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LTE AND ITS
EVOLUTION
By
Jeevan Prakash-Mtech(1311EE05)
Motivation for LTE
 Need to ensure the continuity of
competitiveness of the 3G system for the
future.
 User demand for higher data rates and quality
of service.
 Packet switch optimized system.
 Continued demand for cost reduction(CAPEX
and OPEX)
 Low complexity.
LTE Overview
Fig1: GSM to LTE
Fig: Circuit and
packet domains
LTE evolution
Fig3: LTE and its Evolution
Transmission Technologies
 Downlink --- OFDMA
 Uplink--- SC-FDMA
Fig4: OFDMA and SCFDMA
Channel Dependent Scheduling
 Channel-dependent scheduling in a mobile-
communication system deals with the question of how
to share, between different users (different terminals),
the radio resource(s) available in the system to achieve
as efficient resource utilization as possible.
Fig5: Downlink
channel-dependent
scheduling in the
time and frequency
domains
ICIC-InterCell Interference
Coordination
 LTE is designed for frequency reuse 1 (To
maximize spectrum efficiency), which means
that all the neighbor cells are using same
frequency channels and therefore there is no
cell-planning to deal with the interference
issues.
 There is a high probability that a resource
block scheduled to cell edge user, is also
being transmitted by neighbor cell, resulting in
high interference, eventually low throughput or
call drops. Fig6: ICIC
ICIC- Cont.
 The LTE specification includes several
messages that can be communicated between
eNodeBs using the X2 interface.
Fig7: X2 and s1 interface
Hybrid ARQ
 Hybrid automatic repeat request (hybrid ARQ
or HARQ) is a combination of high-rate
forward error-correcting coding and ARQ error-
control.
 In practice, incorrectly received coded data
blocks are often stored at the receiver rather
than discarded, and when the retransmitted
block is received, the two blocks are
combined. This is called Hybrid ARQ with soft
combining
Multi Antenna Support
 MIMO is used to increase the overall bitrate.
Fig8: Multiple antennas
Spectrum Flexibility
 LTE supports both FDD and TDD within a single
radio-access technology, leading to a minimum
of deviation between FDD and TDD for LTE-
based radio access.
 Half-duplex FDD reduces terminal complexity as
no duplex filter is needed in the terminal.
Fig9:
Frequency-
and time-
division
duplex
 Increased peak data rate, DL 3 Gbps, UL 1.5
Gbps
 Higher spectral efficiency, from a maximum of
16bps/Hz in R8 to 30 bps/Hz in R10
 Increased number of simultaneously active
subscribers
 Improved performance at cell edges, e.g. for
DL 2x2 MIMO at least 2.40 bps/Hz/cell.
Multi Antenna Transmission
Carrier Aggregation
 To increase the capacity-increase the bandwidth
 Bandwidth can be extended by carrier aggregation
 Multiple component carriers are aggregated and jointly
used for transmission to/from a single terminal
Fig10: Carrier
aggregation
Cont..
 Using contiguous component carriers within
the same operating frequency band called
intra-band contiguous.
Fig11: Carrier aggregation-intra and inter bands
Relaying
 Relaying implies that the terminal
communicates with the network via a relay
node that is wirelessly connected to a donor
cell using the LTE radio-interface technology.
Fig12: Example of
Relaying
References
 4G LTE/LTE ADVANCED FOR MOBILE
BROADBAND by Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall,
and Johan Sköld, Elsevier press,2011
 http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-
acronyms/100-the-evolved-packet-core
 http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-
acronyms/98-lte
 http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-
acronyms/97-lte-advanced
 http://3gppltee.blogspot.in/2012/09/what-is-icic-
inter-cell-interference.html
Thank you

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LTE and Its Evolution

  • 1. LTE AND ITS EVOLUTION By Jeevan Prakash-Mtech(1311EE05)
  • 2. Motivation for LTE  Need to ensure the continuity of competitiveness of the 3G system for the future.  User demand for higher data rates and quality of service.  Packet switch optimized system.  Continued demand for cost reduction(CAPEX and OPEX)  Low complexity.
  • 3. LTE Overview Fig1: GSM to LTE Fig: Circuit and packet domains
  • 4. LTE evolution Fig3: LTE and its Evolution
  • 5. Transmission Technologies  Downlink --- OFDMA  Uplink--- SC-FDMA Fig4: OFDMA and SCFDMA
  • 6. Channel Dependent Scheduling  Channel-dependent scheduling in a mobile- communication system deals with the question of how to share, between different users (different terminals), the radio resource(s) available in the system to achieve as efficient resource utilization as possible. Fig5: Downlink channel-dependent scheduling in the time and frequency domains
  • 7. ICIC-InterCell Interference Coordination  LTE is designed for frequency reuse 1 (To maximize spectrum efficiency), which means that all the neighbor cells are using same frequency channels and therefore there is no cell-planning to deal with the interference issues.  There is a high probability that a resource block scheduled to cell edge user, is also being transmitted by neighbor cell, resulting in high interference, eventually low throughput or call drops. Fig6: ICIC
  • 8. ICIC- Cont.  The LTE specification includes several messages that can be communicated between eNodeBs using the X2 interface. Fig7: X2 and s1 interface
  • 9. Hybrid ARQ  Hybrid automatic repeat request (hybrid ARQ or HARQ) is a combination of high-rate forward error-correcting coding and ARQ error- control.  In practice, incorrectly received coded data blocks are often stored at the receiver rather than discarded, and when the retransmitted block is received, the two blocks are combined. This is called Hybrid ARQ with soft combining
  • 10. Multi Antenna Support  MIMO is used to increase the overall bitrate. Fig8: Multiple antennas
  • 11. Spectrum Flexibility  LTE supports both FDD and TDD within a single radio-access technology, leading to a minimum of deviation between FDD and TDD for LTE- based radio access.  Half-duplex FDD reduces terminal complexity as no duplex filter is needed in the terminal. Fig9: Frequency- and time- division duplex
  • 12.  Increased peak data rate, DL 3 Gbps, UL 1.5 Gbps  Higher spectral efficiency, from a maximum of 16bps/Hz in R8 to 30 bps/Hz in R10  Increased number of simultaneously active subscribers  Improved performance at cell edges, e.g. for DL 2x2 MIMO at least 2.40 bps/Hz/cell.
  • 14. Carrier Aggregation  To increase the capacity-increase the bandwidth  Bandwidth can be extended by carrier aggregation  Multiple component carriers are aggregated and jointly used for transmission to/from a single terminal Fig10: Carrier aggregation
  • 15. Cont..  Using contiguous component carriers within the same operating frequency band called intra-band contiguous. Fig11: Carrier aggregation-intra and inter bands
  • 16. Relaying  Relaying implies that the terminal communicates with the network via a relay node that is wirelessly connected to a donor cell using the LTE radio-interface technology. Fig12: Example of Relaying
  • 17.
  • 18. References  4G LTE/LTE ADVANCED FOR MOBILE BROADBAND by Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, and Johan Sköld, Elsevier press,2011  http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords- acronyms/100-the-evolved-packet-core  http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords- acronyms/98-lte  http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords- acronyms/97-lte-advanced  http://3gppltee.blogspot.in/2012/09/what-is-icic- inter-cell-interference.html