LTE Measurement: How to test a device
This course provides an overview with practical examples and exercises on how to test a LTE-capable device while performing standardized RF measurements such as power, signal quality, spectrum and receier sensitivity, and how to automate these measurements in a simple and cost-effective way. We will present testing of LTE handsets in terms of protocol signaling scenarios and handover to other radio technologies for interoperability. This course will demonstrate end-to-end (E2E), throughput and application testing using the Rohde & Schwarz R&S®CMW500 Wideband Radio Communication Tester. Examles of application tests are voice over LTE, (VoLTE) or Video over LTE.
LTE Measurement: How to test a device
This course provides an overview with practical examples and exercises on how to test a LTE-capable device while performing standardized RF measurements such as power, signal quality, spectrum and receier sensitivity, and how to automate these measurements in a simple and cost-effective way. We will present testing of LTE handsets in terms of protocol signaling scenarios and handover to other radio technologies for interoperability. This course will demonstrate end-to-end (E2E), throughput and application testing using the Rohde & Schwarz R&S®CMW500 Wideband Radio Communication Tester. Examles of application tests are voice over LTE, (VoLTE) or Video over LTE.
This presentation will give you a glance at NOKIA RNC solutions, RNC configuration,RNC cabinet mechanical structure,RNC architecture, RNC plug-in units (PIU)
,RNC function units (FUs), redundancy and PIUs configuration
We are going to cover complete list of VoLTE IMS KPI and performance Indicators . This includes :-
VoLTE IMS Control Plane KPI
- RSR : Registration Success Ratio (%)
- CSSR : Call Setup Success Rate (%)
- CST : Call Setup Time (s)
- MHT/ACD : Average Call duration (s)
VoLTE IMS User Plane KPI
- Mute Rate (%)
- MOS Score (1-5)
- RTP Packet Loss (%)
- One Way Calls (%)
Packet Core 4G Network LTE KPI
- Volte Attach Success Rate (%)
- VoLTE QCI=5 Paging Success Rate (%)
- Dedicated Bearer Activation Success Rate (%)
- IMS IP POOL Utilization (%)
- Create Bearer Success Rate (%)
Radio VoLTE KPI
- Call Drop rate (%)
- SRVCC Success Rate (%)
- Handover SR (%)
It is a handbook of UMTS/LTE/EPC CSFB call flows.
This document is originally edited by Justin MA and it is free to share to everyone who are interested.
All reference/resource are from internet. If there is any copy-right issue, please kindly inform Justin by majachang@gmail.com.
Thanks for your reading!
This presentation will give you a glance at NOKIA RNC solutions, RNC configuration,RNC cabinet mechanical structure,RNC architecture, RNC plug-in units (PIU)
,RNC function units (FUs), redundancy and PIUs configuration
We are going to cover complete list of VoLTE IMS KPI and performance Indicators . This includes :-
VoLTE IMS Control Plane KPI
- RSR : Registration Success Ratio (%)
- CSSR : Call Setup Success Rate (%)
- CST : Call Setup Time (s)
- MHT/ACD : Average Call duration (s)
VoLTE IMS User Plane KPI
- Mute Rate (%)
- MOS Score (1-5)
- RTP Packet Loss (%)
- One Way Calls (%)
Packet Core 4G Network LTE KPI
- Volte Attach Success Rate (%)
- VoLTE QCI=5 Paging Success Rate (%)
- Dedicated Bearer Activation Success Rate (%)
- IMS IP POOL Utilization (%)
- Create Bearer Success Rate (%)
Radio VoLTE KPI
- Call Drop rate (%)
- SRVCC Success Rate (%)
- Handover SR (%)
It is a handbook of UMTS/LTE/EPC CSFB call flows.
This document is originally edited by Justin MA and it is free to share to everyone who are interested.
All reference/resource are from internet. If there is any copy-right issue, please kindly inform Justin by majachang@gmail.com.
Thanks for your reading!
Radisys & Airspan - Small Cells and LTE-A Webinar PresentationRadisys Corporation
Radisys' Renuka Bhalerao and Paul Senior of Airspan presented: Small Cells & LTE Advanced - The Hype of 3Cs: Capacity, Coverage and Customer Satisfaction on June 11, 2013. View/Read their materials how mobile operators can make their networks more efficient, increase capacity and coverage by deploying LTE-A and strategically placed small cells.
Qualcomm is elevating its role as a market leader by bringing breakthrough concepts to LTE’s evolution. We believe that the next significant performance leap will come from heterogeneous networks, or HetNets, which bring the network closer to the user through low-power nodes such as pico and femto-cells. LTE Advanced uses adaptive interference management techniques to further improve the capacity and coverage of these HetNets. There by, ensuring fairness among users and an enhanced mobile experience, especially for those users at the cell edge. LTE Advanced also introduces multicarrier to leverage ultra wide bandwidths up to 100 MHz, supporting very high data rates.
Propelling 5G forward: a closer look at 3GPP Release-16Qualcomm Research
This presentation summarizes the 3GPP 5G NR Release 16 projects, including eMBB enhancements, unlicensed, sidelink, IAB, TSN, eURLLC, private networks, C-V2X, and more...
Michael Monaghan - Evolution of New Feature Verification in 3G NetworksTEST Huddle
EuroSTAR Software Testing Conference 2009 presentation on Evolution of New Feature Verification in 3G Networks by Michael Monaghan. See more at conferences.eurostarsoftwaretesting.com/past-presentations/
LTE Release 13 and SMARTER – Road Towards 5GYi-Hsueh Tsai
3GPP Overview
TSG Plenary Status
RAN workshop on 5G
SA1 5G SMARTER
Radio Interface Technology definition
Time Delay analysis
Four New Building Block Study Items for 5G
Enhanced Mobile Broadband
Massive Internet of Things
Critical Machine Communications (ultra-reliable and low latency)
Network operation (including Migration and Interworking)
Capabilities of Future IMT systems
Conclusions
New Services and Markets Technology Enablers (SMARTER) - LTE Relese 13+ and r...Yi-Hsueh Tsai
3GPP Overview
TSG Plenary Status
Progress and content of SA1 5G Study Item - SMARTER
- Introduction and Status
- Radio Interface Technology definition
- Time Delay analysis
- Use Cases and Summary
RAN workshop on 5G Chairman Summary
- Use Cases & Services
- New radio
- 5G Time Line and Phasing
- Next steps
NGMN Alliance’ 5G Use Cases
Setting off the 5G Advanced evolution with 3GPP Release 18Qualcomm Research
In December 2021, 3GPP has reached a consensus on the scope of 5G NR Release 18. This is a significant milestone marking the beginning of 5G Advanced — the second wave of wireless innovations that will fulfill the 5G vision. Release 18 will build on the solid foundation set by Releases 15, 16, and 17, and it sets the longer-term evolution direction of 5G and beyond. This release will encompass a wide range of new and enhancement projects, ranging from improved MIMO and application of AI/ML-enabled air interface to extended reality optimizations and broader IoT support.
5GPro Spectrum Analyzer - RF spectrum analyzer
Simple to use, accurate, built specifically for field techs. The portable 5GPro Spectrum Analyzer provides visibility into 4G/LTE and 5G RF environments with the industry’s only modular solution.
Features:-
• FR1 (sub-6 GHz) and FR2 (mmWave) with a single solution
• Real-time spectrum analysis (RTSA) of bandwidth up to 100 MHz
• Supports 5G NR demodulation and beamforming analysis
• Smart UX-optimized GUI
• Complete, compact solution for validating 4G and 5G RAN
• First field upgradeable solution: scale at your own pace
• Patent-pending intelligent peak detection and Snap-to-Peak features
• Cloud-enabled workflow management and easy results sharing
We also have certified and authorized service center of EXFO & Sumitomo in India (Jammu, Delhi-NCR, Patna, Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Bangalore and Chennai.
Our highlighted products of EXFO are OTDR, Power Meter, Laser Source, Spectrum Analyzer, 𝗢𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗺 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝗹𝘆𝘇𝗲𝗿, FIP, FTB, OSA20, 5g testing equipment with the latest otdr of exfo. We are also deal with exfo otdr and other equipment accessories part.
Our highlighted products of Sumitomo electric are : Splicing machines (New z2c z2c, 82c, 82c+, t400s), Cleavers (fc series), electrode
we are also deal with Ixia taps, infovista temspocket, ibwave enterprise tools etc.
𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗰𝘁 𝘂𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗺𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗱𝗲𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗹𝘀 :-
𝑪𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒐𝒓 𝑾𝒉𝒂𝒕𝒔𝑨𝒑𝒑: https://wa.me/c/919599144113
𝑬𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒍 𝒖𝒔 : sales@invas.in
𝑽𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒕 𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒘𝒆𝒃𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 : www.invas.in
We are 𝒂𝒖𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒛𝒆𝒅 𝑺𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒔 & 𝑺𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒓 of @exfo_inc
We have 𝟴 𝗯𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀 all over India (𝗝𝗮𝗺𝗺𝘂 | 𝗗𝗲𝗹𝗵𝗶-𝗡𝗖𝗥 | 𝗣𝗮𝘁𝗻𝗮 | 𝗞𝗼𝗹𝗸𝗮𝘁𝗮 | 𝗠𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗮𝗶 | 𝗛𝘆𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗯𝗮𝗱 | 𝗕𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗹𝗼𝗿𝗲 | 𝗖𝗵𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮𝗶).
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Next-generation immersive use cases such as VR and AR will demand even faster data rates, lower latency, and more capacity that will push the boundaries of LTE networks. Now, Gigabit LTE is here to deliver fiber-like wireless broadband that meets these expanding requirements. We are leading the Gigabit LTE evolution. Read more at https://www.qualcomm.com/invention/technologies/lte/advanced-pro/gigabit-lte
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
5. Agilent Confidential
What is “Conformance”?
Question: Does a certain (wireless) device meet the requirements
established by the applicable industry standards?
Equipment Under Test
Conformance Test System
(EUT)
Conformance Test
5
6. Agilent Confidential
When does Conformance
happen?
Components
Development
System
Integration
Certification
Operator
Acceptance
R&D and Pre-Conformance
Conformance
Regulatory
Conformance &
Interoperability
Performance &
Usability
7. Agilent Confidential
Conformance Terminology
Device Certification
Program operated by different forums to increase global interoperability between
mobile devices and networks based on technical requirements developed by bodies
like 3GPP among others.
GCF/PTCRB
Groups formed by network operators, terminal manufacturers, test equipments, test
houses and other organizations responsible for running mobile terminals certification.
Validation
Process that enable test equipment vendors to qualify their test platforms as
approved for certitication.
RCT/PCT/RRM
Radio Frequency, Protocol and Radio Resource Management Conformante Test
Systems respectively, which implements the test specifications for UE defined by the
3GPP.
7
8. Agilent Confidential
Conformance pillars
Test Specs
- Test cases
- Includes bands
- Constantly evolves,
over
„releases‟
8
Test Platforms
- Approved test
systems/tools
/instruments
- RF, Protocol,
RRM…
- Must keep pace
with standards
- Proof validation for
a certain
percentage (e.g.
80%) to be
approved
Lab
Accreditation
- Lab must fulfill a
set of requirements
defined by a 3rd
party, e.g. ISO
17025.
- Must use validated
TPs.
- Might involve
auditing process.
9. Agilent Confidential
LTE Conformance Ecosystem
Operators
Develops TTCN code for PCT
testing
- Device certification based on 3GPP standa
RAN Working Groups (WG)
RAN 1 – Layer1
How the
system works?
1)Select and prioritize test cases
2) Create WI/RFT for specific requirem
RAN 2 – Layer 2 and RRM
3) Validate Test Platforms/Test Cases
RAN 3 – Overall architecture
4) Lab accreditation
How to test the
RAN 4 – RF performance analysis
system works?
RAN 5 – Conformance requirements
10. Agilent Confidential
3GPP Test Specs
Test spec Testing area
36.508
36.521-1
36.521-2
36.521-3
36.523-1
36.523-2
36.523-3
10
Common test environment
RF Conformance Test Cases
Applicability for RF & RRM (ICS)
RRM Conformance Test Cases
Protocol Conformance Test Cases
Applicability for Protocol (ICS)
TTCN for Protocol
11. Agilent Confidential
Frequency Bands – Release Independent
An important aspect of frequency bands when it comes to the 3GPP
releases is that they are “release independent”. This means that a
band defined in a later release can be applied to an earlier
release.
This significantly simplifies the specifications.
FDD
TDD
Release 8
1 – 17 (excl. 15,16*) 32 - 40
Release 9
18 - 21
Release 10
22 - 25
41 - 43
Release 11
26 - 29
44
Release 12
30?, 31?, …
* Bands 15 and 16 are specified by ETSI only for use in Europe
12. Agilent Confidential
GCF
GCF (Global Certification Forum) Certification is defined and
maintained by GCF members collectively. The Conformance and
Interoperability Group (CAG) identifies the Certification Entry
Criteria (CEC) through laboratory testing.
GCF CEC for WIs
LTE Rel-8
RF & RRM
WI080
LTE Rel-8 Protocol
Conformanc
e Test Cases
12
WI150
WI090
WI081
082
TPAC
WI091
092
WI162
Rel-9 &
CA
13. Agilent Confidential
PTCRB Certification
PTCRB (PCS Type Certification Review Board) framework for
GSM, UMTS and LTE UE certification services for North American
operators.
RFT
076
Conformance
Test Cases
LTE Rel.9
Enhancements
RFT
099
RFT
103
13
LTE Release 8
Carrier
Aggregation
14. Agilent Confidential
Validation of Test Platforms/ Test Cases
Certification bodies do not
adopt the entire 3GPP test
specs
Each certification body SELECTS a group of TEST
CASES and DEFINES PRIORITY based on operators‟
plans GCF: Work Items (WI)
PTCRB: Request For Testing (RFT)
Test system vendors DEVELOP TEST CASES
on their test platforms
Each test system vendor selects an ACCREDITED
LAB to VALIDATE their test cases using reference
UEs
The lab submits a validation report to the specific
certification body for approval, ENABLING the
TEST SYSTEM and TEST CASE FOR
CERTIFICATION
14
16. Agilent Confidential
Test Cases - Categories
A: Test case mandatory for
Certification.
B: Test case validated with
exceptions.
C: Test case validated but not
applicable for certification yet (due
to WI not active or frequency band
not active).
D: Test case downgraded.
16
P: Test case not validated in any
platform. It can only be validated at
a CAG meeting.
17. Test Cases - Applicability
PTCRB and GCF define a special field for every
test case in order to indicate whether the test case
has to be executed in all supported bands or
only in the „main band‟ supported.
In GCF:
• RF test cases (Sec. 6 and 7) and RRM test
cases from Sec. 9 shall be run for each band
supported by the Device.
• All other RF and RRM TCs, plus all protocol test
cases except for few exceptions, shall be run
only once in a band chosen by the Device
Manufacturer.
17
Agilent Profile
Dec. 1, 2011
19. Agilent Confidential
Agenda
The “Conformance Ecosystem”
- Concepts, LTE Ecosystem, 3GPP Specs, Validation,
GCF/PTCRB, Certification Database, etc.
LTE-Advanced – 3GPP Status and Certification
overview
- Intro, Carrier Aggregation types, 3GPP CA status, Rel.
11/12., etc.
Beyond Conformance: Carrier Acceptance
19
20. Agilent Confidential
LTE: “Industry Snapshot”
222 commercial LTE networks launched (260 forecast by the
end of 2013)
o 10% are TDD networks
o Less than 10% of those using 20 MHz (most using 10MHz)
126 million LTE subscribers (100 million in 12 months)
o More than half in North America (64 million)
Over 1,000 LTE capable devices available
o 40% can operate in Band 3 and 7
o 20% support TDD bands
LTE is the fastest growing mobile technology ever…
but it is not 4G!
www.gsacom.com
20
21. Agilent Confidential
Why LTE-Advanced?
IMT-Advanced Requirements
Based on an all-IP packet switch network
Scalable channel bandwidth between 5 and 20 MHz
Interoperability with existing wireless standards
Enhanced peak data rates to support advanced services
and applications -- 1 Gbps for low mobility
21
22. Agilent Confidential
Why LTE-Advanced?
IMT-Advanced Requirements
“Enhanced peak data rates to support advanced services and
applications (100 Mbit/s for high and 1 Gbit/s for low
mobility)”
Item
Subcategory
Spectral
efficiency
(b/s/Hz)
Downlink
Data rate
(Mbps)
22
IMT-Adv
LTE
15
16.3
(4x4 MIMO)
(4x4 MIMO)
6.75
4.32
(2x4 MIMO)
(64QAM)
Downlink
1000
300
Uplink
100
75
Uplink
23. Agilent Confidential
LTE-Advanced features
Carrier Aggregation
Higher data rates
(bps)
Het Nets
Enhanced MIMO
Higher spectral
effiency
(bps/Hz)
Higher spectral
effiency
per coverage area
(bps/Hz/Km2)
23
24. Agilent Confidential
LTE-Advanced data rates
IMT-Advanced Requirements
“Enhanced peak data rates to support advanced services and
applications (100 Mbit/s for high and 1 Gbit/s for low
mobility)”
Item
Subcategory
Spectral
efficiency
(b/s/Hz)
Downlink
Data rate
(Mbps)
24
IMT-Adv
LTE
LTE Rel.10
15
16.3
30
(4x4 MIMO)
(4x4 MIMO)
(8x8 MIMO)
6.75
4.32
15
(2x4 MIMO)
(64QAM)
(4x4 MIMO)
Downlink
1000
300
3000
Uplink
100
75
1500
Uplink
25. Agilent Confidential
LTE-A: UE Categories
UE
Category
Data Rate
DL/UL
Downlink
Uplink
Support for
64QAM
10 / 5
1
1
No
50 / 25
2
1
No
3
100 / 50
2
1
No
4
150 / 50
2
1
No
5
300 / 75
4
1
Yes
6
300 / 50
2 or 4
1 or 2
No
7
300 / 100
2 or 4
1 or 2
No
8
LTE-A
Max number
of layers
2
LTE
Max number
of layers
1
25
(Mbps)
3000 / 1500
8
4
Yes
26. Release Evolution
Release
March 2000
UMTS 3.84 Mcps (W-CDMA FDD & TDD)
March 2001
1.28 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA)
June 2002
HSDPA
Rel-6
March 2005
HSUPA (E-DCH)
Rel-7
Dec 2007
HSPA+ (64QAM DL, MIMO, 16QAM UL). LTE & SAE
Feasibility Study, Edge Evolution
Rel-8
Dec 2008
LTE Work item – OFDMA air interface
SAE Work item – New IP core network
UMTS Femtocells, Dual Carrier HSDPA
Rel-9
Dec 2009
Multi-standard Radio (MSR), Dual Carrier HSUPA,
Dual Band HSDPA, SON, LTE Femtocells (HeNB)
LTE-Advanced feasibility study, MBSFN
Rel-10
March 2011
LTE-Advanced (4G) work item, CoMP Study
Four carrier HSDPA
Rel-11
26
Rel-99
Rel-5
2013
Main feature of Release
Rel-4
1999
Stage 3: Core
specs complete
Sept 2012
CoMP, eDL MIMO, eCA, MIMO OTA, HSUPA TxD &
64QAM MIMO, HSDPA 8C & 4x4 MIMO, MB MSR
Rel-12
March 2013 stage 1
New carrier type, LTE-Direct, Active Antenna Systems
29. Agilent Confidential
Challenges of LTE UE Testing (I)
Many different LTE bands defined
Represent additional test requirements besides the inclusion of both
Frequency Division (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) modes.
29
30. Agilent Confidential
Challenges of LTE UE Testing (II)
OFDM and more bandwidths
The use of multiple subcarriers and the amount of BWs defined
dramatically increases the number of combinations under test.
30
31. Agilent Confidential
Challenges of LTE UE Testing (&
III)
Fading & AWGN simulators are required
Fading simulators and AWGN generators are
required tools for testing robustness due to
multipath reception and noise interference
effects.
Inter-RAT requirements
Testing LTE UEs require exercising other
radio access technologies (RAT) supported,
as well as new inter-RAT tests required by
the addition of LTE.
Testing time
The number of combinations to be tested is
enormous, thus the testing time required to
execute them.
31
32. Agilent Confidential
LTE Rel. 10 CA: 3GPP Status
Carrier Aggregation
Higher data rates
(bps)
Het Nets
Enhanced MIMO
Higher spectral
effiency
(bps/Hz)
Higher spectral
effiency
per coverage area
(bps/Hz/Km2)
32
33. Agilent Confidential
What is CA?
Carrier Aggregation is the first step of LTE
Advanced
Why?
Easily enables 150 Mbps (Category 4) in typical 10 MHz +
10 MHz deployments
How?
Allows aggregation of fragmented
spectrum to create a fatter data pipe
When?
Already being deployed by some
Network Operators worldwide
33
34. Agilent Confidential
What is CA?
Bandwidth extension by aggregating LTE component
carriers (CC)
Up to 5 CC can be allocated in both DL and UL – 100 MHz
aggregated
o Components carriers are backwards compatible with Release 8
terminals
Motivation
o Symmetric or asymmetric DL/UL CA configurations
o Achieve wider bandwidth transmissions (higher peak data rates)
o Facilitate efficient use of fragmented spectrum
o
34
36. Agilent Confidential
Carrier Aggregation – Types
Q3 2012
Q3 2013
58
33
CA Band
Combinations
24
Interband
70+
CA Band
Combinations
9
14
35
Intraband
Interband
FDD
Inter
Intra
Inter-Intra
36
Future
9
Intraband
1 or 2 CC
DL Only DL/UL
1
33
8
2
---
CA Band
Combinations
o UL carrier
aggregation
o TDD + FDD
aggregation
o More spectrum
3 CC
3 CC
TDD
7
0
2
Inter
Intra
1 or 2 CC
DL Only DL/UL
1
0
3
1
37. Agilent Confidential
Carrier Aggregation – Who is driving the
Market? Band combinations defined by RAN4
Example of
Name
Acronym
Carrier Aggregation of Band 1 and Band 21
Carrier Aggregation of Band 1 and Band 19
Carrier Aggregation of Band 4 and Band 7
Carrier Aggregation of Band 3 and Band 5
Carrier Aggregation of Band 5 and Band 17
Carrier Aggregation of Band 4 and Band 5
Carrier Aggregation of Band 2 and Band 17
Carrier Aggregation of Band 5 and Band 12
Carrier Aggregation of Band 4 and Band 17
Intra-band non-contiguous Carrier Aggregation in Band 3
Carrier Aggregation of Band 2 and Band 12
Carrier Aggregation of Band 39 and Band 41
Carrier Aggregation of Band 1 and Band 8
Carrier Aggregation of Band 3 and Band 19
Carrier Aggregation of Band 23 and Band 29
Carrier Aggregation of Band 3 and Band 5 with 2UL
Intra-band non-contiguous Carrier Aggregation in Band 4
LTE_CA_B1_B21
LTE_CA_B1_B19
LTE_CA_B4_B7
LTE_CA_B3_B5
LTE_CA_B5_B17
LTE_CA_B4_B5
LTE_CA_B2_B17
LTE_CA_B5_B12
LTE_CA_B4_B17
LTE_CA_NC_B3
LTE_CA_B2_B12
LTE_CA_B39_B41
LTE_CA_B1_B8
LTE_CA_B3_B19
LTE_CA_B23_B29
LTE_CA_B3_B5_2UL
LTE_CA_NC_B4
Release WI_rapporteur
Rel-11
Rel-11
Rel-11
Rel-11
Rel-11
Rel-11
Rel-11
Rel-11
Rel-11
Rel-12
Rel-12
Rel-12
Rel-12
Rel-12
Rel-12
Rel-12
Rel-12
NTT DoCoMo
NTT DoCoMo
Rogers Wireless
SK Telecom
AT&T
AT&T
AT&T
US Cellular
AT&T
SK Telecom
US Cellular
China Mobile
Softbank Mobile
NTT DOCOMO
Dish Network
SK Telecom
T-Mobile USA
Deployment in 2013!
37
Mode
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
TDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
Inter-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Intra-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Inter-band
Intra-band
38. Agilent Confidential
LTE-CA: Certification Status
You are here
Sept-2012
Rel.11 WI
Intra/Inter band
May-2013
NEW Rel.11 WI
LTE CA
Enhancements
Sept-2013
Rel.11 WI
closed
RAN#61
RAN5#59
RAN#57
CAG#35
CAG#34
Q2-2012
RFT103
Introduced
PVG#57
2012
38
May
CA validation
3GPP – RAN
Oct-2013
CA
validation
June
CA WI-162
Val
triggered
April
CA WI
created
June-2014
Rel.11 WI
LTE-CA Enh
closed
GCF
CAG#36
August
PVG#62
PVG#61
2013
Novembe
r
PVG#63
PTCRB
2014
39. Agilent Confidential
LTE-CA: Certification Status (PTCRB)
PTCRB RFT (RFT-103) for Carrier Aggregation:
o
Date of creation: PVG#57, March 2012
o
First validations: PVG#61, June 2013
o
Rapporteur: Jeff Narducci (Motorola)
o
Scope: To cover certification requirements for devices supporting Rel.10 and Rel. 11
Carrier Aggregation essential requirements.
o
Active Band combinations:
FDD CA_4_4 (non-contiguous)
FDD CA_2_17
FDD CA_5_17
FDD CA_4_7
FDD CA_2_4
FDD CA_4_29
FDD CA_5_29
FDD CA_2_29
FDD CA_2_5
40
FDD CA_4_17
FDD CA_4_5
40. Agilent Confidential
LTE-CA: Certification Status (GCF)
GCF Work Item (WI-162) for Carrier Aggregation:
o
Date of creation: CAG#34, April 2013
o
First validations: CAG#36, October 2013
o
Rapporteur: Jussi Kuusisto (Nokia Corporation)
o
Scope: Restricted to Carrier Aggregation for LTE (Release 10 and later) test
coverage.
o
Active Band combinations:
TDD CA_40
(CTTL)
FDD CA_1_21 (NTT Docomo)
TDD CA_41
(Clearwire)
FDD CA_3_8 (KT)
FDD CA_1_5 (LGU+)
FDD CA_1_18 (KDDI)
41
FDD CA_1_29 (NTT Docomo)
TDD CA_38
(CTTL)
41. Agilent Confidential
LTE-CA: 3GPP Status
Most of the CA test cases and procedures defined in Rel-10 for:
INTER-BAND (w/o UL CA) and
INTRA-BAND CONTIGUOUS (with & w/o UL CA)
• RF: 62 test cases
• RRM: 16 test cases
• PCT: 36 test cases
Ongoing! CA TCs in Rel-11 new WI
INTRA-BAND NON-CONTIGUOUS
• RF: 13 test cases
• RRM: TBD
• PCT: 18 test cases
Outlook! New CA TCs expected in Rel-12
INTER-BAND 2 UL
42
43. Agilent Confidential
LTE-CA: RF Test Cases
TS 36.521-1 Radio transmission and reception
Rel. 10
Chapter 6 – Transmitter Characteristics
Output power
Transmitter in-channel (frequency error, EVM, IQ-offset)
Transmitter out-of-channel (ACLR, OBW, SEM)
Chapter 7 – Receiver Characteristics
Reference sensitivity and maximum input
Blocking and IM (ACS, blocking, intermodulation)
Chapter 8 – Performance Requirements
Single antenna
Open Loop SM 2x2
Closed Loop SM 4x2
Chapter 9 – Reporting of CSI
CQI reporting under AWGN
44
44. Agilent Confidential
LTE-CA: RF Test Cases
TS 36.521-1 Radio transmission and reception
Rel. 10
Chapter 6 – Transmitter Characteristics
Output power
Transmitter in-channel (frequency error, EVM, IQ-offset)
21
Transmitter out-of-channel (ACLR, OBW, SEM)
Chapter 7 – Receiver Characteristics
Reference sensitivity and maximum input
Blocking and IM (ACS, blocking, intermodulation)
Chapter 8 – Performance Requirements
Single antenna
Open Loop SM 2x2
Closed Loop SM 4x2
Chapter 9 – Reporting of CSI
CQI reporting under AWGN
45
8
4
1
Intra-Band
DL/UL CA
45. Agilent Confidential
LTE-CA: RF Test Cases
TS 36.521-1 Radio transmission and reception
Rel. 10
Chapter 6 – Transmitter Characteristics
20 TCs
less
Output power
Transmitter in-channel (frequency error, EVM, IQ-offset)
1
Transmitter out-of-channel (ACLR, OBW, SEM)
Chapter 7 – Receiver Characteristics
Reference sensitivity and maximum input
Blocking and IM (ACS, blocking, intermodulation)
Chapter 8 – Performance Requirements
Single antenna
Open Loop SM 2x2
Closed Loop SM 4x2
Chapter 9 – Reporting of CSI
CQI reporting under AWGN
46
8
4
1
Inter-Band
DL CA only
46. Agilent Confidential
LTE-CA: RF Inter-Band Test Cases
Inter-Band without UL CA Test Cases (14)
Number
Name
Section 6: Transmitter Characteristics
6.2.5A.2
Configured UE transmitted Output Power for CA (inter-band DL CA without UL CA)
7.3A.3
Section 7: Receiver Characteristics
Reference sensitivity level for CA (inter-band DL CA without UL CA)
7.4A.3
Maximum input level for CA (inter-band DL CA without UL CA)
7.5A.3
Adjacent Channel Selectivity (ACS) for CA (inter-band DL CA without UL CA)
7.6.1A.3
In-band blocking for CA (inter-band DL CA without UL CA)
7.6.2A.3
Out-of-band blocking for CA (inter-band DL CA without UL CA)
7.6.3A.3
Narrow band blocking for CA (inter-band DL CA without UL CA)
7.7A.3
Spurious response for CA (inter-band DL CA without UL CA)
7.8.1A.3
Wideband intermodulation for CA (inter-band DL CA without UL CA)
Section 8: Performance Requirement
8.2.1.1.1_A.2
FDD PDSCH Single Antenna Port Performance for CA (inter band DL CA)
8.2.1.3.1_A.2
FDD PDSCH Open Loop Spatial Multiplexing 2x2 for CA (inter-band DL CA)
8.2.1.4.2_A.2
FDD PDSCH Closed Loop Multi Layer Spatial Multiplexing 4 x 2 for CA (inter band DL CA)
8.7.1.1_A.2
FDD sustained data rate performance for CA (inter-band DL CA)
Section 9: Performance Requirement
9.6.1.1_A.2
47
FDD CQI Reporting under AWGN conditions – PUCCH 1-0 for CA (inter band DL CA)
47. Agilent Confidential
LTE-CA: Categorization of requirements
Additional Test Requirements:
o Suffix A: Additional requirements to support Carrier Aggregation
o Suffix B: Additional requirements to support UL-MIMO
o Suffix C: TBD
o Suffix D: Additional requirements to support eDL-MIMO
Examples:
7.3A.1
Reference sensitivity level for CA (intra-band contiguous DL CA and UL CA)
7.3A.2
Reference sensitivity level for CA (intra-band contiguous DL CA without UL CA)
7.3A.3
Reference sensitivity level for CA (inter-band DL CA without UL CA)
7.3A.4
Reference sensitivity level for CA (intra-band non-contiguous DL CA without UL CA)
48
48. Agilent Confidential
LTE-CA: Testing challenges (I)
• CA testing requires emulating
multiple cells and
combination of bands.
• Analyze multiple Tx/Rx
chains simultaneously in
multiple bands.
• CA performance test setups
are complex (multiple cells,
faders, AWGN generators and
combination circuitry).
• Complex connections with
test systems due to different
UE antenna configurations.
49
49. Agilent Confidential
LTE-CA: Testing challenges (II)
Test Challenge #1 : Demodulating Inter-Band aggregated
signals require signal analyzer with bandwidth that spans
multiple frequency bands.
Test Challenge #2 : Intermodulation and cross-modulation
within the UE. Need to design front-end components that help
reduce harmonics and other intermodulation products.
Test Challenge #3 : When Inter-Band aggregation and
MIMO spatial multiplexing is combined, test set-ups may
become very complex.
50
50. Agilent Confidential
…to remember…
Carrier aggregation is the first step of LTE
Advanced.
Carrier aggregation is a huge topic in 3GPP.
3GPP Conformance definition is still in progress.
Validation has started. Certification will follow soon...
also in Band 31!
2CC Inter-Band DL (only) is the most demanded CA
flavor today.
Intermodulation and self-blocking is one of the major
RF test challenges.
51
51. Agilent Confidential
Agenda
The “Conformance Ecosystem”
- Concepts, LTE Ecosystem, 3GPP Specs, Validation,
GCF/PTCRB, Certification Database, etc.
LTE-Advanced – 3GPP Status and Certification
overview
- Intro, Carrier Aggregation types, 3GPP CA status, Rel.
11/12., etc.
Beyond Conformance: Carrier Acceptance
Q&A
52
52. LTE Device Acceptance
Based on the work of the “Conformance Ecosystem”
some Network Operators design their own “Acceptance Test Plans”
53
53. Agilent Confidential
Device Acceptance Test Plans
Designed around specific characteristics and conditions of the
wireless network to cover a multitude of scenarios that stress both
network and UEs.
Details of an operator‟s acceptance tests are usually confidential and
differ in specifications tested, measurement limits and
implementation.
Operator‟s technical requirements usually are:
• Regulatory: RF/EMC/Safety tests according to country standards
• Conformance: Tests against specific standards RF/protocol/SIM
• Interoperability: Tests compatibility between devices and devices to
network.
• Functional Tests: Verification of functionalities and features.
• User Experience: Quality tests according to users expectations.
• Reliability: Endurance, extreme tests considering usage and different
54
climatic conditions.
54. Agilent Confidential
Beyond Conformance
Test Set Configuration
with 2 independent LTE
cells.
Covers RF, RRM and
Protocol conformance &
Network Operator Test
Plans
Agilent´s T2010A LTE Test Set
Integrated channel
emulator
and
AWGN generator
Ready for CA Testing
2 CCs, up to MIMO 4x2 each
Combined or independent
TX/RX
3GPP Fading Profiles
+ accuracy as required by 3GPP test standards
+ UL measurements Sensitivity and Receiver Performance
in a One Box solution
Confidential Agilent Technologies
55