile
TV, Video Conferencing,
GPS.
Today, provides IP tele-
phony, high speed, voice,
video, wireless internet.
Since 2011, major phase of
mobile telecommunication
beyond 4G.

5. ITU-R defined some requirements for an IMT-Advanced cellular
system that lead into 4G system, like:
 Be based on an all-IP packet switched network.
 Have peak data rates : 100 Mbit/s for high mobility, 1Gbit/s for low
mobility.
 Be able to dynamically share and use the network resources.
 Using scalable channel bandwidths of 5-20 MHz
 Have peak link spectral efficiency.
 System spectral efficiency.
 Have high quality of service for next generation multimedia support.

6. In March 2008, the International Telecommunications Union-Radio(ITU-
R) specified a set of requirements for 4G standards, named the
International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced(IMT-Advanced).
4G is only a standard established by ITU, same as that of IMT-Advanced.
4G is a name followed by the order of wireless telecommunications.
Features
1. Support interactive multimedia, voice, video, wireless internet and
other broadband services.
2. High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit.
3. Global mobility, service portability, scalable mobile networks.
4. Seamless switching, variety of services based on Quality of
Service(Qos) requirements.
5. Better scheduling and call admission control techniques.
6. Ad hoc networks and multi-hop networks.

7. 4G is a multi purpose and versatile technology. Main based technologies
of 4G are WiMAX and LTE. Others are OFDM, UMTS, SDR, MIMO,
TD-SCDMA.
1. WiMAX – Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access
 WiMAX is a wireless communications standard designed to provide
30 to 40 megabit-per-second data rates.
 Created by WiMAX Forum, describes as “ a standards-based
technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband
access as an alternative to cable and DSL ”.
 Provide at-home or mobile Internet access across whole cities or
countries and high speed of data transfer rate.
 Diminishes fears of lower bandwidth, narrow spectrum and amount of
data send/receive.

8. 2. LTE – Long Term Evolution
 LTE is a standard for wireless communication of high-speed data
for mobile phones and data terminals and Internet facility.
 It is based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network
technologies.
3. CDMA – Code Division Multiple Access
 CDMA is a channel access method used by various radio
communication technologies.
 Allowing several transmitters to send information simultaneously
over a single communication channel.
 Employs spread-spectrum technology: methods by which a signal
generated with a particular bandwidth is deliberately spread in the
frequency domain, resulting in a signal with a wider bandwidth.

9. 4. UMTS – Universal Mobile Telecommunication Service
 UMTS is a third generation mobile cellular system for networks based
on the GSM standard. UMTS is a component of the International
Telecommunications Union.
 UMTS uses Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA)
radio access technology to offer greater spectral efficiency and
bandwidth to mobile network operators.
 Also referred to as Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access (FOMA) or
3GSM.
 This broadband technology transfers data in the form of frames or
packets. Hence it is capable of carrying voice, video, text and other
types of multimedia datagram with the speed of 2Mb.
5. OFDM - Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
 OFDM is a method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier
frequencies. OFDM has developed into a popular scheme for wideband
digital communication, whether wireless or over copper wires.

10. Used in applications such as digital television and audio broadcasting,
DSL broadband internet access, wireless networks, and 4G mobile
communications.
To minimize the intervention among symbols and channels associated to
data streaming.
6. SDR – Software Defined Radio
 Software Defined Radio(SDR) is only a radio in which the operating
parameters including inter alia frequency range, modulation type,
and/or output power limitations can be set or altered by software.
 Therefore, SDR is just one of the implemental modules of the OWA
system.
 OWA to ensure the single terminal can seamlessly and automatically
connect to the local high-speed wireless access systems when the
users are in the offices, homes, airports or shopping centers where the
wireless access networks are available.

11. Advantages
* Greatly increase the spectrum efficiency
* Mostly ensure the highest data-rate to the wireless terminal
* Best share the network resources and channel utilization
* Optimally manage the service quality and multimedia
applications.
7. MIMO - multiple-input and multiple-output
 MIMO is the use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter and
receiver to improve communication performance. It is one of several
forms of smart antenna technology.
 The reliability in transmitting high speed data can be improved by
using more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver. This is called
transmit or receive diversity.
 It provides high rate, high reliability and long range communications.

12. 8. IPv6 - Internet Protocol version 6
 IPv6 is the latest revision of the Internet Protocol (IP), the primary
communications protocol upon which the entire Internet is built.
 IPv6 replaced IPv4, which uses 32-bit addresses, while IPv6 use 128-
bit addresses.
 4G uses IP telephony or Voice over IP (VoIP), where
telecommunications through internet rather than Public Switched
Telephone Network(PSTN).
 Circuit switching is a methodology of implementing a
telecommunications network in which two network nodes establish a
dedicated communications channel (circuit) through the network
before the nodes may communicate.
 Packet switching is a digital networking communications method that
groups all transmitted data – regardless of content, type, or structure –
into suitably sized blocks, called packets.
 Circuit switching is characterized by a fee per time unit of connection
time, even when no data is transferred, while Packet switching is
characterized by a fee per unit of information.

13. Category Data Rates
1G 9.6 – 14.4 Kbps
2G 9.6 – 115 Kbps
3G 36 – 614 Kbps
4G 20 – 40 Mbps
Data transfer rate is the average number of bits, characters, or blocks per
unit time passing between equipment in a data transmission system.

14. Basis 3G 4G
Peak Upload Rate: 50 Mbit/s 500 Mbit/s
Peak Download Rate: 100 Mbit/s 1 Gbit/s
Switching Technique:
Circuit and packet
switching
Packet switching,
message switching
Technologies UMTS, W-CDMA, CDMA WiMAX, LTE
Frequency band
1.8 – 2.5GHz 2 – 8GHz
Network Architecture: Wide Area Cell Based
Integration of wireless
LAN and Wide area.
(OWA)

15. IN INDIA
o Bharti Airtel is the only 4G service provider in the country
o By the end of 2014, Airtel will assume full ownership and financial
responsibility for 4G operations in Delhi, Haryana, Kerala, Mumbai.
o BSNL has introduced India’s first 4G High-Speed WiMAX
Technology.

16. 4G is wireless telecommunication network which provides high rate,
reliable data and high speed internet facility.
4G is based on the technology WiMAX, LTE.
4G is the major phase of telecommunication introduced by ITU.
4G is the successor of 3G,2G,1G,0G.