Dystonia is a movement disorder in which a person's muscles contract uncontrollably. The contraction causes the affected body part to twist involuntarily, resulting in repetitive movements or abnormal postures. Dystonia can affect one muscle, a muscle group, or the entire body.
Dystonia is a movement disorder in which a person's muscles contract uncontrollably. The contraction causes the affected body part to twist involuntarily, resulting in repetitive movements or abnormal postures. Dystonia can affect one muscle, a muscle group, or the entire body.
FA is a very rare, genetic, recessive disease, affecting 1/50,000 people.
Originates from mutations in the “coding” of the mitochondria.
Discovered by Nicholaus Friedreich in the early 1860’s.
Both parents must have the dominant trait for a 25% chance of an offspring possessing the disease.
Not necessarily a disease that kills you, but eventually a wheelchair and regular assistance will be required.
Onset before age 20-25 year.
Detailed description of clinical examination of higher mental functions like conscoiusness, cognition, memory, pereception,etc. in neurological conditions.
Brown sequard syndrome or transverse hemisection syndrome
Causes symptoms and treatment of brown sequard syndrome
Background about the disease
Neural tracts
Ascending and descending pathways of the spinal cord (motor and sensory pathways)
Pathophysiology of brown sequard syndrome
FA is a very rare, genetic, recessive disease, affecting 1/50,000 people.
Originates from mutations in the “coding” of the mitochondria.
Discovered by Nicholaus Friedreich in the early 1860’s.
Both parents must have the dominant trait for a 25% chance of an offspring possessing the disease.
Not necessarily a disease that kills you, but eventually a wheelchair and regular assistance will be required.
Onset before age 20-25 year.
Detailed description of clinical examination of higher mental functions like conscoiusness, cognition, memory, pereception,etc. in neurological conditions.
Brown sequard syndrome or transverse hemisection syndrome
Causes symptoms and treatment of brown sequard syndrome
Background about the disease
Neural tracts
Ascending and descending pathways of the spinal cord (motor and sensory pathways)
Pathophysiology of brown sequard syndrome
Lecture by Prof. Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Edin), FRCP(Glasg), FRCP(Ire), FRCP(Lond), FACP, FAHA, to consolidate information pre-Task Based Learning about Limb Weakness. This lecture addresses lower motor neurons lesions and signs, their localization, and rationale for choosing diagnostic investigations. The next lecture will be about lower motor neuron lesions.
Hypoxia :types , causes,and its effects Aqsa Mushtaq
hypoxia :oxygen defecincy at tissue level.in these slides you are going to in touch with its types ,causes effects.share whatever you wanted to say comment us .
these notes are provided by our loving mam MAM SANIA .thanks to teach us mam :)
Skimming and scanning RELATED TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR AND help us in difficult ways of life .provided to us by our kind hearted teacher MAM HADIA .say whatever in your heart and we respect your suggestion.
skin and fascia description for medical students from clinical anatomy by richard s. snell .you get everything you want follow me back and tell anything which is in your heart :) <3
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
4. The motor system is the part of the central nervous
system that is involved with movement.
It consists of :
Pyramidal and extrapyramidal system tracts from
UMN & LMN
5. A motor neuron is a nerve cell (neuron)
whose cell body is located in the spinal
cord and whose fiber (axon) projects
outside the spinal cord to directly or
indirectly control effector organs, mainly
muscles and glands.
Motor neurons' axons are efferent
nerve fibers that carry signals from the
spinal cord to the effectors to produce
effects.
6.
7. Types of motor neurons
There are two types of motor neurons:
1. Upper motor neuron
2. Lower motor neuron
8. Upper motor neurons (UMNs)
are motor neurons that originate either in
the motor region of the cerebral cortex or in
the brain stem and carry motor information
down to the lower motor neurons.
9.
10. LOWER MOTOR NEURON
are neurons whose cells bodies are located in
either the ventral (anterior) horn of the spinal
cord gray matter and in the motor nuclei of
the cranial nerves in the brainstem.
11. All voluntary movement depend
upon excitation of lower motor
neuron by upper motor neuron .
These are the only neurons that
innervate the skeletal muscle
fibers, they function as the final
common pathway, the final link
between the CNS and skeletal
muscles
12.
13. A lesion is any abnormal
damage or change in the
tissue of an organism,
usually caused by disease
or trauma.
Lesion is derived from the
Latin word laesio meaning
injury.
14. Destruction of motors
which supply the
muscles.
It starts from anterior
horn cell ends at the
muscles.
15. Lower motor neurons are classified based on
the type of muscle fiber they innervate:
Alpha motor neurons (α-MNs)
Gamma motor neurons (γ-MNs)
16. Alpha motor neurons (α-MNs)
Alpha motor neurons (α-MNs)
innervate extra fusal muscle
fibers, the most numerous type
of muscle fiber and the one
involved in muscle contraction.
17. Gamma motor neurons
(γ-MNs)
Gamma motor neurons (γ-MNs)
innervate intrafusal muscle fibers,
which together with sensory
afferents compose muscle
spindles.
These are part of the system for
sensing body position
(proprioception)
18. 1. Destruction in the anterior horn
cell : Poliomyelitis, motor neuron
diseases
2. Motor nerve (peripheral) is affected
: Traumatic stress, peripheral
neuropathy.
3. Abnormal stimulation at
Neuromuscular junction:
Myasthenia gravis
4. Myomatous for muscles : Neoplasm
"Truma“, muscular dystrophies.
19. 1- Motor affection:
2- Reflex affection in LMNL:
3- Reaction of degeneration (Electric
current):
20. 1- Motor affection:
1. Flaccid paralysis : Defection in
the muscle. Loss of ability to a
body part.
2. Muscle wasting : Atrophy in the
muscle due to losing of muscle
function (Muscle can not contract
voluntary but reflex).
3. Atonia : complete loss of muscle
tone as the nerve fibers is
affected.
4. Facial nerve: it affects one half
of face.(Bells palsy)
21. Bell's palsy
Bell's palsy is a condition in
which the muscles on one side of
your face become weak or
paralyzed.
It affects only one side of the face
at a time, causing it to droop or
become stiff on that side.
It's caused by some kind of
trauma to the seventh cranial
nerve. This is also called the
“facial nerve.”
23. No evidence support electrical
stimulation benefit for acute
facial paralysis but it's effective
for chronic condition
Ultrasound can be beneficial for
acute conditions
24. 2- Reflex affection in LMNL:
1. Deep reflex : Loss of deep
reflex.
2. Superficial reflex : still going
if the muscle isn’t affected.
Bibinski sign is negative.
3. Absence of tonic neck
reflex
25.
26. Tonic neck reflex Fencing
posture
When newborn lie on their backs,
their head usually turn to one side or
the other.
The arm and the legs on the side
toward which the head turns extend,
and the opposite arm and leg
contract.
This is also called the boxer or
fencing reflex.
The reflex disappears between the
second and third months of life
27. 3- Reaction of degeneration
(Electric current):
1. Prolonged chronaxie "Time
to get stimulation“
2. Respond to faraday current
only without galvanic
current.
3. Fibrillation: Irregular
unorganized invisible
spontaneous contraction of
muscle.
Pyramidal tract • the pyramidal tract or the corticospinal tract, start in the motor center of the cerebral cortex i.e: precentral gyrus of cerebral cortex . • The axons of these cells pass in the cerebral cortex to internal capsule and continue to the midbrain and the medulla oblongata. In the lower part of Medulla oblongata 80 to 85% of these fibers (pass to the opposite side) and descend in the white matter of the spinal cord on the opposite side. The remaining 15 to 20% pass to the same side.
4. • The fibers of the corticospinal tract terminate at different levels in the anterior horn of the grey matter of the spinal cord. Here the lower motor neurons (LMN) of the corticospinal cord are located. Peripheral motor nerves carry the motor impulses from the anterior horn to the voluntary muscles. • Extrapyramidal motor system : consists of motor-modulation systems, particularly the basal ganglia and cerebellum.
beta motor neurons, and alpha motor neurons,
gamma motor neurons
LOWER MOTOR NEURON LESION• Flaccid paralesis• Muscle atrophy and Hyporeflexia• Muscle hypotonicity• Fasciculations
• BULBAR PALSY• is a similar disorder as psedobulbar palsy but is caused by lower motor neuron lesions• It consists of LMN signs in regions innervated by the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X) and hypoglossal (XII
Biofeedback is more effective when muscle activity presents