Performance Evaluation of PAPR Reduction with SER and BER by Modified Clippin...ijcsse
This paper work focuses on performance analysis of PAPR reduction of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) using amplitude clipping & filtering based design. Now a days one of the most proficient multi-carrier transmission techniques widely used today is orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) which has been implemented by the next generation wireless communication technology: Long Term Evolution (LTE). Extra robustness to multipath fading and impulse noise is provided OFDM. It eliminates inter symbol interference (ISI) & inter carrier interference (ICI) with certain procedure. Therefore peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is the basic problem with OFDM. However in this paper we proposed a reduction procedure of the PAPR by using clipping and filtering. Here we use a composed high pass , low pass & Chevyshev band pass filter II after amplitude clipping to reduce the PAPR. The performance of the system in terms of bit error rate (BER) and symbol error rate (SER) is also investigated as a new filter based clipping method is proposed. Our proposed clipping method with and composed high pass the Chevyshev bandpass filter II in PAPR performance of the system with a little compromise of BER & SER showing the significant improvement in Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM).
RECONFIGURABLE OPTICAL ADD AND DROP MULTIPLEXERS A REVIEWecijjournal
Optical multiplexing is the key function of a WDM network and reliable method for data transport networks. WDM networks configured as rings/mesh along with Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers supports added flexibility, simplicity and augment the spectral efficiency. Further enhancement achieved with Reconfigurable OADM architectures, growing briskly along with automatic network management, let the transport network to acclimatize with dynamically varying environment and flexibly respond to the transport network changes. It permits single or many wavelengths to be added and/or dropped from a
transport fiber without optical-to-electrical-to-optical domain translation. Presently ROADM technology
has revolutionized optical networking and an inseparable part of modern optical communication offering huge bandwidth for data transport at minimum expense. In this view the article presents comprehensive study for numerous generations of ROADM and their architecture and persistent development
Performance comparison of two clipping based filtering methods for papr reduc...ijmnct
The growth of wireless communication technologies has been producing the intense demand for high-speed,
efficient, reliable voice & data communication. As a result, third generation partnership project (3GPP)
has implemented next generation wireless communication technology long term evolution (LTE) which is
designed to increase the capacity and speed of existing mobile telephone & data networks. LTE has
adopted a multicarrier transmission technique known as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
(OFDM). OFDM meets the LTE requirement for spectrum flexibility and enables cost-efficient solutions for
very wide carriers. One major generic problem of OFDM technique is high peak to average power ratio
(PAPR) which is defined as the ratio of the peak power to the average power of the OFDM signal. A
trade-off is necessary for reducing PAPR with increasing bit error rate (BER), computational complexity or
data rate loss etc. In this paper, two clipping based filtering methods have been implemented & also
analyzed their modulation effects on reducing PAPR.
It is prepared for simple presentation. Focused on basic optical fiber communication. And contains some important information about Space Division Multiplexing Technique.
Abstract: The growing demand on wireless communication service has created the necessity to support higher data rates for multimedia services. .As next generation wireless communication networks are expected to provide broadband multimedia services such as voice, web browsing, video conferencing etc. For high data rate achievement one must enhance the capacity of the wireless communication system. The capacity of a communication system can be enhanced by using OFDM system. OFDM is commonly used for communication system due to its high transmission rate and robustness against multipath fading So as to enhance the capacity of fading channels the OFDM system are combined to form hybrid system. Capacity is the measure of maximum information that can be transmitted reliably over a channel. This paper review on different channel capacity enhancement techniques used in OFDM system is SVD (Singular Value Decomposition), water Filling algorithm.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
COMPARISON OF BER AND NUMBER OF ERRORS WITH DIFFERENT MODULATION TECHNIQUES I...Sukhvinder Singh Malik
This paper provides analysis of BER and Number of Errors for MIMO-OFDM wireless communication system by using different modulation techniques. Wireless designers constantly seek to improve the spectrum efficiency/capacity, coverage of wireless networks, and link reliability. So the performances of the wireless communication systems can be enhanced by using multiple transmit and receive antennas, which is generally referred to as the MIMO technique. Here analysis will be carried out for an OFDM wireless communication system using different modulation techniques and considering the effect and the wireless channel like AWGN, fading. Performance results will be evaluated numerically and graphically using the plots of BER versus SNR and plots of number of errors versus SNR.
Performance Evaluation of PAPR Reduction with SER and BER by Modified Clippin...ijcsse
This paper work focuses on performance analysis of PAPR reduction of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) using amplitude clipping & filtering based design. Now a days one of the most proficient multi-carrier transmission techniques widely used today is orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) which has been implemented by the next generation wireless communication technology: Long Term Evolution (LTE). Extra robustness to multipath fading and impulse noise is provided OFDM. It eliminates inter symbol interference (ISI) & inter carrier interference (ICI) with certain procedure. Therefore peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is the basic problem with OFDM. However in this paper we proposed a reduction procedure of the PAPR by using clipping and filtering. Here we use a composed high pass , low pass & Chevyshev band pass filter II after amplitude clipping to reduce the PAPR. The performance of the system in terms of bit error rate (BER) and symbol error rate (SER) is also investigated as a new filter based clipping method is proposed. Our proposed clipping method with and composed high pass the Chevyshev bandpass filter II in PAPR performance of the system with a little compromise of BER & SER showing the significant improvement in Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM).
RECONFIGURABLE OPTICAL ADD AND DROP MULTIPLEXERS A REVIEWecijjournal
Optical multiplexing is the key function of a WDM network and reliable method for data transport networks. WDM networks configured as rings/mesh along with Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers supports added flexibility, simplicity and augment the spectral efficiency. Further enhancement achieved with Reconfigurable OADM architectures, growing briskly along with automatic network management, let the transport network to acclimatize with dynamically varying environment and flexibly respond to the transport network changes. It permits single or many wavelengths to be added and/or dropped from a
transport fiber without optical-to-electrical-to-optical domain translation. Presently ROADM technology
has revolutionized optical networking and an inseparable part of modern optical communication offering huge bandwidth for data transport at minimum expense. In this view the article presents comprehensive study for numerous generations of ROADM and their architecture and persistent development
Performance comparison of two clipping based filtering methods for papr reduc...ijmnct
The growth of wireless communication technologies has been producing the intense demand for high-speed,
efficient, reliable voice & data communication. As a result, third generation partnership project (3GPP)
has implemented next generation wireless communication technology long term evolution (LTE) which is
designed to increase the capacity and speed of existing mobile telephone & data networks. LTE has
adopted a multicarrier transmission technique known as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
(OFDM). OFDM meets the LTE requirement for spectrum flexibility and enables cost-efficient solutions for
very wide carriers. One major generic problem of OFDM technique is high peak to average power ratio
(PAPR) which is defined as the ratio of the peak power to the average power of the OFDM signal. A
trade-off is necessary for reducing PAPR with increasing bit error rate (BER), computational complexity or
data rate loss etc. In this paper, two clipping based filtering methods have been implemented & also
analyzed their modulation effects on reducing PAPR.
It is prepared for simple presentation. Focused on basic optical fiber communication. And contains some important information about Space Division Multiplexing Technique.
Abstract: The growing demand on wireless communication service has created the necessity to support higher data rates for multimedia services. .As next generation wireless communication networks are expected to provide broadband multimedia services such as voice, web browsing, video conferencing etc. For high data rate achievement one must enhance the capacity of the wireless communication system. The capacity of a communication system can be enhanced by using OFDM system. OFDM is commonly used for communication system due to its high transmission rate and robustness against multipath fading So as to enhance the capacity of fading channels the OFDM system are combined to form hybrid system. Capacity is the measure of maximum information that can be transmitted reliably over a channel. This paper review on different channel capacity enhancement techniques used in OFDM system is SVD (Singular Value Decomposition), water Filling algorithm.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
COMPARISON OF BER AND NUMBER OF ERRORS WITH DIFFERENT MODULATION TECHNIQUES I...Sukhvinder Singh Malik
This paper provides analysis of BER and Number of Errors for MIMO-OFDM wireless communication system by using different modulation techniques. Wireless designers constantly seek to improve the spectrum efficiency/capacity, coverage of wireless networks, and link reliability. So the performances of the wireless communication systems can be enhanced by using multiple transmit and receive antennas, which is generally referred to as the MIMO technique. Here analysis will be carried out for an OFDM wireless communication system using different modulation techniques and considering the effect and the wireless channel like AWGN, fading. Performance results will be evaluated numerically and graphically using the plots of BER versus SNR and plots of number of errors versus SNR.
Performance improvement for papr reduction in lte downlink system with ellipt...IJCNCJournal
This paper is concerned with the performance improvement of PAPR reduction of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal using amplitude clipping & filtering based design. Note that OFDM is one of the well adept multi-carrier multiplexing transmission scheme which has been implemented in long term evolution (LTE) downlink. Nonetheless peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is the more rattling problem with OFDM, consequently in this paper a reduction procedure of the PAPR by using amplitude clipping and filtering is proposed. Here we used IIR bandpass elliptic filter after amplitude clipping to
reduce the PAPR. The performance of the system in terms of bit error rate (BER) is also canvased as a new
filter based clipping method. Our results show that the proposed methodology of clipping method with the
IIR elliptic band pass filter significantly reduces the PAPR value.
SPACE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (SDMA) SATELLITE COMMUNICATION Soumen Santra
SPACE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (SDMA)
Definition : The communication channel encountered by this array of antennas.
advanced antenna technology.
Smart Antenna
Uplink Transmission
Downlink Transmission
Block Diagram
Features
Beam Frequency Reuse
Advantages
Disadvantages
A modified design of acf operation for reducing papr of ofdm signalijngnjournal
Next generation wireless communication technology long term evolution (LTE) has implemented
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique as a strong candidate for radio access
systems. It has several attributes such as providing robustness to multipath fading & impulse noise,
eliminating intersymbol interference (ISI), inter carrier interference (ICI) & the need for equalizers. The
major challenging issue of OFDM technique is the high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) which is
defined as the ratio of the peak power to the average power of the OFDM signal. A trade-off is
necessary for reducing PAPR with increasing bit error rate (BER), computational complexity or data rate
loss etc. In this paper, a moderately modified design of amplitude clipping & filtering operation (ACF) is
proposed and implemented which shows the significant improvement in case of PAPR reduction for both
quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) & quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) while increasing slight
BER match up to to an existing method.
PAPR Reduction in OFDM using Active and Non-Active ChannelsIOSR Journals
Abstract : According to the request of advance communication field there should be high data rate in addition to both power efficiency and lower bit error rate. This request of high data rate can be achieved by the multi carrier modulation scheme using the OFDM technique. But the great drawback of the OFDM technique is its high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). High PAPR reduces OFDM signals by driving the analog amplifier to work in the nonlinear region, changing this way the signal and making the amplifier to consume more power. To reduce the PAPR methods exist which adjust or present new signals to battle large signal peaks. The methods which use data carrying channels are called active channel methods and which use redundant channel are called non active channel methods. This work deals with reduction of the PAPR of OFDM signal using both Active and Non Active Channels. Clipping technique has been applied to active channels and Tone reservation has been applied to Non Active Channels. By using both channels we can get considerable reduction in PAPR. Keywords:Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), Power Amplifier (PA).
Design of 4x4 optical MIMO using spatial ModulationSachin Talakeri
Utilizing illuminating LED arrays for visible light communication (VLC) in an indoor environment, an optical multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system has intrigued great interest. In order to increase the potential VLC data rates, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have been proposed. MIMO schemes show the spectral efficiency improvement using spatial modulation
OFDM allows tightly packed carriers to convey information orthogonally and with high bandwidth efficiency
Objectives Description:
Concepts
Basic idea
Introduction to OFDM
Implementation
Advantages and Drawbacks.
FDMA
Spectrally efficient multicarrier modulation system for visible light communi...IJECEIAES
Visible Light Communication (VLC) has become an accolade to its radio frequency counterpart. In VLC system, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has drawn much attention, because of simple equalization, high spectral efficiency, high data rate and robustness to intersymbol interference (ISI). Besides, there are emerging applications that ought to be gotten with low latency and high reliability. To diminish power requirements with no transmission capacity extension, Trellis coded modulation (TCM) is utilized as a part of the framework in which the free distance of trellis diagram is equivalent to the minimum distance between the points of constellation focuses in partitioned subsets, which augments the coding gain up i.e. the performance parameter viably. TCM together with VLC-OFDM enhances the transmission execution in reasonable frameworks. In this paper, we propose OFDM which is based on TCM and is planned and exeuted for digitized OFDM frameworks by presenting delta sigma modulation (DSM) considering VLC channel. Simulation results show that the proposed TCM based VLC-OFDM offers incredible robustness against noises and nonlinear degradation.
Performance analysis of round trip time in narrowband rf networks for remote ...ijcsit
Networks for remote wireless communications using narrow band radios modem &Routers ((RipEX unit)
,as a means of transmission to communicate between the loins broadcast sites TV/FM.
RTT delay measurement is influenced by different parameters of Narrowband RF Networks.
We illustrate, in this paper, how RTT varies (in remote wireless practical communications application)
versus distance, modulation, baud rates, number of hops and throughput, between source and destination.
Also, we will see how the Forward Error Correction (FEC) affect, in the same time, the RTT according the
factors cited above.
Performance improvement for papr reduction in lte downlink system with ellipt...IJCNCJournal
This paper is concerned with the performance improvement of PAPR reduction of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal using amplitude clipping & filtering based design. Note that OFDM is one of the well adept multi-carrier multiplexing transmission scheme which has been implemented in long term evolution (LTE) downlink. Nonetheless peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is the more rattling problem with OFDM, consequently in this paper a reduction procedure of the PAPR by using amplitude clipping and filtering is proposed. Here we used IIR bandpass elliptic filter after amplitude clipping to
reduce the PAPR. The performance of the system in terms of bit error rate (BER) is also canvased as a new
filter based clipping method. Our results show that the proposed methodology of clipping method with the
IIR elliptic band pass filter significantly reduces the PAPR value.
SPACE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (SDMA) SATELLITE COMMUNICATION Soumen Santra
SPACE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (SDMA)
Definition : The communication channel encountered by this array of antennas.
advanced antenna technology.
Smart Antenna
Uplink Transmission
Downlink Transmission
Block Diagram
Features
Beam Frequency Reuse
Advantages
Disadvantages
A modified design of acf operation for reducing papr of ofdm signalijngnjournal
Next generation wireless communication technology long term evolution (LTE) has implemented
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique as a strong candidate for radio access
systems. It has several attributes such as providing robustness to multipath fading & impulse noise,
eliminating intersymbol interference (ISI), inter carrier interference (ICI) & the need for equalizers. The
major challenging issue of OFDM technique is the high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) which is
defined as the ratio of the peak power to the average power of the OFDM signal. A trade-off is
necessary for reducing PAPR with increasing bit error rate (BER), computational complexity or data rate
loss etc. In this paper, a moderately modified design of amplitude clipping & filtering operation (ACF) is
proposed and implemented which shows the significant improvement in case of PAPR reduction for both
quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) & quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) while increasing slight
BER match up to to an existing method.
PAPR Reduction in OFDM using Active and Non-Active ChannelsIOSR Journals
Abstract : According to the request of advance communication field there should be high data rate in addition to both power efficiency and lower bit error rate. This request of high data rate can be achieved by the multi carrier modulation scheme using the OFDM technique. But the great drawback of the OFDM technique is its high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). High PAPR reduces OFDM signals by driving the analog amplifier to work in the nonlinear region, changing this way the signal and making the amplifier to consume more power. To reduce the PAPR methods exist which adjust or present new signals to battle large signal peaks. The methods which use data carrying channels are called active channel methods and which use redundant channel are called non active channel methods. This work deals with reduction of the PAPR of OFDM signal using both Active and Non Active Channels. Clipping technique has been applied to active channels and Tone reservation has been applied to Non Active Channels. By using both channels we can get considerable reduction in PAPR. Keywords:Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), Power Amplifier (PA).
Design of 4x4 optical MIMO using spatial ModulationSachin Talakeri
Utilizing illuminating LED arrays for visible light communication (VLC) in an indoor environment, an optical multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system has intrigued great interest. In order to increase the potential VLC data rates, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have been proposed. MIMO schemes show the spectral efficiency improvement using spatial modulation
OFDM allows tightly packed carriers to convey information orthogonally and with high bandwidth efficiency
Objectives Description:
Concepts
Basic idea
Introduction to OFDM
Implementation
Advantages and Drawbacks.
FDMA
Spectrally efficient multicarrier modulation system for visible light communi...IJECEIAES
Visible Light Communication (VLC) has become an accolade to its radio frequency counterpart. In VLC system, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has drawn much attention, because of simple equalization, high spectral efficiency, high data rate and robustness to intersymbol interference (ISI). Besides, there are emerging applications that ought to be gotten with low latency and high reliability. To diminish power requirements with no transmission capacity extension, Trellis coded modulation (TCM) is utilized as a part of the framework in which the free distance of trellis diagram is equivalent to the minimum distance between the points of constellation focuses in partitioned subsets, which augments the coding gain up i.e. the performance parameter viably. TCM together with VLC-OFDM enhances the transmission execution in reasonable frameworks. In this paper, we propose OFDM which is based on TCM and is planned and exeuted for digitized OFDM frameworks by presenting delta sigma modulation (DSM) considering VLC channel. Simulation results show that the proposed TCM based VLC-OFDM offers incredible robustness against noises and nonlinear degradation.
Performance analysis of round trip time in narrowband rf networks for remote ...ijcsit
Networks for remote wireless communications using narrow band radios modem &Routers ((RipEX unit)
,as a means of transmission to communicate between the loins broadcast sites TV/FM.
RTT delay measurement is influenced by different parameters of Narrowband RF Networks.
We illustrate, in this paper, how RTT varies (in remote wireless practical communications application)
versus distance, modulation, baud rates, number of hops and throughput, between source and destination.
Also, we will see how the Forward Error Correction (FEC) affect, in the same time, the RTT according the
factors cited above.
INVESTIGATION OF UTRA FDD DATA AND CONTROL CHANNELS IN THE PRESENCE OF NOISE ...ijngnjournal
In this paper, the main aim is to design and simulate UTRA FDD control channel in the presence of noise and wireless channel by using FDD library/Matlab box set that can be used to design and implement some
systems. Moreover, a test and verification of the library is achieved with different channel models such as Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), fading and moving channel models. FDD library are employed to design whole transmitter and receiver. Then we had tested AWGN channel and some other channel models.
Also we illustrated what are control channels DCCH and the other one as understanding the whole system. Moreover, the standards have been covered as well as implemented the whole transmit and receive chain plus the generation of DPCH, DPCCH channel. we had tested the performance against the AWGN noise.
Then we have studied different channel models that are defined in the standard, used the few of them like the fading channel and moving channel. We have tried to compare the performance in terms of Monte Carlo simulation by producing the BER curves. We have also change some channel parameters like phase, number of multipaths and we have tried to see the performance of the model in the presence of actual channel model.
Simulation of LTE-TDD in the HAPS channel IJECEIAES
LTE stands for Long Term Evolution. This technology enhances the data rate and capacity using a new radio interface and an optimized core network. This progress was done to satisfy standards defined for the fourth generation of cellular communications in ITU. LTE has two types of transmission: Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD). Nowadays, LTE-TDD rapidly Grows and takes place of old fixed cellular communications, like WiMAX. Another upcoming technology in the communication industry is High Amplitude Platform Stations (HAPS). Studying the capability of HAPS as a base station for LTE-TDD is the main purpose of this paper. Simulations have done using HAPS channel and compared to Stanford University Interim (SUI) standard channels for different scenarios. Results were compared to achieve a conclusion on HAPS implementation for LTE-TDD based on BER and data throughput.
LTE is used in 4G Technology. Different physical layer techniques used in LTE are described in this presentation. Majorly OFDM, MIMO and Carrier Aggregation are mentioned in this presentation. It was presented at IIT Patna.
Duplexing mode, ARB and modulation approaches parameters affection on LTE upl...IJECEIAES
The next generation of radio technologies designed to increase the capacity and speed of mobile networks. LTE is the first technology designed explicitly for the Next Generation Network NGN and is set to become the de-facto NGN mobile access network standard. It takes advantage of the NGN's capabilities to provide an always-on mobile data experience comparable to wired networks. In this paper LTE uplink waveforms displayed with various duplexing mode, Allocated Resources Blocks ARB, Modulation types and total information per frame, QPSK and 16 QAM used as modulation techniques and tested under AWGN and Rayleigh channels, similarity and interference of the generated waveforms tested using auto-correlation and cross-correlation respectively.
Device-to-device (D2D) communications underlaying a cellular infrastructure has been proposed as a means of taking advantage of the physical proximity of communicating devices, increasing resource utilization, and improving cellular coverage. Relative to the traditional cellular methods, there is a need to design new peer discovery methods, physical layer procedures, and radio resource management algorithms that help realize the potential article we use the 3GPP Long Term Evolution system as a baseline for D2D design, review some of the key design challenges, and propose solution approaches that allow cellular devices and D2D pairs to share spectrum resources and thereby increase the spectrum and energy efficiency of traditional cellular networks. Sim- ulation results illustrate the viability of the proposed design.
An adaptive channel estimation scheme based on redundancy minimization for fi...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Filtered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (F-OFDM), a technology which is being considered as a promising platform for beyond 4G era is expected to help deliver the new features at millimeter wave in the new 5th generation of cellular communication. Some of its key features notably better spectral utilization, enhanced throughput and immunity to interference can be enabling for the new cellular standards. These features of filtered OFDM comes with strict requirements of filter design, guard tone managements, and efficient channel state information harness. This paper is intended to propose an intuitive channel estimation scheme which will allow efficient acquisition of channel state information (CSI) through exploiting the redundant steps of the conventional pilot training-based algorithms and by also using an adaptive weight to expedite the minimization of the error between the estimated values and the actual values. Various simulations will follow to demonstrate the superiority of the scheme over traditional pilot-based algorithms and thus prove its utility in the current 5G cellular era.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...
N0102196100
1. IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
e-ISSN: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 10, Issue 2, Ver.1 (Mar - Apr.2015), PP 96-100
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/2834-102196100 www.iosrjournals.org 96 | Page
LTE FDD vs LTE TDD from a Qos Perspective
Eng. Dalia Abdalla Omer, Dr. Amin Babiker A/Nabi Mustafa,
dalia.omer@gmail.com
amin31766@gmail.com
Faculty of Postgraduate - telecommunication Engineer
Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
2015
Abstract: Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the next step (fourth generation) mobile radio communication
technology that succeeds the HSPA 3GPP standardization body. LTE is expected to be the most competitive
radio technology in the future to provide high-data-rate transmission, low latency, improved service and
reduced costs. As known, mobile phone traffic is divided into two parts: an uplink and a downlink. This paper
presents the LTE two duplexing modes: LTE-TDD (Time Division Duplexing) and LTE-FDD(Frequency
Division Duplexing).
I. Introduction
The first release (Release 8) of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) has recently been standardized by
3GPP. LTE provides high peak data rates up to 300 Mbps, improved spectrum efficiency, and reduced radio
access delays. One key requirement in the development of LTE has been spectrum flexibility; LTE can be
operated in different spectrum allocations from 1.4 to 20 MHz and in paired or unpaired spectrum .
The Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode uses paired spectrum where different carrier frequencies are used
for downlink (DL) and uplink (UL). During each frame, there are thus ten uplink subframes and ten downlink
subframes, so uplink and downlink transmission can occur simultaneously within a cell.
while TDD implies that downlink and uplink transmission take place in different, non overlapping time slots.
Thus, TDD can operate in unpaired spectrum, whereas FDD requires paired spectrum.
II. Methodology:
This paper focuses on the main difference between LTE-FDD and LTE-TDD in how they divide the
single channel to provide paths for both uploading (mobile transmit) and downloading (base-station transmit)
and their influence on the quality of service.
Time Division Duplexing (TDD):
The communication is done using one frequency, but the time for transmitting and receiving is
different. This method emulates full duplex communication using a half duplex link.The key advantages of
TDD (known also as TD-LTE) are usually seen in conditions where the uplink and downlink data transmissions
are not symmetrical. Moreover, since the transmitting and receiving is done using one frequency, the channel
estimations for beamforming (and other smart antenna techniques) apply for both the uplink and the downlink.
A typical disadvantage of TDD is the need to use guard periods between the downlink and uplink transmissions.
The following features are unique to TDD-LTE:
1. Frame structure – a special sub frame that allows switching between downlink and uplink transmission.
2. ACK/NACK – Multiple acknowledgements and negative acknowledgements are combined on the uplink
control channels. This ultimately leads to increased control signaling and lower spectrum/resource utilization.
3. Guard periods – These are used in the center of special sub frames. They allow for the advance of the uplink
transmission timing.
Frequency-division Duplex (FDD):
In the case of FDD operation, there are two carrier frequencies, one for uplink transmission (fUL) and
one for downlink transmission (fDL). During each frame, there
FDD uses lots of frequency spectrum, though, generally at least twice the spectrum needed by TDD. In
addition, there must be adequate spectrum separation between the transmit and receive channels. These so-
called guard bands aren’t useable, so they’re wasteful. Given the scarcity and expense of spectrum. there are
some different between FDD and TDD:
2. The Different On Performance between LTE FDD and LTE TDD Eng. Dalia ABDALLA Omer
DOI: 10.9790/2834-102196100 www.iosrjournals.org 97 | Page
FDD-LTE TDD-LTE
Uses Frequency-Division Duplex Uses Time-Division Duplex
Generally better suited for applications like voice calls that
have symmetric traffic, because traffic in both directions is
always constant.
Is better at reallocating traffic than
FDD-LTE such as Internet or other data centric services.
It requires paired spectrum with different frequencies with
guard band.
Does not require paired spectrum since transmit and receive
occurs in the same channel
Is appears when planning sites for base stations. Because FDD
base stations use different frequencies for receiving and
transmitting, they effectively do not hear each other and no
special planning is needed.
With TDD, special considerations need to be taken in order to
prevent neighboring base stations from interfering with each
other.
Allows for easier planning than TDD LTE. It is cheaper than FD LTE since in
TDD-LTE no need of duplexer to isolate transmission and
receptions.
FDD LTE is full duplex this means that both the upload and
download are always available.
TDD LTE is half duplex as either upload or download can use
the channel but not at the same time.
With FDD, the bandwidth cannot be dynamically reallocated
and the unused bandwidth is wasted.
TDD can allocate more time for the part that requires more
bandwidth, thereby balancing the load
FDD-LTE every downlink subframe can be associated with an
uplink subframe
TD-LTE the number of downlink and uplink subframes is
different and such association is not possible.
An FDD system uses a duplexer and/or two antennas that
require spatial separation and, therefore, cannot reuse the
resources. The result is more costly hardware.
In TDD, both the transmitter and receiver operate on the same
frequency but at different times. Therefore, TDD systems
reuse the filters, mixers, frequency sources and synthesizers,
thereby eliminating the complexity and costs associated with
isolating the transmit antenna and the receive antenna.
FDD cannot be used in environments where the service
provider does not have enough bandwidth to provide the
required guard-band between transmit and receive channels.
TDD utilizes the spectrum more
efficiently than FDD.
It is requires two interference-free channels. It is requires only one interference-free channel.
Table (1) Comparison between FDD-LTE and TDD-LTE.
Simulation Model
The simulations are done with an Atoll software to compare between the affect of using FDD and TDD
with the same other parameter and analyze the affect in throughput, coverage area and
the simulation parameter are:
Parameter Value
Environment Suburban
Bandwidth 10 MHz
Frequency 2100 MHz
Number of sites 14
Number of cells per site 3
Hexagonal Radius 5000 m
Antenna type 120 sectoring
Antenna height 30 m
Propagation Mode COST-Hata
Cost Hata Mathematical Formulation
The COST-Hata-Model is formulated as:
Where,
L50 = Median path loss. Unit: Decibel (dB)
fc = Frequency of Transmission. Unit: Megahertz (MHz)
hte = Base Station Antenna effective height. Unit: Meter (m)
d = Link distance. Unit: Kilometer (km)
hre = Mobile Station Antenna effective height. Unit: Meter (m)
a(hre) = Mobile station Antenna height correction factor as described in the Hata Model for Urban
Areas.