This document discusses ionization and different types of radiation. It defines ionization as the process of changing an atom or molecule into an ionizing material through radiation like beta, gamma, or alpha particles. It describes alpha particles as relatively slow and heavy, able to be stopped by paper, while beta particles can be stopped by aluminum and gamma rays require lead shielding. The document compares the ionizing abilities and properties of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation and identifies visible light, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves as examples of non-ionizing radiation due to their low energies.

1. •To explain what
ionisation is.
•To understand the
ionising properties.

2. WHAT IS IONISATION
 Ionisation has abilities that allow it
to change a atom or a molecule
(beta, gamma & alpha) into a
ionising material.
 There are some cases where we are
likely to find non ionising radiation
(only in some objects for e.g.-)
 Ionizing radiation can consist of
high speed subatomic (means
smaller than or occurring with in an
atom.)

3. It
consists
of 2
protons
(+) 2
neutron
s (-)
Properties of
alpha
•Alpha particles
are relatively slow.
•They have a low
penetrating power
•You can stop them
with just a sheet of
paper.
Alpha particles are
•Alpha Particles relatively slow and heavy
are heavier they are not much of a
threat to the human body as
it penetrates low power.
As you can see
here alpha is
stopped by a
sheet of paper

4. Beta is a
free electron
It also
consists of
fast moving
Properties of Beta electrons
• A positively
charged beta
particle differs
from an electron by
having equal but
opposite electrical
properties. A stream
of beta particles is
called a beta ray.
•Beta rays are used
in equipment for
measuring and
controlling the
thickness of plastic
films.
•beta has the
medium penetrating
power and the
medium ionising
•Beta can be
stopped by
aluminium.

5. Gamma
consists of a
very high
Properties of Gamma electromagne
tic radiation.
•Gamma waves are
what scientists use
to keep food longer.
•Gamma can cause
cancer
•It can be an
advantage for us
however it can also
be a disadvantage
in terms of the
effects it has on us.
•They give out a
high amount of
energy it is
extremely
dangerous.
•it can be stopped
by lead.

6. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ALPHA
BETA AND GAMMA
 Demonstrate an understanding of the differences
between alpha, beta and gamma radiation in
terms of their ability.
 Alpha particle ionised more gas molecule in the
cloud chamber than beta particles, producing
more alcohol and water.
 A gamma ray is a packet of electromagnetic
energy.
 Alpha, beta and gamma are all different (they are
all ionising) however this is the only similarity
that they differ.

7. DEMONSTRATE AN
UNDERSTANDING THAT THE
FOLLOWING ARE NON-IONISING
 Visible light
 Infar red
 Microwaves
 Radio waves
I can demonstrate an understanding that
the following at the top are non-ionising
simply because they are all low energy
waves that do not consist enough energy
to knock of an electron.