LTE Advanced is the next major milestone in the evolution of LTE and is a crucial solution for addressing the anticipated 1000x increase in mobile data. It incorporates multiple dimensions of enhancements including the aggregation of carriers, advanced antenna techniques. But most of the gain comes from optimizing HetNets, resulting in better performance from small cells. Qualcomm Technologies has prototyped and demonstrated the benefits of LTE Advanced HetNets at many global events. The first step of LTE Advanced—Carrier Aggregation, was commercially launched in June 2013. It was powered by Qualcomm Technologies' third generation Gobi LTE modems, integrated into Snapdragon 800 solutions.
For more information please visit www.qualcomm.com/lte-advanced
Download the presentation here: http://www.qualcomm.com/media/documents/lte-advanced-global-4g-solution
2. 2
LTE Advanced: Leading in chipsets and evolution
A key enabler to the 1000x
mobile data challenge1
Brings more capacityout
of small cells and enables
hyper-dense HetNets
2
Brings carrier aggregation—first
launch powered by Qualcomm
SnapdragonTM
3
Continues to evolve and
expand into new areas
Device to device,backhaul, broadcast,
higher bands and more
4
3. 3
Different dimensions of improvements—most gain from HetNets
Leverage HetNets
With advanced interference management (eICIC/IC)
Leverage more antennas
Downlink MIMO up to 8x8, enhanced Multi User MIMO
and uplink MIMO up to 4x4. Coordinated multipoint (CoMP)
Higherspectral
efficiency
(bps/Hz)
Higherspectral
efficiencyper
coverage area
(bps/Hz/km2)
Leverage wider bandwidth
Carrier aggregation across
multiple carriers and multiple bands
Primarily higher
data rates
(bps)
MIMO
LTE
Advanced
Small Cell
Aggregated
Data Pipe
Up to
100 MHz
LTE Carrier #3
LTE Carrier #1
LTE Carrier #4
LTE Carrier #2
LTE Carrier #5
5. 5
Carrier aggregation launched—key to enabling 150 Mbps
Carrier aggregationis the first step of LTE Advanced
Enables 150 Mbpspeak datarates for typical
10MHz + 10MHz deployments
World’sfirst launchpowered by Qualcomm Technologies’
3rd generationGobi modem
8974
LTE Advanced
MDM9x25
LTE Advanced
Downlink (Interband)
10 MHz + 10 MHz
Uplink
10 MHz
Band XBand X Band Y
Snapdragon 800
Note: Snapdragon 800 includes 8974, which integrates our third generation Gobi LTE modem, but Gobi modems are also offered as a standalone modem product
DL LTE
Carrier
DL LTE
Carrier
UL LTE
Carrier
World’s first mobile device with LTE Advanced Carrier Aggregation
poweredby Qualcomm® Snapdragon™ 800 June 2013
Aggregated
Data Pipe
Qualcomm Snapdragon and Qualcomm Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
6. 6
Carrier Aggregation—fatter pipe to enhance user experience
Aggregated
Data Pipe
Up to
100 MHzUp to 20 MHz
Up to 20 MHz
Up to 20 MHz
Up to 20 MHz
Up to 20 MHz
LTE Carrier #3
LTE Carrier #1
LTE Carrier #4
LTE Carrier #2
LTE Carrier #5
Higherpeak
data rates
1
Thetypical bursty nature ofusage, such as web browsing, means that aggregated carriers can support moreusers at the same response (user experience) compared to two individual carriers, given that the for carriers are partiallyloaded which is typical
in real networks. Thegain depends on the load and can exceed 100% for fewer users (less loaded carrier) but less for many users. For completely loaded carrier, there is limited capacity gain between individal carriers and aggregated carriers,
Higheruser data rates
andlower latencies for
all users
More capacity for
typical ‘bursty’ usage1
Leveragesall
spectrum assets
7. 7
Carrier aggregation leverages all spectrum assets
Aggregatefragmented LTE spectrumwithina band
or acrossbands to createa fatter datapipe
Better use of lower spectrumband’s wider coverage
Aggregateunpaired spectrumfor more
downlink capacity—supplemental downlink
Example: Carrier 1 used for wide area macro coverage, butalso by small cell, carrier 2 usedby all nodes, butwithlower poweraround macrocell. Frequency domain interference management(carrier aggregation) canbe combinedwith eICIC(time domain coordination) interference mgnt
1Aggregation of either FDD or TDD from 3GPP R10, aggregationof FDD and TDD withinthe same node and differentnodes (multiflow) are 3GPPR12 candidates
Enhances HetNets
with multiple carriers
7
LTECarrier#3
LTECarrier#1
LTECarrier#4
LTECarrier#2
LTECarrier#5
Macro
Carrier2
Smal cell Small cell
Carrier1
Aggregate within or acrossbands
(FDD or/and TDD)1
e.g. 10MHze.g. 10MHz
SupplementalDownlink
(FDD)
e.g.
2.6 GHz
e.g.
800 MHz
e.g.
700MHz
Balances loadacross carriers
Aggregated
Data Pipe
e.g. 10MHz
8. 8
Load
(Mbps)
Userexperience
Bursty data applications
Carrier aggregation increases capacity for typical network load
1Carrier aggregationdoubles burstrate for all users inthe cell, whichreducesover-the-air latency ~50%, butif the user experience is keptthe same (same burstrate), multicarrier caninstead supportmore usersfor partially loaded carriers.The gaindependsonthe load and canexceed 100% for fewer users
(less loaded carrier) butlessfor many users(starting to resemble full buffer withlimited gain). Source: Qualcomm simulations, 3GPPsimulationframework, FTP traffic model with1MB file size, 57 macro cells wrap-around, 500mISD (D1), 2x2 MIMO, TU3, NLOS, 15 degree downtilt 2GHz spectrum.,
Carrier aggregation capacity gain
Data bursts
Idle time
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 3 6 9 12 15
2 10MHz Single Carriers
10MHz + 10MHz Carrier Aggregation
Partially
loaded
carriers
Burst Rate
(normalized)
6 12 18 24 30
Capacity gain can exceed 2x
(for same user experience)1
9. 9
Qualcomm positioned to lead in LTE carrier aggregation
Q2 2012 Q1 2013 Future
33
CA combinations
45
CA combinations
60+
CA combinations?
More spectrum
> 20 MHz aggregation
3 carrier DL aggregation
2 carrier UL aggregation
TDD + FDD aggregation
24 9
Inter-band Intra-band
34 11
Inter-band Intra-band
Key to high data rates while
maximizing use of fragmented spectrum
45+ band combinations are being
identified in 3GPP
Components/configurations of the type(s) mentioned in this slide are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries..
11. 11
More antennas—large gain from receive diversity
Downlink
Diversity,
MIMO
4 Way
Receive
Diversity
(+ 2 x 2 MIMO)
Note: LTE Advanced R10 and beyond adds up to 8x8 Downlink MIMO (MultipleInput MultipleOutput), enhanced Multi User MIMO and uplink MIMO up to 4x4. Simulations: 3GPPframework, 21 macro cells wrap-around, 500m ISD (D1), 10MHz FDD,
carrier freq 2GHz, 25 UEs per cell, TU 3km/h, full-buffer traffic, no imbalanceor correlation among antennas. 2x4 MIMO used for receive diversity gain of1.7x compared to 2x2 MIMO, similarly2x3 diversityprovides a 1.3xgain over 2x2 MIMO
MAINSTREAM
COMMERCIAL
LARGE GAIN,
NO STANDARDS OR
NETWORK IMPACT
Device
1.7x
1x 2 x 2 MIMO
Relative spectral efficiencyNodeB
12. 12
Coordinated
scheduling
Coordinated
beamforming
Joint
transmission
Leverage multiple antennas with fiber installations
Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) progression for more capacity and better user experience
Remote Radio
Head (RRH) Macro Remote Radio
Head (RRH)
Note: CoMP enabled by TM9 or TM10 transmissionmodesinthe device and network. Picture focuses ondownlink CoMP techniques, CoMP also appliesto the uplink
Central
processing/scheduling
(requireslow latencyfiber)
Same or different cell identity across multiple cells
Remote Radio
Head (RRH)
13. 13
It’s not just about adding small cells — LTE Advanced brings
even more capacity and enables hyper-dense HetNets1
1By applying advancedinterference managementto HetNets, a.k.a eICIC/IC
Higher capacity, network load balancing, enhanced user experience,user fairness
Small cell
Range Expansion
14. 14
Increased network capacity and enhanced user experience
Macro+
4 Picos
Macro
Only
Data rate improvement2
2.8X
Macro+
4 Picos
1.4X
1X
LTER8
LTER8
LTEAdvanced
withRangeExpansion
Small cell
Range Expansion
(eICIC/IC)
1By applying advancedinterference managementto HetNets. 2Median downlink data rate. Assumptions: 4 Picos addedper macro and 33% of users dropped inclusterscloserto picos (hotspots): 10 MHz FDD, 2x2 MIMO, 25 users and500m ISD. Advancedinterference management:
enhanced time-domainadaptive resource partitioning, advancedreceiver deviceswithenhanced RRM and RLM1Similargainfor the uplink
15. 15
More users benefit from small cells with range expansion
Assumptions: TR 36.814, Macro ISD=500m, 100
antenna downtilt 25 UEs per Macro cell, uniform random layout, 10 MHz FDD, 2x2 MIMO.
1And enhanced RRM and RLM to allow handover to weak cells, to maintain reliablelink with weak cells, and to provide accurate feedback with resourcepartitioning. Standards name eICIC: Enhanced
inter-cell interference coordination 2
For uniform, random user distribution
Range expansion
6% 12%
26%
37%
57%
82%
2 4 10
Number of Picos per Macro Cell
Range Expansion
LTE R8
More users on small cell2
better macro offload
Enabled By:
Adaptive Resource Partitioning (eICIC)1
Advanced Receiver Devices with Interference Cancellation (IC)
Small cell
16. 16
The Secret Sauce
Advanced Interference Management (eICIC/IC)
Advanced
receiver
devices
(IC)2
Fullbackward
compatibility
(ABS)3
Adaptive
resource
partitioning
(eICIC)1
1
eICIC (R10) and FeICIC (R11) stands for (Further) enhanced Inter Cell Interference Coordination 2
IC (R11) stands for Interference Cancellation 3
ABS (R10) is to continueto transmit overhead channels in ‘Almost Blank Subframes’ to support legacy devices
17. 17
Adaptive resource partitioning (eICIC):
Macro
Small
Cells
Macro
Small
Cells
Macro
Small
Cells
Time
eICIC (R10) stands for enhanced Inter Cell Interference Coordination (coordination in thetimedomain). Also need enhanced RRM and RLM to allow handover to weak cells, to maintain reliablelink with weak cells, and to provide accurate feedback with resource
partitioning.
18. 18
To discover
Small Cells
To enable higher
data rates
To enable full
range expansion
Advanced receiver devices with interference cancellation
Cancelling overhead channels benefits all deployment scenarios,
but most gain together with network interferencecoordination (eICIC)
Device interference cancellation cancels overhead channels such as such as synch, broadcast and common reference signal(CRS). Performance requirements part of 3GPP R11
19. 19
Our Over-The-Air HetNet
Macrocells and picocells in a co-channel
deployment since March 2011
Demonstrating pico discovery and range
expansion with mobility since 2012
Opportunistic Hetnets with full VoIP
mobility demonstrated since 2013
Our LTE Advanced testbed today—your network tomorrow
Evaluating the design and features to realize
the full benefits of heterogeneous networks
21. 21
LTE Advanced is a key enabler to the 1000x data challenge
1000x
Note: neighborhood small cells and ASA are notcovered inthis presentation, see www.qualcomm.com/hetNets and www.qual;comm.com/spectrum for more details.
Hetnets with eICIC/IC
interference management
New deployment models, e.g.
neighborhood small cells
Continue to evolve LTE:
Multiflow, Hetnets enhancements
Opportunistic HetNets
LTE Direct for proximity services
LTE Broadcast
Carrier Aggregation (TDD and FDD)
Authorized Shared Access (ASA)
Higher spectrum bands (esp. TDD)
22. 22
1 Assumptions: Pico type of small cell, 10MHz@2GHz + 10MHz@3.6GHz,D1 scenario macro 500m ISD, uniform user distributionscenario. Gainis medianthroughputimprovement, from baseline withmacro only on 10MHz@2GH,partof gainis additionof 10MHz
spectrum. Usersuniformly distributed—a hotspotscenario could provide higher gains. Macro and outdoor small cells sharing spectrum (co-channel)
Roadmap to 1000x: Capacity scales with small cells deployed
thanks to advanced interference management (eICIC/IC)
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
Capacityscaleswith small cells added1
LTE Advanced with2x Spectrum added
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELLSMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
+4 Small
Cells
~6X
+16 Small
Cells
~21X
+32Small
Cells
~37X
~11X
+8 Small
Cells
LTE Advanced, showingwhat is possiblenow,addspectrum and
improved techniquesfor gradual increase towards 1000x
23. 23
LTE expanding
into new areas
LTE Advanced continues to evolve and expand into new areas
Further enhancements—3GPP R12 and Beyond
M2M
enhancements
Tighter Wi-Fi
interworking
Enhanced
HetNets
Such as Opportunistic HetNets,
Multiflow, next gen.
advanced receivers
24. 24
HetNets: combining multiple cells and technologies
Improved offload
to small cells
Efficient network
load balancing
Improved
mobility
Macro
Small Cell
WAN
‘Booster’
Across carriers1,
across FDD/TDD2
WAN
‘Anchor’
Across cells
—multiflow2
Interworking across
technologies3
Wi-Fi
‘Booster’
1 Carrier aggregation from R10 LTE within FDD or TDD.2 Multiflow is a 3GPPR12 LTEcandidate., aswell as FDDand TDDaggregation. 3 RAN interworkingacross LTE, HSPA+ and Wi-Fi is a 3GPPR12 candidate.
25. 25
HetNets: next generation advanced receivers
1Performance requirement added to 3GPP for cancellation of common signaling (PSS/SSS/PBCH/CRS) in Rel 10/11. 2Broad study on UE interference suppression with & without network assistancein 3GPPR12
LTE advanced can cancel
common signaling1
To mitigate interference—even
more beneficial in dense HetNets
Next step for LTE advanced:
further enhanced LTE receivers2
Interference Cancellation
Inter cell
interference
Serving cell
26. 26
Dense HetNets: opportunistic small cells
Device triggered small cells
(on/dormant)
Reduces energy
consumption
Reduces interference to
further improve capacity
Possible today1
1 Dormantsmall cells triggered by the presence of active devicesinthe vicinity
27. 27
Tighter Wi-Fi—3G/4G interworking
Convergenceof Cellular
and Wi-Fi Infrastructure
CombineWi-Fi
and 3G/4G
1) Seamless Access—
Passpoint/Hotspot2.01
2) Operator Deployed Wi-Fi
access managed via 3G/4G2
1 Passpointis the WFA certified implementationof hotspot2.0, (supportedby QCA,Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.), which enables a simpler, secure and seamless access to Wi-Fi networks.
2 Such as more dynamic control of whichtraffic to offload to Wi-Fi throughdevice centric and/or network centric solutions. Standards enhancements for RAN network centric interworkingapproaches consideredfor R12 and beyond.
28. 28
Low data rate
Small data size
Infrequent transmissions
/receptions
Limited power source
Machine to machine communication enhancements
FURTHER3GPP R12
ENHANCEMENTS SUCH AS:
New low data-rate device category
Bundling and long repetitions
New dormant state
Reduced signaling Increased
batterylife
Long range
Low cost
29. 29
LTE evolving and expanding into new areas
LTE Direct: integrated device to
device discovery & communication
for proximity services
Backhaul solutions with
LTE waveform line of sight,
non line of sight, relays
Enhancements to
support much higher
spectrum bands
Dynamic LTE broadcast,
also going into areas
beyond mobile
~3.5GHz
First step towards
higher bands
Same content
30. 30
Summary: Qualcomm LTE advanced leadership
MDM 9x25
LTE Advanced
8974
LTE Advanced
Standards Leadership
A main contributor to key
LTE Advanced features
Major contributor for ITU
IMT-Advanced submission
Instrumental in driving eICIC/IC
Industry-firstDemos
MWC 2011: Live HetNet Demo
MWC 2012: Live Over-The-Air HetNet
Demo with Mobility
MWC 2013: Live OTA opportunistic
HetNet Demo with VoIP Mobility.
Authorized Shared Access (ASA) demo
Industry-firstChipsets
Third generation Gobi LTE modem
launched June 13’ with carrier aggregation in
Snapdragon 800
Snapdragon 800
Qualcomm Snapdragon and Qualcomm Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
33. 33
A strong LTE evolution path
Note: Estimated commercial dates.
LTE LTE Advanced
DL: 73– 150 Mbps1
UL: 36 – 75 Mbps1
(10 MHz – 20MHz)
DL: 3 Gbps2
UL: 1.5Gbps2
( Up to 100 MHz)
Commercial
20142013 2015 2016+
Rel-12 & BeyondRel-10Rel-9Rel-8 Rel-11
FDD and TDD
support
Carrier Aggregation, relays,
HetNets (eICIC/IC), Adv MIMO
LTE Direct, Hetnets enhancements,
Multiflow, WiFi interworking,
Realizes full benefits of
HetNets (FeICIC/IC)
Enhanced voice fallback(CSFB),
VoLTE, LTE Broadcast (eMBMS)
1Peak rates for 10 MHz or 20 MHz FDD using 2x2 MIMO, standard supports 4x4 MIMO enabling peak rates of 300 Mbps.
2
Peak data rate can exceed 1 Gbps using 4x4 MIMO and at least 80 MHz of spectrum (carrier aggregation), or 3GBps with 8x8
MIMO and 100MHz of spectrum. Similarly, the uplink can reach 1.5Gbps with 4x4 MIMO.
Created 7/18/2013