Lecture 7: Participatory GIS for Disaster Management Nur M. Farda (UGM) 2019 ProSPER.Net Young Researchers' School 5 March 2019

1. Participatory GIS
for Disaster Management
Nur M. Farda (farda@ugm.ac.id)
GIS Lab. Department of Geographic Information
Science,
Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada

2. Outline
• Background
• Participatory GIS
• Approach
• Platform, System and Tools
• Examples

3. Background

4. JUDUL SUB-BAGIAN
https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-45149379
• There were more than 400 aftershocks
• It took 321 human lives (BNPB)
• 270.168 people were displaced (BNPB)
• Thousands of damaged buildings
(accessed on 11 August 2018)

5. Background
• Right after the disaster happen, immediate
emergency actions need to be taken to save lives
and to prevent further damage.
• Social media has recently played a critical role in
community communication
• Social media act as information propagator that
can be useful for disaster relief.
• Most people have access to social media. Social
media community for disaster management as
an option.
https://www.quora.com/What-is-disaster-management-cycle

6. Participatory GIS
• Participatory (community-based) research: Engaging the community
then helps to produce and mobilize knowledge, while maintaining
relevance and legitimacy among stakeholders in the field (Warner,
2015).
• Levels of Participation: Participatory research is a trendy topic, but
not all participatory studies entail the same levels of participation and
engagement.

7. Participatory GIS
Haklay, M., 2013, Citizen Science
and Volunteered Geographic
Information – overview and
typology of participation.

8. Participatory GIS
• Local knowledge is informal knowledge that is developed over time
(change over time) and held by individuals and communities based on
experience, also will vary within a community by demographics.
• Spatial local knowledge is a subcategory of this informal information
that relates to the spaces citizens experience. For example, where
people feel safe and unsafe, which routes are too difficult to walk.
• Participatory mapping is the bottom-up approach that allows the
masses to create maps for all, in contrast to the traditional top-down
approach, relying on those with the power and resources to create
maps that will benefit the masses either directly or indirectly.
(Warner, 2015)

9. Participatory GIS

10. Making sketch maps Verplanke, 2013

12. Reality vs. perception
A1 A2B1 B2Verplanke, 2013

13. Participatory GIS
(Taufik, 2013)

14. Participatory GIS
(Warner, 2015)

15. Participatory GIS

16. Participatory GIS
Purpose in PGIS and VGI
• PGIS aims to improve the quality of planning through a participatory
approach and facilitate inter-generational knowledge exchange and
dialogue with disadvantaged communities and their leaders.
• Community cohesion and actual engagement in implementing follow-
up actions identified in the process.

17. Participatory GIS
• VGI is intended to create, collect, validate, analyse, and disseminate
geographic data contributed voluntarily by individuals (Elwood,
2008d; Goodchild, 2007b, 2008; Miscione et al., 2011; Tulloch, 2008)
who do not necessarily know each other or have any kin or social
relationship. VGI is based more on contribution and communication
of information than on participation.

18. Participatory GIS
• VGI is intended to create, collect, validate, analyse, and disseminate
geographic data contributed voluntarily by individuals (Elwood,
2008d; Goodchild, 2007b, 2008; Miscione et al., 2011; Tulloch, 2008)
who do not necessarily know each other or have any kin or social
relationship.
• VGI is based more on contribution and communication of information
than on participation.

20. Approach
“Triple C Method”
Community Communication
Cartography
Victims of EQ Victims needs
reports
(social media,
radio stations,
media-center,
website, etc.)
Printed maps &
Web GIS
Goverment, NGO
Products
via Google My Map, ArcGIS Online and
others Web GIS
Public
Crowdsource
Coordination
The map works as an intermediary
between the public and
relief organizations
Aids

21. Platform, System and Tools
https://sahanafoundation.org/
http://demo.sahanafoundation.org/eden/gis/index
https://www.ushahidi.com/case-studies/crisis-
preparedness-platform
https://www.esri.com/en-
us/arcgis/products/collector-for-
arcgis/overview
https://ushahidi.io/create

22. Platform, System and Tools
https://petabencana.id
https://petakita.big.go.id/

23. Examples
• RS-GIS for Damage Assessment & Mapping, Bantul Earthquake, 2006
• Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) for Disaster Emergency
Response, Lombok Earthquake, 2018

24. Examples

25. Thank you