The document discusses Marie Curie and her discoveries around radioactivity and radiation. It describes the three main types of nuclear radiation: alpha radiation which consists of helium nuclei, beta radiation which are high-speed electrons, and gamma radiation which is electromagnetic radiation. Nuclear radiation can damage living tissue through ionization.

1. Bellwork‐ atomic structure
Fill in the chart
Subatomic Location Charge Mass
particle (in or out
of nucleus)
Proton
Neutron
Electron

2. 25.1 Lecture 25.1- Nuclear Radiation
Marie Curie was a Polish
scientist whose research
led to many discoveries
about radiation and
radioactive elements. In
1934 she died from
leukemia caused by her
long-term exposure to
radiation. You will learn
about the various types of
radiation and their effects.

3. 25.1
Marie Curie (1867-1934) and Pierre Curie
(1859-1906) were able to show that rays
emitted by uranium atoms caused fogging
in photographic plates.

4. 25.1
Marie Curie (1867-1934) and Pierre Curie
(1859-1906) were able to show that rays
emitted by uranium atoms caused fogging
in photographic plates.
• Marie Curie named the process by which
materials give off such rays radioactivity.

5. 25.1
Marie Curie (1867-1934) and Pierre Curie
(1859-1906) were able to show that rays
emitted by uranium atoms caused fogging
in photographic plates.
• Marie Curie named the process by which
materials give off such rays radioactivity.
•The penetrating rays and
particles emitted by a radioactive
source are called radiation.

6. 25.1
Nuclear reactions differ from chemical
reactions in a number of important ways.

7. 25.1
Nuclear reactions differ from chemical
reactions in a number of important ways.
• In chemical reactions, atoms tend to
attain stable electron configurations by
losing or sharing electrons.

8. 25.1
Nuclear reactions differ from chemical
reactions in a number of important ways.
• In chemical reactions, atoms tend to
attain stable electron configurations by
losing or sharing electrons.
• In nuclear reactions, the nucleus
gains stability by undergoing changes.

9. An unstable nucleus releases energy
by emitting radiation during the
process of radioactive decay.

10. An unstable nucleus releases energy
by emitting radiation during the
process of radioactive decay.
An unstable nucleus is called a
radioisotope.

11. 25.1
The three main types of nuclear
radiation are alpha radiation, beta
radiation, and gamma radiation.

12. 25.1
Alpha radiation consists of helium
nuclei.

13. 25.1
Alpha radiation consists of helium
nuclei.
These particles, called alpha
particles, contain two protons and
two neutrons and have a double
positive charge.

14. 25.1
Alpha radiation consists of helium
nuclei.
These particles, called alpha
particles, contain two protons and
two neutrons and have a double
positive charge.

15. 25.1
An electron resulting from the
breaking apart of a neutron in an
atom is called a beta particle.

16. 25.1
Carbon-14 emits a beta particle as it
undergoes radioactive decay to form
nitrogen-14.

17. 25.1

18. 25.1

19. 25.1

20. 25.1

21. 25.1

22. 25.1

23. 25.1
A high-energy photon emitted by a
radioisotope is called a gamma ray.
Gamma rays are electromagnetic
radiation.

24. 25.1
A high-energy photon emitted by a
radioisotope is called a gamma ray.
Gamma rays are electromagnetic
radiation.

25. 25.1
A high-energy photon emitted by a
radioisotope is called a gamma ray.
Gamma rays are electromagnetic
radiation.
Gamma ray emission does not
change the element.

26. 25.1
Alpha particles are the least
penetrating.
Gamma rays are the most
penetrating.

27. particle Alpha α Beta β Gamma γ
Mass 4amu ≈0 0
Charge +2 -1 0
Effect on loses two converts a loses energy
nucleus protons and two neutron to a The element
neutrons proton & ejects does not change
The an electron
ELEMENT The ELEMENT
changes changes
What it is Helium nucleus electron High energy
electromagnetic
radiation
Stop it Paper/skin 1cm/metal foil Lead/concrete
damage High ionization Medium Lowest
ionization ionization

28. Damage from nuclear radiation is due
to ionization of living tissue.

29. Damage from nuclear radiation is due
to ionization of living tissue.
Nuclear radiation is called ionizing
radiation because it produces ions from
neutral molecules.

30. Damage from nuclear radiation is due
to ionization of living tissue.
Nuclear radiation is called ionizing
radiation because it produces ions from
neutral molecules.
Alpha radiation has a low penetration,
but it is the most damaging to living
tissue because it deposits all its energy
along a short path.

31. 25.1 Section Quiz.
1. Certain elements are radioactive
because their atoms have
a. more neutrons than
electrons.
b. an unstable nucleus.
c. a large nucleus.
d. more neutrons than protons.

32. 25.1 Section Quiz.
1. Certain elements are radioactive
because their atoms have
a. more neutrons than
electrons.
b. an unstable nucleus.
c. a large nucleus.
d. more neutrons than protons.

33. 25.1 Section Quiz.
2. An unstable nucleus releases energy by
a. emitting radiation.
b. thermal vibrations.
c. a chemical reaction.
d. giving off heat.

34. 25.1 Section Quiz.
2. An unstable nucleus releases energy by
a. emitting radiation.
b. thermal vibrations.
c. a chemical reaction.
d. giving off heat.

35. 25.1 Section Quiz.
3. Which property does NOT describe
an alpha particle?
a. 2+ charge
b. a relatively large mass
c. a negative charge
d. low penetrating power

36. 25.1 Section Quiz.
3. Which property does NOT describe
an alpha particle?
a. 2+ charge
b. a relatively large mass
c. a negative charge
d. low penetrating power

37. 25.1 Section Quiz.
4. When a radioactive nucleus releases a
high-speed electron, the process can be
described as
a. oxidation.
b. alpha emission.
c. beta emission.

38. 25.1 Section Quiz.
4. When a radioactive nucleus releases a
high-speed electron, the process can be
described as
a. oxidation.
b. alpha emission.
c. beta emission.