This document discusses a research project aimed at developing a more collaborative approach to natural hazard analysis and emergency management. It notes that modern technologies have changed information production and sharing, allowing crowdsourced data and real-time updates. The project tested geolocating photos and damage assessments shared between response agencies and citizens. Going forward, the project will create an "information stream" using web tools to share hazard data, manage crowdsourced information, and raise risk awareness, improving preparedness and response through multi-level collaboration.
Social media are forms of information and commu-nication technology disseminated through social interaction. Social media rely on peer-to-peer (P2P) networks that are collaborative, decentralized, and community driven. They transform people from content consumers into content producers. Popular networking sites such as MySpace™, Facebook™, Twitter™, and Google™are versions of social media that are most commonly used for connecting with friends, relatives, and employees. The role of social media in disaster management became galvanized during the world response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake. During the immediate aftermath, much of what people around the world were learning about the earthquake originated from social media sources. Social media became the new forum for collective intelligence, social convergence, and community activism. During the first 2 days following the earthquake, “texting” mobile phone users donated more than $5 million to the American Red Cross. Both public and private response agencies used Google Maps™. Millions joined MySpace™ and Facebook™ discussion groups to share information, donate money, and offer comfort and support. Social media has also been described as “remarkably well organized, self correcting, accurate, and concentrated,” calling into question the ingrained view of unidirectional, official-to-public information broadcasts. Social media may also offer potential psychological benefit for vulnerable populations gained through participation as stakeholders in the response. Disaster victims report a psychological need to contribute, and by doing so, they are better able to cope with their situation. Affected populations may gain resilience by replacing their helplessness with dignity, control, as well as personal and collective responsibility. However, widespread use of social media also involves several important challenges for disaster management. Although social media is growing rapidly, it remains less widespread and accessible than traditional media. Also, public officials often view P2P communications as “backchannels” with potential to spread misinformation and rumor. In addition, in absence of the normal checks and balances that regulate traditional media, privacy rights violations can occur as people use social media to describe personal events and circumstances. Key words: social media, resilience, vulnerability,
Leveraging A Wiki To Enhance Virtual Collaboration In The Emergency DomainConnie White
In a crisis situation, critical success factors include good preparedness, the availability of
trustworthy information and reliable people, and the responders' ability to improvise with the available, functioning tools. Wikis can be used as collaborative group support systems to support these activities, especially for communities of practice that must operate as high reliability organizations. The advantages of using a wiki are especially beneficial in volatile environments, such as those in the emergency domain, where critical real-time decision making is required. An international wiki - emergenciWiki.org - has been created and is being used by both practitioners and academics. The conclusions include that wiki features and functionality, which are important for safetycritical work, should add a minimum of bureaucratic overhead while helping to establish trust and a sense of purpose and community among the users, strengthening each individual user's accountability for their actions, or easing the evaluation of information reliability. (*note emergenciWiki.org project is over)
Social media are forms of information and commu-nication technology disseminated through social interaction. Social media rely on peer-to-peer (P2P) networks that are collaborative, decentralized, and community driven. They transform people from content consumers into content producers. Popular networking sites such as MySpace™, Facebook™, Twitter™, and Google™are versions of social media that are most commonly used for connecting with friends, relatives, and employees. The role of social media in disaster management became galvanized during the world response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake. During the immediate aftermath, much of what people around the world were learning about the earthquake originated from social media sources. Social media became the new forum for collective intelligence, social convergence, and community activism. During the first 2 days following the earthquake, “texting” mobile phone users donated more than $5 million to the American Red Cross. Both public and private response agencies used Google Maps™. Millions joined MySpace™ and Facebook™ discussion groups to share information, donate money, and offer comfort and support. Social media has also been described as “remarkably well organized, self correcting, accurate, and concentrated,” calling into question the ingrained view of unidirectional, official-to-public information broadcasts. Social media may also offer potential psychological benefit for vulnerable populations gained through participation as stakeholders in the response. Disaster victims report a psychological need to contribute, and by doing so, they are better able to cope with their situation. Affected populations may gain resilience by replacing their helplessness with dignity, control, as well as personal and collective responsibility. However, widespread use of social media also involves several important challenges for disaster management. Although social media is growing rapidly, it remains less widespread and accessible than traditional media. Also, public officials often view P2P communications as “backchannels” with potential to spread misinformation and rumor. In addition, in absence of the normal checks and balances that regulate traditional media, privacy rights violations can occur as people use social media to describe personal events and circumstances. Key words: social media, resilience, vulnerability,
Leveraging A Wiki To Enhance Virtual Collaboration In The Emergency DomainConnie White
In a crisis situation, critical success factors include good preparedness, the availability of
trustworthy information and reliable people, and the responders' ability to improvise with the available, functioning tools. Wikis can be used as collaborative group support systems to support these activities, especially for communities of practice that must operate as high reliability organizations. The advantages of using a wiki are especially beneficial in volatile environments, such as those in the emergency domain, where critical real-time decision making is required. An international wiki - emergenciWiki.org - has been created and is being used by both practitioners and academics. The conclusions include that wiki features and functionality, which are important for safetycritical work, should add a minimum of bureaucratic overhead while helping to establish trust and a sense of purpose and community among the users, strengthening each individual user's accountability for their actions, or easing the evaluation of information reliability. (*note emergenciWiki.org project is over)
DIGITAL SOCIETY : A REVIEW OF E-SERVICE AND MOBILE TECHNOLOGY IN EARTHQUAKES ...IJMIT JOURNAL
Developing countries lacking technology infrastructures experience most disasters such as tsunami,
hurricane Katrina, earthquakes. Even though, many lives are saved in developed countries through the use
of high-level or sophisticated technology, only the technology that is easy to use, inexpensive, durable and
field-tested should be introduced and used during the relief operation. The effect of climate change and
rapid population growth are probably exposed people inhabiting areas to substantial environmental risks.
The authors highlight and identify current practices, particularities, and challenges in earthquakes relief
operations with the aims of reviewing the roles E-Service and Mobile Technology tools in real-life
situations and practices could do to help in disaster operations. This study focuses on victims of
earthquakes worldwide. The study will review and provide insights into the roles of E-Service and Mobile
Technologies in earthquakes relief operations and how the internally displaced person could benefit from
these services. The limitations of these services will be discussed and how the technology could be used to
further predict natural disaster such as earthquakes is also considered.
Digital society a review of e service and mobile technology in earthquakes re...IJMIT JOURNAL
Developing countries lacking technology infrastructures experience most disasters such as tsunami, hurricane Katrina, earthquakes. Even though, many lives are saved in developed countries through the use of high-level or sophisticated technology, only the technology that is easy to use, inexpensive, durable and field-tested should be introduced and used during the relief operation. The effect of climate change and
rapid population growth are probably exposed people inhabiting areas to substantial environmental risks. The authors highlight and identify current practices, particularities, and challenges in earthquakes relief operations with the aims of reviewing the roles E-Service and Mobile Technology tools in real-life
situations and practices could do to help in disaster operations. This study focuses on victims of earthquakes worldwide. The study will review and provide insights into the roles of E-Service and Mobile Technologies in earthquakes relief operations and how the internally displaced person could benefit from
these services. The limitations of these services will be discussed and how the technology could be used to
further predict natural disaster such as earthquakes is also considered.
DIGITAL SOCIETY : A REVIEW OF E-SERVICE AND MOBILE TECHNOLOGY IN EARTHQUAKES ...IJMIT JOURNAL
Developing countries lacking technology infrastructures experience most disasters such as tsunami, hurricane Katrina, earthquakes. Even though, many lives are saved in developed countries through the use of high-level or sophisticated technology, only the technology that is easy to use, inexpensive, durable and field-tested should be introduced and used during the relief operation. The effect of climate change andrapid population growth are probably exposed people inhabiting areas to substantial environmental risks. The authors highlight and identify current practices, particularities, and challenges in earthquakes relief operations with the aims of reviewing the roles E-Service and Mobile Technology tools in real-life situations and practices could do to help in disaster operations. This study focuses on victims of earthquakes worldwide. The study will review and provide insights into the roles of E-Service and Mobile Technologies in earthquakes relief operations and how the internally displaced person could benefit from these services. The limitations of these services will be discussed and how the technology could be used to further predict natural disaster such as earthquakes is also considered.
EGU 2014
Open Geoscience Knowledge
Author: Elena Rapisardi Sabina Di Franco
Session NH9.8 Geoethics: Ethical Challenges In Communication, Geoeducation And Management of Natural Hazards
Presenter: Elena Rapisardi
International Day for Disaster Reduction at the World Bank
Disaster Risk Management in the Information Age
A joint training workshop by GICT, GFDRR, infoDev and LCSUW to mark the International Day for Disaster Reduction
Putting the community into Total Flood Warning SystemsNeil Dufty
Presentation to the 2018 Floodplain Management Australia National Conference held on the Gold Coast, Australia.
Abstract:
The lead guiding document for the development of the Total Flood Warning System (TFWS) in Australia is ‘Manual 21 – Flood Warning’ (Attorney-General’s Department, 2009). According to Manual 21, the TFWS consists of six components: Prediction; Interpretation; Message Construction; Communication; Response; and, Review.
In a review of these TFWS components in relation to the findings of previous social research and government inquiries into flood warning in Australia, Molino et al. (2011) identified a further six components of a TFWS: Understanding the Flood Risk; Emergency Management Planning; Community Flood Education; Data Collection; Community Participation in the TFWS; and, Integration of the TFWS Components.
The twelve components have since been tested in the assessment of existing warning systems and the development of TFWSs for several communities across Australia.
This paper provides a summary of the findings from these projects with a particular emphasis on the successes and challenges involving the more community-related TFWS components such as Understanding the Flood Risk, Community Flood Education and Community Participation. For example, the TFWS assessments found that:
• Up to 20% of people living in floodplains were unaware of their flood risk
• Community flood education tended to rely on the provision of information
• There was little community participation in flood warning systems.
The findings demonstrated the need to engage with communities about all twelve TFWS components and this paper concludes by explaining how this could be best done using tailored techniques.
Evaluating Platforms for Community Sensemaking: Using the Case of the Kenyan ...COMRADES project
Vittorio Nespeca
TU Delft
V.Nespeca@tudelft.nl
Kenny Meesters
TU Delft
K.J.M.G.Meesters@tudelft.nl
Tina Comes
TU Delft
T.Comes@tudelft.nl
WiPe Paper – T12 - Designing for Resilience
Proceedings of the 15th ISCRAM Conference – Rochester, NY, USA May 2018
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324162897_Evaluating_Platforms_for_Community_Sensemaking_Using_the_Case_of_the_Kenyan_Elections_Vittorio_Nespeca
The transportation system in Istanbul prone to earthquake
Definitions, Systemic vulnerability, Focus on transportation system, Istanbul Case Study: Hazard, Istanbul Case Study:Vulnerability in general; Istanbul Case Study: Social vulnerability; Current awareness and preparedness of earthquake risk; Istanbul Case Study: Systemic vulnerability – Transportation system in Istanbul prone to earthquake risk.
A visual analytics approach to understanding poverty assessment through disas...UN Global Pulse
Executive summary of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs research: “A Visual Approach to Understanding Poverty Assessment through Disaster Impacts in Latin America and Africa,” conducted as part of UN Global Pulse’s Rapid Impact and Vulnerability Assessment Fund (RIVAF). For more information: http://www.unglobalpulse.org/projects/rapid-impact-and-vulnerability-analysis-fund-rivaf
DIGITAL SOCIETY : A REVIEW OF E-SERVICE AND MOBILE TECHNOLOGY IN EARTHQUAKES ...IJMIT JOURNAL
Developing countries lacking technology infrastructures experience most disasters such as tsunami,
hurricane Katrina, earthquakes. Even though, many lives are saved in developed countries through the use
of high-level or sophisticated technology, only the technology that is easy to use, inexpensive, durable and
field-tested should be introduced and used during the relief operation. The effect of climate change and
rapid population growth are probably exposed people inhabiting areas to substantial environmental risks.
The authors highlight and identify current practices, particularities, and challenges in earthquakes relief
operations with the aims of reviewing the roles E-Service and Mobile Technology tools in real-life
situations and practices could do to help in disaster operations. This study focuses on victims of
earthquakes worldwide. The study will review and provide insights into the roles of E-Service and Mobile
Technologies in earthquakes relief operations and how the internally displaced person could benefit from
these services. The limitations of these services will be discussed and how the technology could be used to
further predict natural disaster such as earthquakes is also considered.
Digital society a review of e service and mobile technology in earthquakes re...IJMIT JOURNAL
Developing countries lacking technology infrastructures experience most disasters such as tsunami, hurricane Katrina, earthquakes. Even though, many lives are saved in developed countries through the use of high-level or sophisticated technology, only the technology that is easy to use, inexpensive, durable and field-tested should be introduced and used during the relief operation. The effect of climate change and
rapid population growth are probably exposed people inhabiting areas to substantial environmental risks. The authors highlight and identify current practices, particularities, and challenges in earthquakes relief operations with the aims of reviewing the roles E-Service and Mobile Technology tools in real-life
situations and practices could do to help in disaster operations. This study focuses on victims of earthquakes worldwide. The study will review and provide insights into the roles of E-Service and Mobile Technologies in earthquakes relief operations and how the internally displaced person could benefit from
these services. The limitations of these services will be discussed and how the technology could be used to
further predict natural disaster such as earthquakes is also considered.
DIGITAL SOCIETY : A REVIEW OF E-SERVICE AND MOBILE TECHNOLOGY IN EARTHQUAKES ...IJMIT JOURNAL
Developing countries lacking technology infrastructures experience most disasters such as tsunami, hurricane Katrina, earthquakes. Even though, many lives are saved in developed countries through the use of high-level or sophisticated technology, only the technology that is easy to use, inexpensive, durable and field-tested should be introduced and used during the relief operation. The effect of climate change andrapid population growth are probably exposed people inhabiting areas to substantial environmental risks. The authors highlight and identify current practices, particularities, and challenges in earthquakes relief operations with the aims of reviewing the roles E-Service and Mobile Technology tools in real-life situations and practices could do to help in disaster operations. This study focuses on victims of earthquakes worldwide. The study will review and provide insights into the roles of E-Service and Mobile Technologies in earthquakes relief operations and how the internally displaced person could benefit from these services. The limitations of these services will be discussed and how the technology could be used to further predict natural disaster such as earthquakes is also considered.
EGU 2014
Open Geoscience Knowledge
Author: Elena Rapisardi Sabina Di Franco
Session NH9.8 Geoethics: Ethical Challenges In Communication, Geoeducation And Management of Natural Hazards
Presenter: Elena Rapisardi
International Day for Disaster Reduction at the World Bank
Disaster Risk Management in the Information Age
A joint training workshop by GICT, GFDRR, infoDev and LCSUW to mark the International Day for Disaster Reduction
Putting the community into Total Flood Warning SystemsNeil Dufty
Presentation to the 2018 Floodplain Management Australia National Conference held on the Gold Coast, Australia.
Abstract:
The lead guiding document for the development of the Total Flood Warning System (TFWS) in Australia is ‘Manual 21 – Flood Warning’ (Attorney-General’s Department, 2009). According to Manual 21, the TFWS consists of six components: Prediction; Interpretation; Message Construction; Communication; Response; and, Review.
In a review of these TFWS components in relation to the findings of previous social research and government inquiries into flood warning in Australia, Molino et al. (2011) identified a further six components of a TFWS: Understanding the Flood Risk; Emergency Management Planning; Community Flood Education; Data Collection; Community Participation in the TFWS; and, Integration of the TFWS Components.
The twelve components have since been tested in the assessment of existing warning systems and the development of TFWSs for several communities across Australia.
This paper provides a summary of the findings from these projects with a particular emphasis on the successes and challenges involving the more community-related TFWS components such as Understanding the Flood Risk, Community Flood Education and Community Participation. For example, the TFWS assessments found that:
• Up to 20% of people living in floodplains were unaware of their flood risk
• Community flood education tended to rely on the provision of information
• There was little community participation in flood warning systems.
The findings demonstrated the need to engage with communities about all twelve TFWS components and this paper concludes by explaining how this could be best done using tailored techniques.
Evaluating Platforms for Community Sensemaking: Using the Case of the Kenyan ...COMRADES project
Vittorio Nespeca
TU Delft
V.Nespeca@tudelft.nl
Kenny Meesters
TU Delft
K.J.M.G.Meesters@tudelft.nl
Tina Comes
TU Delft
T.Comes@tudelft.nl
WiPe Paper – T12 - Designing for Resilience
Proceedings of the 15th ISCRAM Conference – Rochester, NY, USA May 2018
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324162897_Evaluating_Platforms_for_Community_Sensemaking_Using_the_Case_of_the_Kenyan_Elections_Vittorio_Nespeca
The transportation system in Istanbul prone to earthquake
Definitions, Systemic vulnerability, Focus on transportation system, Istanbul Case Study: Hazard, Istanbul Case Study:Vulnerability in general; Istanbul Case Study: Social vulnerability; Current awareness and preparedness of earthquake risk; Istanbul Case Study: Systemic vulnerability – Transportation system in Istanbul prone to earthquake risk.
A visual analytics approach to understanding poverty assessment through disas...UN Global Pulse
Executive summary of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs research: “A Visual Approach to Understanding Poverty Assessment through Disaster Impacts in Latin America and Africa,” conducted as part of UN Global Pulse’s Rapid Impact and Vulnerability Assessment Fund (RIVAF). For more information: http://www.unglobalpulse.org/projects/rapid-impact-and-vulnerability-analysis-fund-rivaf
Proceedings of the 5th International ISCRAM Conference – WashiDaliaCulbertson719
Proceedings of the 5th International ISCRAM Conference – Washington, DC, USA, May 2008
F. Fiedrich and B. Van de Walle, eds.
Backchannels on the Front Lines:
Emergent Uses of Social Media in the
2007 Southern California Wildfires
Jeannette Sutton1, Leysia Palen1 & Irina Shklovski2
University of Colorado, Boulder1 University of California, Irvine2
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Opportunities for participation by members of the public are expanding the information arena of disaster. Social
media supports “backchannel” communications, allowing for wide-scale interaction that can be collectively
resourceful, self-policing, and generative of information that is otherwise hard to obtain. Results from our study of
information practices by members of the public during the October 2007 Southern California Wildfires suggest that
community information resources and other backchannel communications activity enabled by social media are gaining
prominence in the disaster arena, despite concern by officials about the legitimacy of information shared through such
means. We argue that these emergent uses of social media are pre-cursors of broader future changes to the institutional
and organizational arrangements of disaster response.
Keywords
Crisis Informatics, disaster, information and communication technology, wildfire
INTRODUCTION
Disaster situations are non-routine events that result in non-routine behaviors. In times of disaster, people and
organizations adapt and improvise (Wachtendorf, 2004) to suit the conditions as needs demand. Even emergency
response organizations—which are strongly organized around locally- and federally-mandated protocols—adapt to
accommodate the situation particulars for warning, rescue, and recovery. Indeed, in the US, the organizational
structure that is activated during times of crisis is designed to be internally flexible. However, its ability to be
externally flexible when interfacing with the public is in doubt (Wenger, 1990; Buck, et al, 2006; Palen and Liu,
2007). Members of the public are known by sociologists to improvise in disaster situations, and are responsible for
leading important rescue and relief activities (Tierney, et al. 2001; Kendra and Wachtendorf, 2003; Palen and Liu,
2007). They leverage their own social networks to find and provide information outside the official response effort,
and to make critical decisions about, for example, heeding warning and making plans to evacuate (Mileti, et al., 2006).
These facts are often ignored during local and federal disaster management planning and policy implementation, with
the focus almost entirely on the role of the official response and their management of public-side activities. This
stance places public peer-to-peer communications as “backchannel” activity that does not have full legitimacy in the
information arena of disaster. However, the increasing presence of info ...
Turning Black into Green - Incorporating DRR into Social and Economic Develop...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Disaster Management Systems: Building Capacity for Developing Countries and ...Connie White
Some societies are more disaster prone than others due to their geographic location and the benefits provided by it. Man has co-existed in this sort of high risk/high return relationship with mother nature throughout history. Poorer societies tend to pay a higher price both in lives taken and damage – left with many secondary and equally devastating disasters that are sure to come. We know that for every $1 USD put into preventative measures, we save ~$7 that would have gone into post-disaster recovery and rebuilding efforts. There are many international agencies working to support a variety of needs in these grief stricken areas to help them build capacity and to help these societies better prepare for and respond to the disasters they will face. These efforts are guided by the Millennium Project Goals outlined in 2000. A lot has changed since then with respect to technology, mobile devices and humanitarianism. The objective of this paper is exploit how current efforts are creating capacity on the individual, organizational and 'enabling environment' levels. This paper explores the notion that a more concerted effort can be made at building Information and Communication Disaster Management Capacity in developing countries who are most susceptible due to proximity and to a lack of funds. A 'proof of concept' is provided
Paper: A review of the value of social media in countrywide disaster risk red...Neil Dufty
This input paper was developed for the HFA Thematic Review and as an input to the Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 (GAR15). It examines the current and potential value of social media in raising risk awareness and forming communities of practice before a disaster happens.
New Technologies in Humanitarian Emergencies and ConflictsDr. Chris Stout
By Diane Coyle and Patrick Meier
About the UN Foundation and The Vodafone Foundation Partnership
The United Nations Foundation & Vodafone Foundation Technology Partnership is a leading public-private alliance
using technology programs to strengthen the UN’s humanitarian efforts worldwide. Created in October 2005 with
a £10 million commitment from The Vodafone Foundation matched by £5 million from the UN Foundation.
The Technology Partnership has three core areas of focus: (1) to strengthen communications in humanitarian
emergencies though capacity building and support for disaster response missions that connect disaster relief
workers and affected families; (2) to support the development of mobile health (mHealth) programs that tackle
critical public health challenges and improve public health systems, decision-making and, ultimately, patient
outcomes; and (3) to promote research and innovation using technology as a tool for international development.
The UN Foundation and The Vodafone Foundation are among the founding partners of the mHealth Alliance.
More information about the Technology Partnership can be found at: www.unfoundation.org/vodafone.
ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY TO ESTABLISH COMMUNICATION IN NATURAL DISASTERSAM Publications,India
Disaster does not come with prior notice. The term ‘Disaster’ is widely used to refer to as any incident, manmade accident, or natural occurrence that could affect the functioning of the project. We do not assess the impact of upcoming disaster. There are two type of disaster Natural and Manmade disaster. Disasters have resentfully affected not only humans but also animals. Disaster causes mass casualty of construction and loss of economy. It impacts on the economy of the country. In the last decade, natural disasters claimed 79,000 lives each year and affected more than 200 million people, with casualties amounting to almost US $ 70 billion per year. Disaster also affected the climate, and hence adversely affecting local or regional climate. Manmade disaster causes through any big accident that occurs indoor or outdoor.
From drones to old-fashioned phone calls, data come from many unlikely sources. In a disaster, such as a flood or earthquake, responders will take whatever information they can get to visualise the crisis and best direct their resources. Increasingly, cities prone to natural disasters are learning to better aid their citizens by empowering their local agencies and responders with sophisticated tools to cut through the large volume and velocity of disaster-related data and synthesise actionable information.
mitigation in disaster. Plan to do it.
Do we understand our major risks? Do we know what is causing our risks to increase, decrease or stay the same?
Have we assessed the likelihood and impact of our risks?
Have we identified the sources and causes of our risks?
How well are we managing our risks?
Are we trying to prevent the downside of risk, or are we seemingly trying to recover from them?
How will it be implemented? What is your framework? How will risks be measured and reported? Who is your champion?
Where will you start? Where you can most easily succeed, or where it is needed the most?
When will it be implemented? SRM is a journey, not a destination; risks should be continually assessed and mitigation methods re-considered. Change is inevitable; recognize new risks and opportunities.
COST Actions: ENERGIC, Mapping and the citizen sensor.Vyron
A presentation given during the COST Session in HAICTA 2013 (Cofru, Greece) about the aims and work of two COST Actions: ENERGIC (IC1203) and Mapping and the citizen sensor (TD1202). The presentation was put together by Cristina Capineri, Giles Foody and Vyron Antoniou.
Environmental Information: The Roles of Experts and the PublicMuki Haklay
Slides from a talk at Wilson Center, Washington DC, April 2014
Access to environmental information and use of it for environmental decision making are central pillars of environmental democracy. Yet, not much attention is paid to the question of who is producing it, and for whom? By examining the history of environmental information, since NEPA in 1969, three eras can be identified: information produced by experts, for experts (1969-1992); information produced by experts, to be shared by experts and the public (1992-2011); and finally, information produced by experts and the public to be shared by experts and the public.
Underlying these are changes in access to information, rise in levels of education and rapid change due to digital technologies. The three eras and their implication to environmental decision making will be explored, with special attention to the role of geographical information and geographical information systems and to citizen science.
Similar to From élites to collaboration: towards a resilient approach to natural hazards analysis & emergency management (20)
FP7 EDEN project demonstrations as example of Collaborative Crisis Management...Massimo Lanfranco
While many different actors are involved in crisis management process, one of most effective approach for coping with crisis situation is a collaborative crisis management (CCM).
Thus to leverage a flow of information relevant for emergency managers and incident commanders it is more than crucial to have a reliable and up-to-date information gathered from credible sources.
A series of crisis management exercises conducted in Poland this year, in framework of FP7 project EDEN could be given as example of practical implementation of CCM.
Flood by design: challenges with governance of disaster risk in Liguria, ItalyMassimo Lanfranco
This presentation discusses the impact of bureaucracy and governance on the current and future disaster scenarios and the possible enhanced action that could be provided by “smart cities” when used as force multiplier.
In October 2010 a rainstorm hit some municipalities in Liguria (NW Italy) resulting in flash floods and debris floods. Rescue operations were carried out without situational awareness due to phone and cellular line failure and civil protection plan deficiency. Relief operations were carried out to recover to previous state with no lesson learned analysis nor legislative upgrade.
A window of opportunity opened to fulfill the disaster management cycle theory.
On October / November 2011, when a wider event struck both Tuscany and Liguria regions causing 12 fatalities, the situation was, more or less, the same as the past year: the window of opportunity closed without a reduction in risk exposure.
After this last event Ligurian Region administration started to re-evaluate hazard mapping and risk assessment methodologies, since debris floods were not considered in official hazard maps and urban planning regulations. But a month later, the temporary building restrictions were reformed to low strict level.
Different to Northwest Italy extensive floods of 1994, that led Italy to a new approach to hazard planning and risk evaluation, Liguria 2010 / 2011 events seemed
not to involve elected officials, bureaucracy and civil society on the new resilience concept and on the use of the emerging technologies and social media.
Collaborative mapping is the crucial need in any rescue and relief operation. Our recent experience lead us to focus the research on the development of a unique platform [web and mobile] that allows different levels of geolocated information sharing, on a “user permissions” base [anonymus user, registered user level 1, ….]. Our approach is to use the solutions that are free and open [such as Google Maps, Google Earth, Google 3d, Ushahidi, OpenStreetMap, or Android apps for route tracking] and to develop a stable tool through the integration of diverse solutions ensuring a high level of sharing and collaboration among different players.
per vincere le guerre del futuro ci sarà bisogno dei civili e per affrontare i disastri che non possiamo anticipare ci sarà bisogno di militari...
Nella mia Tesi di Dottorato in Scienze Strategiche, difesa con successo a maggio 2012, presento alcune idee per incominciare a discuterne.
Geo-information and remote sensing are proper tools to enhance functional strategies for increasing awareness on natural hazard prevention and for supporting research and operational activities devoted to disaster reduction.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
From élites to collaboration: towards a resilient approach to natural hazards analysis & emergency management
1. From élites to collaboration: towards a resilient approach to natural hazards analysis &
emergency management
Elena Rapisardi(1,2); Marco Giardino (1,2) and Massimo Lanfranco(2,3)
(1) UNITO - Department of Earth Sciences. Via Valperga Caluso 35, Torino - e.rapisardi@gmail.com
(2) UNITO - NatRisk Interdipartimental Centre. Via Valperga Caluso 35, Torino - marco.giardino@unito.it
(3) UNITO - Doctoral School in Strategic Sciences, Via Po 31, Torino - massimo.lanfranco@unito.it
KEY WORDS: Geolocation, data management, natural hazards, resilience, resilient information..
The presentation illustrates the background and in se a dramatic innovation in the disaster
the aim of the research project “Collaborative scenario, to cope with. Moreover the technological
management of data for natural risk prevention development is having a huge impact on GIS and
and civil protection”1 at the Doctoral School of more generally on geographic disciplines. As a
Sciences and Innovative technologies of the matter of fact information is becoming more and
University of Torino, Italy. more “geolocation dependent” and this is
witnessed by the “ geographic phase” of social
From Protection to Resilience media. The “democratisation of GIS” [Butler,
2006 ], started with Google Earth, and mash-ups
It is acknowledged that major and minor disasters created by common people [Goodchild, 2007]
are a “reality” to cope with, as they are part of our (e.g. Ushahidi platform) are now changing the
environment. In the last 20 years the wider debate whole background, with important consequences
on disasters preparedness and relief operations in risk prevention and emergency management.
underline that our culture should switch from Key-words such as “crowdsourcing” and
“war” against hazards to “preparedness” in order “crowdmapping”, state that the worldwide citizens
to decrease the vulnerability of our societies community is becoming a main player in the
[Wisner et al., 1994]. In this perspective the key volunteered geographic information (VGI)
word “resilience” fosters a wider cultural change production [Goodchild, 2007] during crisis and
that should drive the risk & emergency management emergency events. This democratisation of the
towards a participatory dimension of all the key information, supported by the VTC (Volunteers
players: scientific communities experts, civil Technical Communities) enhances that
protection bodies, media, citizens, volunteers, civil collaboration, enabled by web technology, could
society. The aim is to “develop a network between represent a radical change in the whole Disaster
all civil protection actors and interested parties, Cycle (fig. 1), that involves not only citizens but
including the private sector; increasing the also scientific community, institutions, experts,
knowledge of new prevention, preparedness and relief bodies, media representatives.
response technologies available on the market;
and raise public awareness [3rd EU Civil
Protection Forum - Bruxelles, 2009]. This could be
interpreted as a call to switch from protection
(passive behaviour) to resilience, increasing the
usercitizenslocal-bodies responsibility and
proactive behaviour.
The post-Gutemberg revolution as innovation
driver of the information flow in Disaster Cycle
The web 2.0 revolution is a twofold reality:
technological and cultural. The widespread
diffusion of web 2.0 technologies is changing the
overall organisation of information production
[Benkler, 2006] and depriving the institutionalised
mediations models. The new actor in the
information scene is the crowd and its talent in Figure 1 – The Disaster Cycle (What makes a disaster?
producing, disseminating, selecting and promoting by Ian Davis,- http://goo.gl/FK7Jq)
information. Besides the validation and reliability
implications, the “talent of the crowd” represents
1 MIUR scholarship “Progetto Giovani” in the Research field “Sistemi di telecomunicazione innovativi a larga banda
anche con impiego di satelliti per utenze differenziate in materia di sicurezza, prevenzione e intervento in caso di
catastrofi naturali”
2. In this perspective collaboration becomes not only The project team experimented the geolocated
a citizens approach, but also a challenge for photo sharing in real time with the operational
scholars and practitioners. A collaboration trend centre. [google+ photosharing tool and Picasa]
whose aim is to produce, exchange, and share This first test simulated a sharing approach to be
information in a world wide open and free developed between relief bodies and citizens or
environment, in the stream of Open Government volunteers.
and Open Data. Web & mobile access are 3. Geolocated assessment - Actors involved: COC
enablers and channels for achieving: [Municipality Operational Centre], civil
• citizens engagement in preparedness, planning, protection operatives and volunteers
early warning, relief, restore; In order to exchange and share information the
• faster relief with improved situational awareness; COC of Mulazzo set up a privately-shared google
• communication strategy both bottom/up and top/ map to geolocate landslides and related
down; damages. This map allowed different actors to
• resilience enhancement with local storytelling. “view” in distance the same information for
supporting the decision making process.
The Research Project: Collaborative
management of data The next step: Resilient Information
The background of our project is the analysis of On the basis of this first test, the project will
the Varazze flash flood event, April 10, 2010 design and experiment a Geosciences Information
(Lanfranco & Rapisardi, 2011).By taking into Stream, enabled by web 2.0 app and tools, that
account the web 2.0 revolution and the involves in a continuum “users” and “contributors”
international best practices, the Varazze case of the disaster cycle.
study outlined: Particularly, starting from the November flash
• To what extent web 2.0 mobile technologies and flood case studies, the research project will outline
tools would have changed the scenario? practices and web/mobile tools to set up a
• How to develop a “resilient information” flow both collaborative multilevel environment in order to
bottom/up and top/down? improve and practice:
• How to manage the crowdsourced information in • the sharing of reliable and acknowledged
a risk and emergency management perspective? geographical information, such as geological
• How to raise citizens and media awareness on maps, hazard maps, enviromental status,
information need during crisis and in the whole weather forecast. Including the Open Data issue;
disaster cycle? • the collaborative management of geodata stream
Later, on november 2011 another succession of from different sources for risk management and
flash floods struck both Tuscany and Liguria decision making;
regions, resulting in a loss of lives and in • the raising awareness on natural hazard and
extensive damages. Right after the disaster, emergency issues (preparedness) to better cope
citizens, social media and citizens ournalism with risks.
platforms (e.g. youreporter.it) played a unique role
in producing information and documenting the REFERENCES
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