This document provides information about the past simple and past continuous tenses in English. It discusses seven group members working on the topic. It defines tense and explains how verb tenses are categorized based on time frame (present, past, future) and aspect (simple, continuous, perfect, perfect continuous). It then focuses on the past tense and defines the past simple and past continuous tenses. It provides examples of their structures in affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences. It also discusses their uses for completed actions, habits, durations, and interrupted actions. Finally, it highlights the differences between the simple past and past continuous tenses.
Sentence Types Structural classification (Part I: Simple, Compound, Compound-Complex Sentence)
Compiled by: Belachew Weldegebriel
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
Types of Sentences: Structural
Sentences are classified in to four according to their structure i.e. the type and number of clauses it consists.
1. Simple Sentence
2. Compound Sentence
3. Complex Sentence
4. Compound-Complex Sentence
1.Simple Sentence
A simple sentence, also called an independent clause, contains a subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought.
The dog barked.
The baby cried.
Girma and Alemu play football every afternoon.
St. George played well and won the game.
Simple Sentence
A simple sentence contains a subject and verb.
It expresses a single complete thought.
A simple sentence is a single independent clause.
A simple sentence might have a compound subject and/or compound verb.
Simple Sentence withCompound Subject and/or Compound Verb
The simple sentence may have a compound subject: The dog and the cat howled.
It may have a compound verb:
The dog howled and barked.
It may have a compound subject and a compound verb:
The dog and the cat howled and yowled respectively.
2. Compound Sentence
A compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences joined by
(1) a comma followed by a coordinating conjunction
(and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so):
The dog barked, and the cat yowled.
(2) a semicolon:
The dog barked; the cat yowled.
(3) a comma, but ONLY when the simple sentences
are being treated as items in a series:
The dog barked, the cat yowled, and the rabbit
chewed.
Compound Sentence
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator. The coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS).
A compound sentence can also consist of two independent clauses joined by semi-colon
3. Complex Sentence
A complex sentence contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
A. When he handed in his homework, he
forgot to give the teacher the last page. B. The teacher returned the homework after
she noticed the error. C. The students are studying because they
have a test tomorrow.D. After they finished studying, Juan and
Maria went to the movies. E. Juan and Maria went to the movies after
they finished studying.
COMPLEX SENTENCES / ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
A. The woman who(m) my mom talked to
sells cosmetics.B. The book that Jonathan read is on the shelf.C. A girl whom I know was recently accepted
to Harvard University.
D. The Eiffel Tower, which is located in Paris,
is visited by millions of tourists annually.
The underlined part is the independent clause.
Sentence Types Structural classification (Part I: Simple, Compound, Compound-Complex Sentence)
Compiled by: Belachew Weldegebriel
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
Types of Sentences: Structural
Sentences are classified in to four according to their structure i.e. the type and number of clauses it consists.
1. Simple Sentence
2. Compound Sentence
3. Complex Sentence
4. Compound-Complex Sentence
1.Simple Sentence
A simple sentence, also called an independent clause, contains a subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought.
The dog barked.
The baby cried.
Girma and Alemu play football every afternoon.
St. George played well and won the game.
Simple Sentence
A simple sentence contains a subject and verb.
It expresses a single complete thought.
A simple sentence is a single independent clause.
A simple sentence might have a compound subject and/or compound verb.
Simple Sentence withCompound Subject and/or Compound Verb
The simple sentence may have a compound subject: The dog and the cat howled.
It may have a compound verb:
The dog howled and barked.
It may have a compound subject and a compound verb:
The dog and the cat howled and yowled respectively.
2. Compound Sentence
A compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences joined by
(1) a comma followed by a coordinating conjunction
(and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so):
The dog barked, and the cat yowled.
(2) a semicolon:
The dog barked; the cat yowled.
(3) a comma, but ONLY when the simple sentences
are being treated as items in a series:
The dog barked, the cat yowled, and the rabbit
chewed.
Compound Sentence
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator. The coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS).
A compound sentence can also consist of two independent clauses joined by semi-colon
3. Complex Sentence
A complex sentence contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
A. When he handed in his homework, he
forgot to give the teacher the last page. B. The teacher returned the homework after
she noticed the error. C. The students are studying because they
have a test tomorrow.D. After they finished studying, Juan and
Maria went to the movies. E. Juan and Maria went to the movies after
they finished studying.
COMPLEX SENTENCES / ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
A. The woman who(m) my mom talked to
sells cosmetics.B. The book that Jonathan read is on the shelf.C. A girl whom I know was recently accepted
to Harvard University.
D. The Eiffel Tower, which is located in Paris,
is visited by millions of tourists annually.
The underlined part is the independent clause.
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6. BASED ON TIME FRAME
THE VERB TENSES MAY BE CATEGORIZED
ACCORDING TO THE TIME FRAME
PRESENT TENSE
PAST TENSE
FUTURE TENSE
7.
8. BASED ON ASPECT
ASPECT REFERS TO THE NATURE
OF THE ACTION DESCRIBED BY
THE VERB
1. SIMPLE OR INDEFINITE
2. CONTINUOS OR
PROGRESSIVE
3. PERFECT OR COMPLETE
4. PERFECT CONTINUOS
9. PAST TENSE
• REFERS TO A VERB TENSE THAT
EXPRESSES ACTIONS OR STATES IN
THE PAST.
• IT IS A VERB FORM THAT SHOW
ACTION THAT HAS ALREADY TAKEN
PLACE.
15. MORE EXAMPLES
• IT STOPPED RAINING.
• THEY INVITED THEIR FRIENDS.
• SHE WALKED TO SCHOOL.
• THEY WATCHED A FILM.
• JUNIORS ARRANGED A FAREWELL PARTY FOR
THE SENIORS.
• I WROTE A LETTER.
• YOU SOLVED A SUM.
16. PAST TENSE TIME
EXPRESSIONS
Past tense time expressions are words or
phrases in sentences that indicates when the
action occurred.
EXAMPLES:
Yesterday 5 days ago
Last night 3 weeks ago
Last week 7 years ago
10 min ago 4 months ago
17. EXAMPLES WITH TIME
EXPRESSIONS:
• I WORKED HARD LAST WEEKEND.
• I WENT TO PARIS LAST JULY.
• I WENT THE BEACH LAST SUNDAY.
• I BOUGHT A NEW PEN YESTERDAY.
18. ENGLISH HAS TWO
TYPES OF VERBS IN THE
PAST TENSE:
1. REGULAR VERBS
2. IRREGULAR VERBS
19. DO YOU KNOW ABOUT REGULAR
AND IRREGULAR VERBS IN PAST
TENSE?
20. Most verbs are regular verbs
Regular verbs are those whose past
tense and past participles are formed
by adding a -d or an -ed to the end of
the verb. "To roll" is a good example of
a regular verb: roll, rolled, rolled.
21. ADD - ed ADD - d
Needed
Posted
Shouted
Talked
Walked
Played
Asked
Moved
Loved
Closed
Danced
Arrived
22.
23. IRREGULAR VERBS
Irregular verbs are common verbs in the English
language that do not follow the simple system
of adding “d” or “ed” to the end of the word to
form the past tense. That means the spellings
can be a little tricky. Some irregular verbs follow
patterns, such as drink–drank, spring–sprang,
know-knew, and blow-blew but we can’t use
those patterns with predictability.
Unfortunately, learning irregular verbs means
memorization.
24.
25. LOOK AT THESE VERBS!
ARE THEY REGULAR OR IRREGULAR?
1. DANCED
2. PLAYED
3. CAME
4. BOUGHT
5. READ
6. CUT
7. WROTE
8. WENT
9. LIKED
27. EXAMPLE OF NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
• I DID NOT WANT TO LEARN ENGLISH.
• YOU DID NOT LISTEN TO MUSIC
YESTERDAY.
• WE DID NOT LIVE IN KARACHI TWO
YEARS AGO.
• THE DOG DID NOT BARK OFTEN.
• SHE DID NOT BUY A NEW DRESS THIS
WEEKEND FOR THE PARTY.
28. NEGATIVE SENTENCES
WITH TIME EXPRESSIONS:
• I DID NOT LIVE IN FLAT DURING MY LAST
SUMMER HOLIDAYS.
• I DID NOT GO TO KARACHI LAST JULY.
30. EXAMPLE OF INTERROGATIVE
SENTENCES:
• DID HE WORK YESTERDAY?
• DID SHE SEE HIM LASR NIGHT?
• DID YOU GO TO THE SUPER MARKET?
• DID SHE PLAY FOOTBALL?
• DID YOU LIVE IN LAHORE?
• DID YOU WANT TO LEARN ENGLISH?
34. AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
SIMPLE PAST TENSE : REGULAR VERBS
I
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
WORKED
I
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
DID NOT
WORK
I
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
WORK?DID
37. 1. If a regular verb ends in
a consonant and y (or if
the final syllable of a regular verb ends in this
way),
change the y to i and then add -ed:
apply / applied; bury / buried; cry / cried;
copy / copied; defy / defied; fry / fried;
falsify / falsified; hurry / hurried; modify /
modified;
pity / pitied; qualify / qualified; reply / replied;
spy / spied; supply / supplied; try / tried
38. 2. If a regular verb ends in a vowel and y (or if the
final syllable of a regular verb ends in this way),
do not change the y to i and then add -ed:
annoy / annoyed; dismay / dismayed; enjoy /
enjoyed;
obey / obeyed; play / played; stay / stayed
3. If a regular verb ends in x, add only - ed. Do not
double the x:
box / boxed; fax / faxed; mix / mixed; tax / taxed
4. Regular verbs ending in other spelling patterns
usually
add -ed.
40. 1. COMPLETED ACTIONS IN THE PAST:
• To express the idea that an action started and
finished at specific time in the past.
For example:
I saw a movie yesterday.
I did not see a movie yesterday.
Last year, I travelled to japan.
41. 2- A SERIES OF COMPLETED ACTIONS:
• To list a series of completed actions in the past.
These actions happened 1st,2nd ,3rd and 4th ,and
so on.
For example:
1. I finished work, walked to the beach , and
found a nice place to swim.
2. He arrived at the airport at 8:00, checked into
the hotel at 9:00, and meet the others at 10:00.
42. 3 : Duration in Past
• Can be used with a duration which starts and
stops in the past. A duration is a longer action
often indicated by expressions such as: for two
years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.
Examples:
I lived in Japan for two years.
Ayesha studied Japanese for five years.
They sat at the beach all day.
We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.
43. 4 : Habits in the Past
• To describe a habit which stopped in the past. It
can have the same meaning as "used to." To
make it clear that we are talking about a habit,
we often add expressions such as: always, often,
usually, never, when I was a child, when I was
younger, etc.
Examples:
I studied French when I was a child.
Did you play a musical instrument when you were
a kid?
44. 5 : Past Facts
or
Generalizations
• The Simple Past can also be used to describe
past facts or generalizations which are no
longer true.
Examples:
She was shy as a child, but now she is very
outgoing.
He didn't like tomatoes before.
46. • It is used to express a continued or ongoing
action in past, an ongoing action which
occurred in past and completed at some point
in past.
• For example, “he was laughing.” This
sentence shows ongoing action (laughing) of a
person which occurred in past.
• Past continuous tense is also called
past progressive.
56. Negative sentences Examples
1-They were not laughing at the joker.
2-He was not taking exam last month.
3-You were not waiting for him yesterday.
4-She was not working in a factory.
5-It was not raining yesterday.
58. Interrogative sentences
examples:
1. Were they laughing at the joker?
2. Was he taking exam last month?
3. Were you waiting for him yesterday?
4. Was she working in a factory?
5. Was it raining yesterday?
60. Use 1:
Two (or more) actions that were in progress in
the past at the same time.
For Example:
1. While I was reading, he was writing.
2. I was studying while my brother was
watching tv.
61. Use 2:
For descriptions :
For example:
She looked like a princess. She was wearing a
long, silk dress and her eyes were shining.
62. Use 2:
To express an interrupted past activity.
For example:
1. I was having a shower when the phone rang.
2. I was walking home when it started to rain.
63. Use 3:
Often in sentences with the past simple to refer
to longer, background activities, while the past
simple refers to shorter, completed actions.
For example:
1. The children were playing in the garden when
their parents arrived.
64. Use 4:
Repeated actions (often with always).
For example:
1. They were always fighting.
2. She was always complaining about her job.
65. Use 5:
To start a story / create an atmosphere:
For example:
1. While I was driving to work yesterday ,the
sun was shining and the birds were singing.