Introduction to the key concepts related to Volunteered Geographic Information with a first introduction of Citizen Science definition and typologies.
Presentation made for the PoliMappers collaboration with IMM DesignLab at Politecnico di Milano.
Taking Citizen Science to Extremes: from the Arctic to the Rainforestmichalis_vitos
Citizen Science is hardly a new concept, but during the last decade it has seen a rise in both
academic and popular interest for the topic. This trend is in part driven by an increased
interest for open paradigms, as well as, Information Communication Technology (ICT)
innovations such as smartphones, mobile Internet and cloud computing. This has given
rise to the emergence of a growing and highly diverse crop of new – and often innovative –
initiatives that are being, or could be, labelled as Citizen Science.
Whilst there are often big differences between projects, for instance when it comes to
power relations – “Who is working for who?” – or the determination of goals and outcomes
– “Who is solving whose problems?” – there is hope that, at the very least, this rediscovery
of citizen science might lead to a renewed mutual interest, and perhaps understanding,
between scientists and the general public.
Most citizen science initiatives are set in affluent areas of the world, and by and large they
target an educated, or at least literate, public. Extreme Citizen Science aspires to extend the
reach and potential of citizen science beyond this restricted context and is defined as:
Extreme Citizen Science is a situated, bottom-up practice that takes into account local
needs, practices and culture and works with broad networks of people to design and build
new devices and knowledge creation processes that can transform the world.
In this presentation, we are going to explore the various ExCiteS projects that span from the
Arctic – where we aim to develop tools grounded in the needs of Yupik and Iñupiaq coastal
subsistence hunters who are adapting to the rapidly changing climate – to the Congo basin
rainforest – where we enable marginalised and forest communities to better to share their
vast environmental knowledge more effectively locally and with other regional, national and
global stakeholders.
We aim to design, develop, evaluate and deploy a generic platform that enables people with
no or limited literacy – in the strict and broader technological sense – to use smartphones
and tablets to collect, share, and analyse (spatial) data along with a methodology for
introducing, engaging and empowering marginalised communities to participate in and
benefit from citizen science. The platform is and will be used in a variety of concrete
projects, often related to environmental monitoring. Ultimately the goal is to let
communities build so-called Community Memories: evolving, shared representations of the
state of their environment, their relationship with it, and any threats it faces.
A talk exploring the different ways to analyse the policy aspects of citizen science, especially from the persepctive of environmental protection agencies in Europe. More information at http://wp.me/p7DNf-mE
Slides from my talk in the European Citizen Science Conference in Berlin, May 2016. The talk look at issues of participation, citizen science and open science, and a bit about implications. It's about participation inequality and educational attainment of participants
Into the Night - Technology for citizen scienceMuki Haklay
Current citizen science seems effortless...just download an app and start using it. However, there are many technical aspects that are necessary to make a citizen science project work. In this session, we will provide an overview of all the technical elements that are required - from the process of designing an app., to designing and managing a back-end system, to testing the system end to end before deployment. Participants will have the opportunity to engage in a short exercise to consider the design of an app for a citizen science project that addresses light pollution.
Extreme Citizen Science: the socio-political potential of citizen scienceMuki Haklay
Slides from a talk at the International Congress for Conservation Biology / European Congress for Conservation Biology 2015 (Montpellier 2-6 August). The talk positioned citizen science within the wider context of production and use of environmental information, and emphasised the need to extend citizen science to a wider audience. It also demonstrated how technology can be used within a careful participatory process.
Examining the values that are embedded in the processes and technologies of p...Muki Haklay
A persistent question about participatory methodologies that rely on technologies, such as public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS), is how to integrate values, such as inclusiveness of all the people that are impacted by a decision, or identifying options that are popular by the majority but acceptable to the minority, within technologically focused projects. Moreover, technologies do not operate by themselves – they are embedded in organizational, political, and social processes that set how they are used, who can use them, and in what context. Therefore, we should explore where the values reside?
Two factors obscure our view: The misleading conceptualisation that technologies are value free, and can be used for good or for bad – which put all the weight on the process, and ignores the way in which any technology allow only certain actions to be taken. Another popular view of technology conceptualisation is to emphasise their advantages (upside) and ignore their limitations. If we move beyond these, and other “common sense” views of technologies, we can notice how process and technology intertwine.
We can therefore look at the way the process/technology reinforce and limit each other, and the way that the values are integrated and influence them. With this analysis, we can also consider how technological development can explicitly include considerations of values, and be philosophically, politically, and social-theory informed. We need to consider the roles, skills, and knowledge of the people that are involved in each part of the process – from community facilitation to software development.
The paper will draw on the experience of developing participatory geographic information technologies over the past 20 years, and will suggest future directions for values-based participatory technology development.
What happens when instead of asking the crowd for help, the question of what is explored is handed over to the participants?
The potential of bottom-up citizen science has increased dramatically in the past decade. To understand this, we can look at the societal and technological changes that led to this proliferation, and then explore the challenges, risks and opportunities that this approach presents.
This seminar will also be live webcast here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DqY8Jv5r4bs
Taking Citizen Science to Extremes: from the Arctic to the Rainforestmichalis_vitos
Citizen Science is hardly a new concept, but during the last decade it has seen a rise in both
academic and popular interest for the topic. This trend is in part driven by an increased
interest for open paradigms, as well as, Information Communication Technology (ICT)
innovations such as smartphones, mobile Internet and cloud computing. This has given
rise to the emergence of a growing and highly diverse crop of new – and often innovative –
initiatives that are being, or could be, labelled as Citizen Science.
Whilst there are often big differences between projects, for instance when it comes to
power relations – “Who is working for who?” – or the determination of goals and outcomes
– “Who is solving whose problems?” – there is hope that, at the very least, this rediscovery
of citizen science might lead to a renewed mutual interest, and perhaps understanding,
between scientists and the general public.
Most citizen science initiatives are set in affluent areas of the world, and by and large they
target an educated, or at least literate, public. Extreme Citizen Science aspires to extend the
reach and potential of citizen science beyond this restricted context and is defined as:
Extreme Citizen Science is a situated, bottom-up practice that takes into account local
needs, practices and culture and works with broad networks of people to design and build
new devices and knowledge creation processes that can transform the world.
In this presentation, we are going to explore the various ExCiteS projects that span from the
Arctic – where we aim to develop tools grounded in the needs of Yupik and Iñupiaq coastal
subsistence hunters who are adapting to the rapidly changing climate – to the Congo basin
rainforest – where we enable marginalised and forest communities to better to share their
vast environmental knowledge more effectively locally and with other regional, national and
global stakeholders.
We aim to design, develop, evaluate and deploy a generic platform that enables people with
no or limited literacy – in the strict and broader technological sense – to use smartphones
and tablets to collect, share, and analyse (spatial) data along with a methodology for
introducing, engaging and empowering marginalised communities to participate in and
benefit from citizen science. The platform is and will be used in a variety of concrete
projects, often related to environmental monitoring. Ultimately the goal is to let
communities build so-called Community Memories: evolving, shared representations of the
state of their environment, their relationship with it, and any threats it faces.
A talk exploring the different ways to analyse the policy aspects of citizen science, especially from the persepctive of environmental protection agencies in Europe. More information at http://wp.me/p7DNf-mE
Slides from my talk in the European Citizen Science Conference in Berlin, May 2016. The talk look at issues of participation, citizen science and open science, and a bit about implications. It's about participation inequality and educational attainment of participants
Into the Night - Technology for citizen scienceMuki Haklay
Current citizen science seems effortless...just download an app and start using it. However, there are many technical aspects that are necessary to make a citizen science project work. In this session, we will provide an overview of all the technical elements that are required - from the process of designing an app., to designing and managing a back-end system, to testing the system end to end before deployment. Participants will have the opportunity to engage in a short exercise to consider the design of an app for a citizen science project that addresses light pollution.
Extreme Citizen Science: the socio-political potential of citizen scienceMuki Haklay
Slides from a talk at the International Congress for Conservation Biology / European Congress for Conservation Biology 2015 (Montpellier 2-6 August). The talk positioned citizen science within the wider context of production and use of environmental information, and emphasised the need to extend citizen science to a wider audience. It also demonstrated how technology can be used within a careful participatory process.
Examining the values that are embedded in the processes and technologies of p...Muki Haklay
A persistent question about participatory methodologies that rely on technologies, such as public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS), is how to integrate values, such as inclusiveness of all the people that are impacted by a decision, or identifying options that are popular by the majority but acceptable to the minority, within technologically focused projects. Moreover, technologies do not operate by themselves – they are embedded in organizational, political, and social processes that set how they are used, who can use them, and in what context. Therefore, we should explore where the values reside?
Two factors obscure our view: The misleading conceptualisation that technologies are value free, and can be used for good or for bad – which put all the weight on the process, and ignores the way in which any technology allow only certain actions to be taken. Another popular view of technology conceptualisation is to emphasise their advantages (upside) and ignore their limitations. If we move beyond these, and other “common sense” views of technologies, we can notice how process and technology intertwine.
We can therefore look at the way the process/technology reinforce and limit each other, and the way that the values are integrated and influence them. With this analysis, we can also consider how technological development can explicitly include considerations of values, and be philosophically, politically, and social-theory informed. We need to consider the roles, skills, and knowledge of the people that are involved in each part of the process – from community facilitation to software development.
The paper will draw on the experience of developing participatory geographic information technologies over the past 20 years, and will suggest future directions for values-based participatory technology development.
What happens when instead of asking the crowd for help, the question of what is explored is handed over to the participants?
The potential of bottom-up citizen science has increased dramatically in the past decade. To understand this, we can look at the societal and technological changes that led to this proliferation, and then explore the challenges, risks and opportunities that this approach presents.
This seminar will also be live webcast here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DqY8Jv5r4bs
Algorithmic governance in environmental information (or how technophilia shap...Muki Haklay
Presentation from a workshop in Galway, March 2016. Showing the history of linkage between environmental decision making and information systems, and the opportunities and challenges that this creates. Also the problem in terms of public access and use of information
The Willing Volunteer – Incorporating Voluntary Data into National DatabasesMuki Haklay
At present few mapping databases contain crowd sourced or voluntary data. Consider how, in the future, this will be a valuable source of data for national geospatial, cadastral and mapping agencies
Citizen science - theory, practice & policy workshopMuki Haklay
These slides are from a 3.5h workshop, as part of the Israeli Geographical Association, Jerusalem, 14 Dec 2015. The workshop provided knowledge of the field of citizen science and current trends that influence it; Helped participants to understand the principles and practical aspects of designing a citizen science project; Included a session with hands-on experience of citizen science activity; Learn about additional resources that can be used to design and run citizen science projects; Understand the policy trends that are influencing the field.
Many of the slides are from previous talks with organisation and ordered in a way that they are suitable for the workshop
Citizen Science & Geographical Technologies: creativity, learning, and engage...Muki Haklay
These slides are from a keynote talk at the Esri Education User Conference in 2016, about citizen science and extreme citizen science, and their link to geographical technologies
The role of learning in citizen scienceMuki Haklay
This is a presentation from the citizen science impact event at the Open University http://www.open.ac.uk/blogs/opentel/citizen-science-impact-event-at-the-open-university/
Citizen science offer different levels of engagement to participants, which have been captured in typologies of the field (contributory, collaborative, co-created, collegial / crowdsourcing, distributed intelligence, participatory science, extreme citizen science). These typologies do no explicitly examine learning. At the same time, projects and activities striving to fulfil multiple goals (excellent scientific output, satisfying engagement, good recruitment, learning …). Within ythe range of citizen science project, we can consider different aspects of learning that are occurring in them, Projects and use examples from a range of project, and raise some aspects that can help those who are designing co-created projects.
Mapping for Change: Digital Tools and Neighbourhood Design WorkshopNesta
A presentation given by representatives of UCL's Mapping for Change project at our Digital Tools and Neighbourhood Design Workshop, an event designed to explore the impact of digital tools on community design, engagement and improvement.
For more information, visit: http://www.nesta.org.uk/event/digital-tools-and-neighbourhood-planning-workshop
Extreme Citizen Science: Current Development Muki Haklay
Slides from a talk to UCL Institute of Global Prosperity soundbites event - 5th November 2015.
With a growing emphasis on civil society-led change in diverse disciplines, from International Development to Town Planning, there is an increasing demand to understand how institutions might work with the public effectively and fairly.
Extreme Citizen Science is a situated, bottom-up practice that takes into account local needs, practices and culture and works with broad networks of people to design and build new devices and knowledge creation processes that can transform the world.
In this talk, Muki will discuss the work of UCL Extreme Citizen Science group within the wider context of the developments in the field of citizen science.He will cover the work that ExCiteS has already done, currently developing and plans for the future.
https://www.igp.ucl.ac.uk/igp-events-pub/muki-haklay-extreme-citizen-science
Extreme Citizen Science technologies: attempting to embed values in codeMuki Haklay
Extreme Citizen Science (ExCiteS) is a situated, bottom-up practice that takes into account local needs, practices and culture and works with broad networks of people to design and build new devices and knowledge creation processes that can transform the world. The ExCiteS group at UCL was set up to support the implementation of this concept through the development of theories, methodologies, processes, and technologies that allow any community, regardless of (technical) literacy, to engage in citizen science projects that produce results that are meaningful and useful for them. Stemming from theoretical foundations in participatory action research and public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS), our technologies are designed to carry values with them. Once we visit these values, we can see how they turn into code, and ask how successful these efforts are, using cases in the Amazon, Congo-basin, Namibia, UK, and Malta.
Paper from the Programmable City workshop data and the city. See more details on my blog at http://wp.me/p7DNf-sX for description of the workshop. The paper explores the link between citizen science and philosophy of technology
Overview of Citizen Science - Zurich November 2015Muki Haklay
A presentation that provides an overview of the societal & technical trends that are at the basis of citizen science (as in previous talks), then a classification of the main types of citizen science and finally a short overview of policy trends.
Heather Blanchard, Co Founder of CrisisCommons, presentation at the Fleming Europe's 2nd Annual Geospatial Conference (http://www.flemingeurope.com/aviation-and-defence-conferences/europe/2nd-annual-geospatial-intelligence-summit)
EEO/AGI-Scotland 2015: Citizen Science and GIScience - background and common ...Muki Haklay
These are slides from a talk at Edinburgh EEO/AGI-Scotland seminar. The talk explores how Geographic Information Science (GIScience) can contribute to citizen science, and what citizen science can contribute to GIScience.
2011 Transportation Research Board - Participatory Sensing: Smart Phones as S...Sean Barbeau
Discussion of mobile devices and how mobile apps can serve as new sensors that are carried around by the general public. Includes discussion of current technology, and implications of such tracking on device battery life and data transer, including benchmark results from actual devices.
Citizen Science in Open Science context: measuring & understanding impacts of...Muki Haklay
Within the emerging European agenda for open science, deeper public engagement with science, through citizen science, is now part and parcel of Horizon Europe. Yet, there are many issues that need to be understood – the uneven landscape of citizen science across the European Research Area, scientific disciplines, and institutions; the balancing of multiple goals that citizen science projects enact between raising awareness to scientific issues to producing data and analysis that can lead to top discoveries; measuring and assessing the outcomes and outputs of projects; and consideration about the data, analysis, and outputs. The talk will provide a short introduction to citizen science and modes of engagement in it, introduce the “Doing It Together Science” (DITOs) escalator model; and review some of the emerging policy responses to citizen science across the world.
COST Actions: ENERGIC, Mapping and the citizen sensor.Vyron
A presentation given during the COST Session in HAICTA 2013 (Cofru, Greece) about the aims and work of two COST Actions: ENERGIC (IC1203) and Mapping and the citizen sensor (TD1202). The presentation was put together by Cristina Capineri, Giles Foody and Vyron Antoniou.
Algorithmic governance in environmental information (or how technophilia shap...Muki Haklay
Presentation from a workshop in Galway, March 2016. Showing the history of linkage between environmental decision making and information systems, and the opportunities and challenges that this creates. Also the problem in terms of public access and use of information
The Willing Volunteer – Incorporating Voluntary Data into National DatabasesMuki Haklay
At present few mapping databases contain crowd sourced or voluntary data. Consider how, in the future, this will be a valuable source of data for national geospatial, cadastral and mapping agencies
Citizen science - theory, practice & policy workshopMuki Haklay
These slides are from a 3.5h workshop, as part of the Israeli Geographical Association, Jerusalem, 14 Dec 2015. The workshop provided knowledge of the field of citizen science and current trends that influence it; Helped participants to understand the principles and practical aspects of designing a citizen science project; Included a session with hands-on experience of citizen science activity; Learn about additional resources that can be used to design and run citizen science projects; Understand the policy trends that are influencing the field.
Many of the slides are from previous talks with organisation and ordered in a way that they are suitable for the workshop
Citizen Science & Geographical Technologies: creativity, learning, and engage...Muki Haklay
These slides are from a keynote talk at the Esri Education User Conference in 2016, about citizen science and extreme citizen science, and their link to geographical technologies
The role of learning in citizen scienceMuki Haklay
This is a presentation from the citizen science impact event at the Open University http://www.open.ac.uk/blogs/opentel/citizen-science-impact-event-at-the-open-university/
Citizen science offer different levels of engagement to participants, which have been captured in typologies of the field (contributory, collaborative, co-created, collegial / crowdsourcing, distributed intelligence, participatory science, extreme citizen science). These typologies do no explicitly examine learning. At the same time, projects and activities striving to fulfil multiple goals (excellent scientific output, satisfying engagement, good recruitment, learning …). Within ythe range of citizen science project, we can consider different aspects of learning that are occurring in them, Projects and use examples from a range of project, and raise some aspects that can help those who are designing co-created projects.
Mapping for Change: Digital Tools and Neighbourhood Design WorkshopNesta
A presentation given by representatives of UCL's Mapping for Change project at our Digital Tools and Neighbourhood Design Workshop, an event designed to explore the impact of digital tools on community design, engagement and improvement.
For more information, visit: http://www.nesta.org.uk/event/digital-tools-and-neighbourhood-planning-workshop
Extreme Citizen Science: Current Development Muki Haklay
Slides from a talk to UCL Institute of Global Prosperity soundbites event - 5th November 2015.
With a growing emphasis on civil society-led change in diverse disciplines, from International Development to Town Planning, there is an increasing demand to understand how institutions might work with the public effectively and fairly.
Extreme Citizen Science is a situated, bottom-up practice that takes into account local needs, practices and culture and works with broad networks of people to design and build new devices and knowledge creation processes that can transform the world.
In this talk, Muki will discuss the work of UCL Extreme Citizen Science group within the wider context of the developments in the field of citizen science.He will cover the work that ExCiteS has already done, currently developing and plans for the future.
https://www.igp.ucl.ac.uk/igp-events-pub/muki-haklay-extreme-citizen-science
Extreme Citizen Science technologies: attempting to embed values in codeMuki Haklay
Extreme Citizen Science (ExCiteS) is a situated, bottom-up practice that takes into account local needs, practices and culture and works with broad networks of people to design and build new devices and knowledge creation processes that can transform the world. The ExCiteS group at UCL was set up to support the implementation of this concept through the development of theories, methodologies, processes, and technologies that allow any community, regardless of (technical) literacy, to engage in citizen science projects that produce results that are meaningful and useful for them. Stemming from theoretical foundations in participatory action research and public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS), our technologies are designed to carry values with them. Once we visit these values, we can see how they turn into code, and ask how successful these efforts are, using cases in the Amazon, Congo-basin, Namibia, UK, and Malta.
Paper from the Programmable City workshop data and the city. See more details on my blog at http://wp.me/p7DNf-sX for description of the workshop. The paper explores the link between citizen science and philosophy of technology
Overview of Citizen Science - Zurich November 2015Muki Haklay
A presentation that provides an overview of the societal & technical trends that are at the basis of citizen science (as in previous talks), then a classification of the main types of citizen science and finally a short overview of policy trends.
Heather Blanchard, Co Founder of CrisisCommons, presentation at the Fleming Europe's 2nd Annual Geospatial Conference (http://www.flemingeurope.com/aviation-and-defence-conferences/europe/2nd-annual-geospatial-intelligence-summit)
EEO/AGI-Scotland 2015: Citizen Science and GIScience - background and common ...Muki Haklay
These are slides from a talk at Edinburgh EEO/AGI-Scotland seminar. The talk explores how Geographic Information Science (GIScience) can contribute to citizen science, and what citizen science can contribute to GIScience.
2011 Transportation Research Board - Participatory Sensing: Smart Phones as S...Sean Barbeau
Discussion of mobile devices and how mobile apps can serve as new sensors that are carried around by the general public. Includes discussion of current technology, and implications of such tracking on device battery life and data transer, including benchmark results from actual devices.
Citizen Science in Open Science context: measuring & understanding impacts of...Muki Haklay
Within the emerging European agenda for open science, deeper public engagement with science, through citizen science, is now part and parcel of Horizon Europe. Yet, there are many issues that need to be understood – the uneven landscape of citizen science across the European Research Area, scientific disciplines, and institutions; the balancing of multiple goals that citizen science projects enact between raising awareness to scientific issues to producing data and analysis that can lead to top discoveries; measuring and assessing the outcomes and outputs of projects; and consideration about the data, analysis, and outputs. The talk will provide a short introduction to citizen science and modes of engagement in it, introduce the “Doing It Together Science” (DITOs) escalator model; and review some of the emerging policy responses to citizen science across the world.
COST Actions: ENERGIC, Mapping and the citizen sensor.Vyron
A presentation given during the COST Session in HAICTA 2013 (Cofru, Greece) about the aims and work of two COST Actions: ENERGIC (IC1203) and Mapping and the citizen sensor (TD1202). The presentation was put together by Cristina Capineri, Giles Foody and Vyron Antoniou.
The main goal of this book chapter is to present a framework for analysis of online participation platforms. Recently, the whole range of various participation platforms emerged and there is a need for a model, which would enable to analyze their specific characteristics. The framework presented in this chapter, the participatory cube, is based on models proposed by Fung (2006) and Ferber et al. (2007). It consists of three axes which include interactive communication, access to space of participation, and decision power. These three categories play a major role in the analysis of the implemented study cases. The study cases were taken from two countries; Germany and Brazil. We concentrated on the selection of a variety of different examples of technologies that support to give voice to citizens either as an actor or as principal interlocutor of civil society organizations, aiming to offer, inform or try new ways and solutions to problems and issues raised by contemporary urban life. The participatory cube served as the model for the comparison of the selected cases. We conclude the article with a discussion about the framewok and further research directions.
Presenting a new, clear approach to defining neogeography and its various elements, understanding the stakeholders in VGI and researching how volunteered information may benefit users over and above traditional cartography.
From crowdsourced geographic information to participatory citizen science - e...Muki Haklay
Slides from presentation at Leicester Geography seminar March 2014, which is based on earlier discussion in a 'thinking and doing digital mapping' workshop in June 2013 in http://blog.digitalcartography.eu/2013/03/26/june-workshop-thinking-and-doing-digital-mapping/ as part of Charting the Digital project http://digitalcartography.eu/
The presentation discusses Volunteered Geographic Information (crowdsourced information) and Citizen Science, using the philosophy of technology of Albert Borgmann.
E-democracy in collaborative planning: a critical review Beniamino Murgante
E-democracy in collaborative planning: a critical review
Francesco Rotondo, Francesco Selicato - Department of Architecture and Town Planning of Polytechnic of Bari
Using Minecraft as a citizen participation tool in urban design and decision ...Ericsson
In partnership with UN-Habitat, Ericsson has carried out a social impact assessment of the use of Minecraft as a community participation tool in public space design in Kirtipur, Nepal.
Environmental Information: The Roles of Experts and the PublicMuki Haklay
Slides from a talk at Wilson Center, Washington DC, April 2014
Access to environmental information and use of it for environmental decision making are central pillars of environmental democracy. Yet, not much attention is paid to the question of who is producing it, and for whom? By examining the history of environmental information, since NEPA in 1969, three eras can be identified: information produced by experts, for experts (1969-1992); information produced by experts, to be shared by experts and the public (1992-2011); and finally, information produced by experts and the public to be shared by experts and the public.
Underlying these are changes in access to information, rise in levels of education and rapid change due to digital technologies. The three eras and their implication to environmental decision making will be explored, with special attention to the role of geographical information and geographical information systems and to citizen science.
Slides from an urban informatics presentation and workshop organized by Arup in San Francisco in September 21 2010, as part of the AIA Architecture and the City Festival 2010. The case study was the Mid-Market District in San Francisco, focusing on enhanced quality of life, city management and environmental sustainability via street-level data collection and visualization.
The persistent environmental digital divide(s) -RGS-IBG 2018Muki Haklay
Over 25 years ago, as the web was emerging as a medium for distributing public information, it was promoted as a tool for increased democratisation. From the age of dial-up modem and PCs to the use of mobile phones and smartphones, concerns about digital divides and how they impact the ability of local participation in environmental decision making never resolved. These digital divides are creating a tapestry of marginalisation through different devices, skills, and communication potentials, and it is valuable to reflect on their dimensions – both technical and social, and consider how we can consider them in a systematic way. The talk will attempt to reflect on technological and social changes and the attempts to address them.
Authors:
Tracey P. Lauriault, Programmable City Project, Maynooth University
Peter Mooney, Environmental Protection Agency Ireland and Department of Computer Science Maynooth University
Title:
Crowdsourcing: A Geographic Approach to Identifying Policy Opportunities and Challenges Toward Deeper Levels of Public Engagement
Presented:
The Internet, Policy and Politics Conference, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, September 25-26, 2014
See the abstract here:
http://ipp.oii.ox.ac.uk/2014/programme-2014/track-c-politics-of-engagement/community/tracey-p-lauriault-peter-mooney
Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI), communities and social media are three different terms. What do they have in common? At first all these terms are very modern and trendy
now. They are very often used not only in technical publications but these words and collocations are also used by the public. It is possible to say that primarily social media could
be described as buzzword (fashion word and vogue word).
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
3. Citizen Science
Democratization of GIS and science
Human community can be seen as a network composed by
billions of living sensors and contributors
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«Set of practices in which citizens participate
in data collection, analysis and dissemination
of a scientific project.»
- Cohn, J. P. (2008).
5. Long-running citizen
science
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This «classic» type of citizen science refers to the traditional
projects in which also amateurs, driven by curiosity and willing to
give their individual contribution to the community, are engaged
in traditional scientific activities.
Bonney R. et al. (2009).
6. Citizen cyberscience
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Volunteered computing: citizens offer the unused computing
resources of their computers;
Volunteered thinking: citizens offer their cognitive abilities
for performing tasks difficult for machines;
Volunteered sensing: passive sensing, where citizens use the
sensors integrated into mobile computing devices to carry out
automatic sensing tasks.
7. Community science
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Participatory sensing: citizens use the sensors integrated into
mobile computing devices to carry outsensing tasks;
Do it Yourself (DIY): participants create their scientific tools
and methodology to carry out their researches;
Civic science: explicitly linked to community goals and questions
the state of things.
15. VGI – Main characteristics
Community based
Fluid roles
Evolving database
Common property – individual merit
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16. VGI – The role in the community
PRODUCER
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USER
+
=
PRODUSER
Volunteered Geographic Information
VGI break down the boundaries of defined and
traditionally opposite roles
18. Contributors categories – Fluid roles
Experience gained through practising and studying makes
possible moving from one role to another.
Local knowledge is another important factor to be considered.
«We are all experts in our own local communities.»
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Goodchild, M. (2007).
19. Evolving database
The idea of a constantly changing reality – due to
the effect of both natural and anthropic event –
implies a continuous updating process.
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Volunteer contribution becomes part of a process
consisting in alteration, overwriting and
discussion of existing data.
20. Common property – Individual merit
The single produser, for different motivations, feels the
need to contribute or share his/her idea.
A good quality contribution strengthens the produser
reputation, giving him/her merits.
In the context of the collective intelligence, members of
the community adopt non-traditional approaches to
legal and moral rights for intellectual property,
emphasising the collective nature of the process.
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21. Other factors to be considered
• Humanity (possibility of bot routine)
• Frequency (casual/serious mapper)
• Complexity of contribution
• Individual reputation for reliability
• Level of awareness of the volunteered contribution
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22. Contexts for individual volunteered contribution/1
Mapping and navigation
Contribution to a public map series or a database
supporting a navigation or routing service. The
contribution is not always completely volunteer.
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23. Contexts for individual volunteered contribution/2
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Social networks
Contribution is based on a platform structured like a
social network driven by active members of the
community.
24. Contexts for individual volunteered contribution/3
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Civic/Governamental
Contribution supports act as a concerned citizen of a
given town or city or a member of an humanitarian,
environmental or animal rights group.
25. Contexts for individual volunteered contribution/4
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Emergency reporting
Reporting of the presence and extent of major
accident, incidents, humanitarian crisis and natural or
man-made disasters (wildfires, flood, earthquake etc.).
26. Contexts for individual volunteered contribution/5
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Gamification
Contribution is based on tasks or challenges in which
the geographic location is a fundamental element for
the final result/score.
27. Motivations to contribute
• Altruism
• Professional or personal interest
• Intellectual stimulation
• Protection or enhancement of a personal investment
• Social reward
• Enhanched personal reputation
• Outlet for creative & independent self expression
• Pride of place
• …
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Budhathoki, N. & Haythornthwaite, C. (2012).
29. Mobile mapping
Outdoor or mobile mapping could be performed with
easy-to-use application for all the different operating
systems.
Many open-source tools are available for the development
of innovative solutions for data collection using portable
devices. These software tools fill the need of specific
scientific projects.
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30. Examples
Enketo Smart Paper
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Enketo Smart Paper is a free and open-source web application that uses
a popular open-source form format. The purpose of this specification is to
provide a common form description standard that many compatible tools
can be based on.
Enketo has been used for a wide range of uses: humanitarian aid, raising
historical awareness, clinical research, election monitoring and more.
Surveys deployed with Enketo work also offline and run on any device,
mobile or desktop. It has been adopted by Open Data Kit.
https://enketo.org/
31. Examples
Open Data Kit (ODK)
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ODK (OpenDataKit) is an open-source suite of tools for collecting,
managing and using data, focused on its simplicity of use, which
includes an Android application for data collection.
It is composed of three modules:
• ODK Build: used to design the survey form that users fill in;
• ODK Aggregate: server-side, it provides blank forms, stores the data
submitted, administer the users and visualize collected data ;
• ODK Collect: client-side, where users fill blank forms and various
data (text, numeric, data/time, location, image, audio, video,
barcode) are collected.
Kilsedar, C. E. (2018).
32. Examples
Via Regina Application/1
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This application has been developed with ODK with the goal of supporting
slow tourism in the crossborder area of the same name between Italy and
Switzerland within the Paths of Regina INTERREG project.
The purpose of the project was to collect historical and cultural,
morphological, touristic, and critical data. The application allows everyone
to submit georeferenced points of interest (POIs) in predefined categories:
historical and cultural, morphological touristic and critical data.
The project engaged universities, local administrations and cultural
associations, involving a wide range of expertises related to cultural heritage
studies, geomatics, land use and design.
http://www.viaregina.eu/app
33. Examples
Via Regina Application/2
Functionalities
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While reporting a point of interest (POI), the application asks the category
of the element, its name, the position (through GPS or an interactive
map), a picture, and optionally a video and an audio record of it.
34. Examples
Geo-Wiki/1
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Created in 2009, Geo-Wiki is a web platform engaging citizens in
process of environmental monitoring.
Individual contribution, via both desktop and mobile, is motivated
through the creation of specific campaigns and games in which
registered users can provide feedback on existing information overlaid
on satellite imagery or by contributing entirely new data.
https://www.geo-wiki.org/
36. Examples
Land Cover Collector/1
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Developed within a 2018 initiative, the Land Cover Collector (LCC)
application allows its users to collect field data according to the same LC
nomenclature of GlobeLand30, which is the highest-resolution (30 m) land
cover map available globally.
LCC is a mobile application as well as a web platform. It also enable offline
data collection, an option that is crucial for collecting LC data in remote
places.
Collected data are released under the Open Database Licence.
https://landcover.como.polimi.it/collector/
37. Examples
Land Cover Collector/2
Mobile application contribution
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Set current position Define LC class
Resulting point
contribution
Data query and
visualization
38. Examples
Land Cover Validation Game/1
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Developed in 2015 by Politecnico di Milano GEOLab, the Land Cover
Validation Game is a project whose objective is to handle the disagreement
pixels between different land cover maps and validate them through the
involvement of citizens.
The citizens are engaged in the process by playing and guessing case by case
the land cover class represented in the picture. The possible options are
identified by the categories from the official CORINE classification.
Citizens become “human processors” for a gamified application.
Brovelli, M. A. et al. (2019).
39. Examples
Land Cover Validation Game/2
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Innovative and entertaining way to engage citizen scientists, even with no
experience, in the process of validation of high-quality data.
40. Examples
Geopaparazzi
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Tool developed to do fast qualitative
engineering/geologic surveys and GIS data collection. Its
source code is on GitHub and it is free. GPS tracking is
supported.
In the map view it is possible to create, view, and edit
the geometry and attributes of point, line and polygon
features held in a SpatiaLite database.
Data can be exported in KMZ, GPX, bookmarks in CSV,
images, notes in PDF, Cloud Projects; imported in GPX,
OGC Web Map Service (WMS), SpatiaLite, bookmarks
collected in CSV, Cloud Projects and Profiles formats.
Data is not stored on a server.
Available on
Kilsedar, C. E. (2018).
41. Examples
Mapad/1
Defibrillator Hunter
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Mapad is a cross-platform mobile application that allows users to map
defibrillators on the field in an easy and fun way.
The app is based on a score system with points assigned with contribution
for each defibrillator properly mapped and with a global leader board
constantly updated.
The application will alert the user when close to a defibrillator already
present in the official database.
https://github.com/epessina/Mapad
Available on
43. Examples
Stall Catchers
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Designed by Cornell University, Stall Catchers is a citizen science
application developed to search the brain for stalled blood vessels
that may contribute to Alzheimer’s disease.
It is an online game that can be played by anyone by looking at
movies from the brains of mice and try to identify vessels.
https://stallcatchers.com/main#
44. Examples
Penguin Watch
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Penguin Watch is a project developed by researchers from the ornithology
department of the University of Oxford in collaboration with Zooniverse.
The aim of the game associated to the project is to count penguins in remote
regions (Southern Ocean and Antartic Peninsula) to help researchers to understand
the threats of different environmental conditions on penguin natural habitat.
https://www.zooniverse.org/projects/penguintom79/penguin-watch/classify
45. Examples
Pl@ntNet
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It is a French research and educational initiative
interested in plant biodiversity active since 2009.
Pl@ntNet is a citizen science project available also
as an app that helps its users to identify plants
through pictures.
This procedure is possible thanks to contributions
and observations made by every single person
who is part of the growing community.
https://plantnet.org/en/
46. Examples
Sensafety
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In the field of urban studies, Technische Universität
Berlin in 2019 designed the Sensafety application
to enable citizen scientists to capture the
perceived safety in public spaces and to
experience the statistical results immediately on an
interactive map.
Citizens contribute by answering the question “Do
you feel safe at your location right now?”.
Statistical location-based results could be further
investigated by local research groups or
institutions.
https://www.sensafety.org/index.html
47. Examples
Other useful tool for VGI collection and mapping
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CyberTracker
It helps create Android applications for GPS data collection. Info
Epicollect
This platform enables to collect individualised geotagged info together with pictures via smartphones
and present it on a project website. Info
GeoODK
A mobile application based on ODK Collect but with extended mapping functionalities. Info
KoBoToolbox
Integrated set of tools with complex validation rules and skip logic. Info
Ona
Open-source forms that capture GPS, error validation, logic, signatures, photos and more. Info
Sensr
It helps to create project apps for smartphone or to take part in already existing projects. Info
48. Examples
Other interesting Citizen Science projects
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LandslidesSurvey
Mobile application that allows users with any degree of knowledge to map landslides on the
field.
Info: https://github.com/epessina/LandslidesSurvey
Picture Pile
A Geo-Wiki application that involves citizen scientists in a picture sorting game related to climate
change.
Info: https://geo-wiki.org/games/picturepile/
FotoQuest Go
Application that collects evidences of landscape changes gathered by individual contributors.
Info: http://fotoquest-go.org/en/
More projects like these: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_citizen_science_projects
49. Bibliography
• Bonney R. et al. (2009). Public Participation in Scientific Research: Defining the Field and Assessing
Its Potential for Informal Science Education. Retrieved from
http://www.birds.cornell.edu/citscitoolkit/plublications/CAISE-PPSR-report-2009.pdf
• Brovelli, M. A., Kilsedar, C. E., and Frassinelli, F.: Mobile Tools for Community Scientists, Abstr. Int.
Cartogr. Assoc., 1, 30, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-30-2019, 2019.
• Brovelli, M.A., Celino, I., Molinari, M., Venkatachalam, V., 2015. Land cover validation game, in:
Geomatics Workbooks No. 12. FOSS4G Europe Como 2015. pp. 153–157.
• Budhathoki, N. & Haythornthwaite, C. (2012). “Motivation for Open Collaboration: Crowd and
Community Models and the Case of OpenStreetMap” American Behavioral Scientist.
• Cohn, J. P. (2008). Citizen science: Can volunteers do real research?. BioScience, 58(3), 192-197.
• Coleman, D. J. et al. (2009). “Volunteered geographic information: The nature and motivation of
produsers” International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research 4: 332–58.
• Goodchild, M.F. (2007). "Citizens as voluntary sensors: spatial data infrastructure in the world of
Web 2.0" International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research 2: 24–32.
• Howe, J. (2006). “The rise of crowdsourcing” Wired Magazine 14: 1-44
• Kilsedar, C. E. (2018). “Examples Of Mobile Mapping Application” GIS Course, Politecnico di Milano
– Lecco campus
• O’Reilly, T. (2007). “What is Web 2.0: Design patterns and business models for the next generation
of software. Communications & Strategies” 1, 17.
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50. Federica Gaspari
Responsible for Communication and Social Media
PoliMappers
federica.gaspari@mail.polimi.it
Contacts
Politecnico di Milano | Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering