The document discusses vehicle motion and equations of motion. It defines kinematic and kinetic motion and describes rectilinear and curvilinear motion. Equations are provided for rectilinear motion involving displacement, velocity, acceleration, and motion with constant acceleration. Additional topics covered include braking distance equations, motion on circular curves involving centripetal acceleration and minimum radius, and relative motion between objects.
traffic volume studies pdf
traffic studies pdf
types of traffic engineering studies
traffic volume study report
traffic volume study
traffic impact studies
types of traffic studies
traffic safety studies
average daily traffic calculation
traffic volume formula
how to calculate adt traffic
calculating adt from peak hour
traffic volume growth factor formula
traffic growth rate calculator
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Transition curve and Super-elevation
Transition Curve
Objectives of Transition Curve
Properties Of Transition Curve
Types Of Transition Curve
Length Of Transition Curve
Superelevation
Objective of providing superelevation
Advantages of providing superelevation
Superelevation Formula
Numerical
traffic volume studies pdf
traffic studies pdf
types of traffic engineering studies
traffic volume study report
traffic volume study
traffic impact studies
types of traffic studies
traffic safety studies
average daily traffic calculation
traffic volume formula
how to calculate adt traffic
calculating adt from peak hour
traffic volume growth factor formula
traffic growth rate calculator
aadt to peak hour volume
calculate dhv from adt
Transition curve and Super-elevation
Transition Curve
Objectives of Transition Curve
Properties Of Transition Curve
Types Of Transition Curve
Length Of Transition Curve
Superelevation
Objective of providing superelevation
Advantages of providing superelevation
Superelevation Formula
Numerical
Detailed description of Capacity and Level of service of Multi lane highways based on Highway Capacity Manual (HCM2010) along with one example for finding LOS of a highway
Sight distance is the length of road visible ahead of the driver at any instance.
Sight distance available at any location of the carriageway is the actual distance a driver with his eye level at a specified height above the pavements surface has visibility of any stationary or moving object of specified height which is on the carriageway ahead.
The sight distance between the driver and the object is measured along the road surface.
A highway pavement is a structure consisting of superimposed layers of processed materials above the natural soil sub-grade, whose primary function is to distribute the applied vehicle loads to the sub-grade. The pavement structure should be able to provide a surface of acceptable riding quality, adequate skid resistance, favorable light reflecting characteristics, and low noise pollution. The ultimate aim is to ensure that the transmitted stresses due to wheel load are sufficiently reduced, so that they will not exceed bearing capacity of the sub-grade. Two types of pavements are generally recognized as serving this purpose, namely flexible pavements and rigid pavements.
Get an overview of pavement types, layers, and their functions, and pavement failures as Improper design of pavements leads to early failure of pavements affecting the riding quality.
Pavements form the basic supporting structure in highway transportation. Each layer of pavement has a multitude of functions to perform which has to be duly considered during the design process. Different types of pavements can be adopted depending upon the traffic requirements.
The overtaking sight distance or passing sight distance is measured along the center line of the road over which a driver with his eye level 1.2 m above the road surface can see the top of an object 1.2 m above the road surface.
passing sight distance formula
aashto intersection sight triangles
highway sight distance
stopping sight distance formula
stopping sight distance calculator
headlight sight distance equation
headlight sight distance
aashto sight triangle standards
stopping site distance
safe stopping sight distance
aashto stopping sight distance
sight distance in geometric design
stopping sight distance example
ssd stopping sight distance
stopping site distance calculation
headlight sight distance
Detailed description of Capacity and Level of service of Multi lane highways based on Highway Capacity Manual (HCM2010) along with one example for finding LOS of a highway
Sight distance is the length of road visible ahead of the driver at any instance.
Sight distance available at any location of the carriageway is the actual distance a driver with his eye level at a specified height above the pavements surface has visibility of any stationary or moving object of specified height which is on the carriageway ahead.
The sight distance between the driver and the object is measured along the road surface.
A highway pavement is a structure consisting of superimposed layers of processed materials above the natural soil sub-grade, whose primary function is to distribute the applied vehicle loads to the sub-grade. The pavement structure should be able to provide a surface of acceptable riding quality, adequate skid resistance, favorable light reflecting characteristics, and low noise pollution. The ultimate aim is to ensure that the transmitted stresses due to wheel load are sufficiently reduced, so that they will not exceed bearing capacity of the sub-grade. Two types of pavements are generally recognized as serving this purpose, namely flexible pavements and rigid pavements.
Get an overview of pavement types, layers, and their functions, and pavement failures as Improper design of pavements leads to early failure of pavements affecting the riding quality.
Pavements form the basic supporting structure in highway transportation. Each layer of pavement has a multitude of functions to perform which has to be duly considered during the design process. Different types of pavements can be adopted depending upon the traffic requirements.
The overtaking sight distance or passing sight distance is measured along the center line of the road over which a driver with his eye level 1.2 m above the road surface can see the top of an object 1.2 m above the road surface.
passing sight distance formula
aashto intersection sight triangles
highway sight distance
stopping sight distance formula
stopping sight distance calculator
headlight sight distance equation
headlight sight distance
aashto sight triangle standards
stopping site distance
safe stopping sight distance
aashto stopping sight distance
sight distance in geometric design
stopping sight distance example
ssd stopping sight distance
stopping site distance calculation
headlight sight distance
A manual for community and professional education on the concept, design and implementation of complete streets. Developed for Macomb County MI as part of the planning professional practice course at the University of Michigan.
Updated Traffic Analysis Tools for Complete StreetsWSP
Incorporating Pedestrian Level of Service into Traffic Analysis for Improved Decision-Making
Presented by Paul Tétreault, Eng., Urb., P.Eng., M.U.P. and François Bélisle, Eng., B.Sc., M.A. from WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff at the 2015 Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) Conference & Exhibition, from September 27 to 30.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
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2. Transportation
Engineering
Dr. Lina Shbeeb2
Definitions
• Kinematic is the study of motion irrespective of
the forces that cause it
• Kinetic is the study of motion that accounts the
forces that cause it.
• The motion of a body can be linear or curvilinear
• It can be investigated in relation to a fixed
coordinate system (absolute motion) or in
relation to a moving coordinate system (relative
motion)
Vehicle motion can be described based on kinematic and kinetic equations
3. Transportation
Engineering
Dr. Lina Shbeeb3
Equation of motion/ Rectilinear Motion
• The rectilinear position of x is measured from a
reference point and has unit of length
• The displacement is the difference in its position
between two instants.
• Velocity v is the displacement of the particle divided by
time over which the displacement occurs. It is given by
the derivative of the displacement with respect of time
• Speed is a scalar quantity and it is equal to the
magnitude of the velocity, which is a vector
dt
dx
v
4. Transportation
Engineering
Dr. Lina Shbeeb4
Equation of motion/ Rectilinear Motion
• Acceleration a is the rate of change
of velocity with respect to time.
• It can be positive, zero or negative.
Negative acceleration or what is
common known as deceleration is
often denoted as d and its
magnitude is given in the positive
(d of 16 ft/s2 equals the same as an
acceleration of - ft/s2)
adxvdv
toleadswhich
v
dx
dv
a
dt
dx
dx
dv
a
dt
dv
a
Equation derivation
5. Transportation
Engineering
Dr. Lina Shbeeb5
Equation of motion/ Rectilinear Motion
• The simplest case of rectilinear motion is the
case of constant acceleration where
oo
oo
o
t
o
v
v
xtvatx
Thus
xxavv
leadwhichadxvdv
inegratingbycedisoffunctionaasressedbecanvelocityThe
vatv
dtadv
givesttotittheoveregratingby
adtdv
tconsa
dt
dv
o
2
22
2
1
)(
2
1
,
tanexp
0limint
tan
6. Transportation
Engineering
Dr. Lina Shbeeb6
…Equation of motion/ Rectilinear Motion
• The acceleration of a vehicle from an initial speed vo is
given by the relationship
Acceleration as a function of velocity
)1()1(
)(
,
)1(
)ln(
1
tan
2
BtoBt
Bt
o
Bt
o
Bt
v
v
t
o
v
v
e
B
v
e
B
A
t
B
A
x
eBvAa
equalsaBvAainsubstituteisvif
eve
B
A
v
leadwhich
tBvA
B
dt
BvA
dv
consareBandA
BvA
dt
dv
a
o
o
14. Dr. Lina Shbeeb
Constant Acceleration Motion
consta
dt
dv
tv
v
adtdv 00
0vatv
av
dx
dv
xv
v
adxvdv 00
a
vv
x
2
2
0
2
dtvatvdtdx )( 0
x t
dtvatdx0 0 0 )(
tvatx 0
2
2
1
Remark: The equation used for design is , where the
deceleration rate has a positive value.
a
vv
x
2
22
0
15. Dr. Lina Shbeeb
Exercise
•From the following data,
calculate the acceleration
rate at the distance of 2
feet from the reference
point.
Distance
(ft)
Speed
(ft/s)
0 19.4
1 19.6
2 20.0
3 20.8
4 21.3
a=5.91ft/s2???
16. Transportation
Engineering
Dr. Lina Shbeeb16
Constant Acceleration Motion
consta
dt
dv
tv
v
adtdv 00
0vatv
av
dx
dv
xv
v
adxvdv 00
a
vv
x
2
2
0
2
dtvatvdtdx )( 0
x t
dtvatdx0 0 0 )(
tvatx 0
2
2
1
Remark: The equation used for design is , where the
deceleration rate has a positive value.
a
vv
x
2
22
0
18. Transportation
Engineering
Dr. Lina Shbeeb18
Braking on Grades
sincos WWfa
g
W
a
vv
x
2
22
0
x
Db
cos
2
cos
22
0
a
vv
xDb
bD
vva
2
cos
)( 22
0
cos
sincos
2
cos
)(
1 22
0
f
D
vv
g b
cos
sin
2
1
)(
1 22
0
f
D
vv
g b
G
tan
cos
sin
)(2
22
0
Gfg
vv
Db
19. Transportation
Engineering
Dr. Lina Shbeeb19
Braking distance
• Braking Distance (Db)
• Db = distance from brakes enact to final speed
• Db = f(velocity, grade, friction)
• Db = (V0
2 – V2)/[30(f +/- G)]
• or
• Db = (V0
2 – V2)/[254(f +/- G)] metric
– Db = braking distance (feet or meters)
– V0 = initial velocity (mph or kph)
– V = final velocity (mph or kph)
– f = coefficient of friction
– G = Grade (decimal)
30 or 254 = conversion coefficient
20. Transportation
Engineering
Dr. Lina Shbeeb20
Braking Distance
Db = braking distance
u = initial velocity when brakes are
applied
a = vehicle acceleration
g = acceleration of gravity (32.2 ft/sec2)
G = grade (decimal), level roads G=zero
• AASHTO represents friction as a/g which is a function
of the roadway, tires, etc
• Can use when deceleration is known (usually not) or
use previous equation with friction
Db = _____u2_____
30({a/g} ± G)
21. Transportation
Engineering
Dr. Lina Shbeeb21
Vehicle Braking Distance
• Factors
• Braking System
• Tire Condition
• Roadway Surface
• Initial Speed
• Grade
• Braking Distance Equation
• db = (V2 - U2) / 30( f + g )
25. Transportation
Engineering
Dr. Lina Shbeeb25
Minimum Radius of a Circular Curve
• where u = vehicle velocity (mph)
• e = tan (rate of superelevation)
• fs = coefficient of side friction (depends on design speed)
• Example
– design speed = 65 mph
– rate of superelevation = 0.05
– coefficient of side friction = 0.11
• Solution
– minimum radius
– R = (65)2/[15(0.05+0.11)] = 1760 ft
)(15
2
sfe
u
R
26. Transportation
Engineering
Dr. Lina Shbeeb26
Relative Motion
• It is common to examine the motion of one
object in relation to another, for example the
motion of vehicles on a highway may be studies
from the point of view of the driver of a moving
vehicle.
• The simplest case of relative motion involves the
motion of one object B relative to a coordinate
system (x, y, z) that is translating but not rotating
with respect to a fixed coordinate system (X, Y,
Z)
27. Transportation
Engineering
Dr. Lina Shbeeb27
Relative Motion
• The relationship between the position vectors of the two objects in relation to the fixed
system, RA and RB and the position vector rB/A with respect to the moving object A is
Y
Z
y
X
x
z
RA
RB
RA/B
ABAB
ABAB
ABAB
aaa
and
vvv
givestimetorespectwithatingDifferenti
rrr
/
/
/