Lecture11
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The document summarizes key ideas from a Physics 101 lecture on momentum and impulse. It includes exam results to show how students typically score, definitions of impulse as the change in momentum and momentum as mass times velocity, and examples demonstrating conservation of momentum through collisions where the total momentum before and after remains the same.
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The document discusses momentum, impulse, and collisions. It defines momentum as the product of mass and velocity, and impulse as the product of force and time interval. Impulse causes a change in momentum based on Newton's second law. The law of conservation of momentum, which states the total momentum of objects in a system remains constant, is applied to collisions. Collisions can be perfectly elastic, partially resilient, or completely without resilience, determining if kinetic energy is also conserved. Rocket motion relies on conservation of momentum as gases ejected downward propel the rocket upward.
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This document discusses impulse and how it relates to changes in an object's momentum. It defines impulse as being equal to the force applied to an object multiplied by the time interval over which the force acts. It also states that impulse is equal to the change in an object's momentum. The document provides examples of how changing the time over which a force acts can affect the force and an object's momentum. It discusses cases where increasing, decreasing, or maintaining an object's momentum and relates this to impulse.
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The document discusses momentum, impulse, and Newton's laws of motion. It defines momentum as the product of an object's mass and velocity, and explains that the net force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of its momentum according to Newton's second law. It also describes the principle of conservation of momentum in isolated systems, and defines elastic and inelastic collisions. Finally, it states that impulse is equal to the change in an object's momentum, where impulse is defined as the product of net force and the time interval for which it acts.
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The document discusses linear momentum, impulse, and the conservation of momentum during collisions. It defines linear momentum as the product of an object's mass and velocity. It also states that the time rate of change of linear momentum is equal to the net force acting on an object. Impulse is defined as the force acting on an object times the change in momentum. The document outlines elastic collisions, in which both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved, and inelastic collisions, where kinetic energy is not conserved though momentum remains conserved. It provides examples of calculating momentum and velocities before and after both perfectly inelastic and elastic collisions.
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The document discusses key physics concepts related to motion, forces, energy, and electricity. It defines terms like speed, velocity, acceleration, force, work, power, kinetic energy, potential energy, current, voltage, and resistance. Formulas are provided for calculating these values along with example problems and explanations of physics principles.
Chapter 6 - Giancoli - Work and Energy
This document provides an overview of work, energy, and potential energy concepts from a physics textbook chapter. It defines key terms like kinetic energy, potential energy, conservative forces, and introduces the work-energy theorem. Examples of calculating work done by gravity and changes in kinetic and potential energy are presented. The history of Joule's experiment demonstrating the equivalence between work, heat, and energy transfer is briefly described.
Lecture02
The document discusses forces and equilibrium examples in physics. It covers textbook sections on Newton's laws of motion, free body diagrams, friction, gravity, springs, tension, and two-dimensional examples. Examples include calculating the force needed to keep a block from sliding down an incline and finding the tension in a string suspending a mass.
Lecture Ch 07
1. Chapter 7 discusses linear momentum and its relationship to force, conservation of momentum during collisions, and the conservation of energy and momentum in elastic and inelastic collisions.
2. Momentum is defined as mass times velocity (p=mv) and changes due to an applied net force according to Newton's Second Law (Δp/Δt=F).
3. During collisions, the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant due to the conservation of momentum, which can be used to analyze collisions.
Ch8 - 1 Friction.pdf
The document discusses analyzing wedges using free body diagrams (FBDs). It explains that to determine the force required to push or pull a wedge, FBDs must be drawn of both the wedge and the object on top of it. The key steps are to assume impending slippage, draw the FBDs showing all relevant forces, and then apply equations of equilibrium and friction to solve for the required force. An example problem demonstrates this process and finds the minimum force needed to remove a wedged object.
Lecture07
This document summarizes key concepts from a physics lecture:
1) Motion in two dimensions can be analyzed independently in the x and y directions using vectors like position, velocity, and acceleration.
2) Newton's laws of motion, including F=ma and Newton's Third Law, apply to both the x and y directions.
3) Relative motion problems can be solved by adding vector components of velocity relative to different reference frames.
6 newton law and gravitation
This document summarizes key points from a Physics 111 lecture on Newton's laws of motion. It recaps centripetal acceleration and introduces Newton's three laws: (1) objects in motion stay in motion unless acted on by an external force, (2) force equals mass times acceleration, and (3) for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Examples are provided to illustrate applying Newton's second law to calculate acceleration from force and mass. Gravity is discussed as an example of a force that acts at a distance.
Motion
This document discusses concepts related to motion including distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration, uniformly accelerated motion, free fall, projectile motion, and circular motion. Key equations are provided for calculating displacement, velocity, acceleration, maximum height reached, time of flight, and range. Sample problems demonstrate applying these concepts and equations to calculate values like acceleration, time, height, distance, and velocity in scenarios involving objects in motion under gravity or along an inclined plane. Newton's laws of motion are also summarized.
JC A Level H2 Physics Dynamics Notes
- A parachutist falling at constant velocity has a drag force equal to their weight due to the net force being zero.
- Newton's second law and free body diagrams are used to analyze forces on objects like cars and boxes on slopes.
- Impulse is used to relate average force and change in momentum to analyze collisions over short periods of time.
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This document summarizes key concepts from a physics lecture on special relativity. It discusses how measurements of time, length, and simultaneity depend on the observer's inertial reference frame. The three main points are: 1) time dilation causes moving clocks to run slow relative to proper time in the rest frame; 2) length contraction makes moving objects appear shorter than their proper length; 3) whether two events occur simultaneously is frame-dependent. Examples are provided to illustrate time dilation, length contraction, and their consequences.
Lect27 handout
1) Nuclear reactions conserve nucleon number, charge, and energy/momentum. Alpha particles are nuclei, beta particles are electrons, and gamma particles are high-energy photons.
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Lect26 handout
The document discusses x-rays and their production. It explains that x-rays have wavelengths between 0.01 to 10 nm and are produced when high energy electrons interact with atoms. Bremsstrahlung x-rays are produced when electrons are slowed by atoms, while characteristic x-rays occur when electrons knock inner shell electrons out of atoms, causing higher shell electrons to fill the gaps and emit photons. The document also discusses nuclear physics concepts like atomic and mass numbers.
Lect25 handout
The document discusses the quantum numbers that describe the electron states in an atom. It explains that each electron is labeled by four quantum numbers: principal (n), angular momentum (l), magnetic (ml), and spin (ms). The Pauli Exclusion Principle states that each quantum state can contain only one electron, which explains the filling order and structure of the periodic table.
Lect24 handout
1) The Bohr model of the atom provides accurate predictions of electron energy levels but is not physically realistic, as electrons do not actually orbit the nucleus in defined orbits.
2) Rutherford's nuclear model, based on his gold foil experiment, established that atoms are mostly empty space with a small, dense positively charged nucleus at the center.
3) Bohr's model incorporated Rutherford's nuclear atom and quantized electron orbits and energies, allowing it to predict spectral lines emitted by atoms. However, quantum mechanics is needed for a full description of electrons in atoms.
Lect22 handout
The document summarizes some key aspects of quantum mechanics that were at odds with classical physics, including three early indications:
1) Blackbody radiation - Max Planck found electromagnetic energy is radiated in discrete chunks called photons to explain blackbody radiation spectra.
2) Photoelectric effect - Einstein explained light comes in photons and each metal requires a minimum photon energy to eject electrons.
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Lect21 handout
The document discusses various optical phenomena related to diffraction and interference of light, including:
1) Light passing through multiple slits will produce constructive interference when the path length difference is an integer multiple of the wavelength, and destructive interference when it is an odd multiple of half the wavelength.
2) Single slit diffraction causes a diffraction pattern on a screen with alternating bright and dark bands due to interference effects between light rays emerging from different parts of the slit.
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Lecture11
- 2. Exam Results
- 8. ACTs You drop an egg onto 1) the floor 2) a thick piece of foam rubber. In both cases, the egg does not bounce (demo). In which case is the impulse greater? A) Floor B) Foam C) the same In which case is the average force greater A) Floor B) Foam C) the same I = P Same change in momentum p = F t F = p/ t Smaller t = large F
Editor's Notes
- Might Add numbers here.
- Maybe do example of conservation (like cookies) and counter example. Force is NOT conserved.
- 1
- Replace w/ movie example. Speed bus jump.