The document discusses highway geometric design and its key elements. It aims to maximize safety, comfort and efficiency while minimizing costs and environmental impacts. Geometric design considers the road's alignment, cross-section, sight distances and intersections. Elements include the carriageway, shoulders, formation width, right of way, side slopes, berms and side drains. Camber and super elevation help drain water and counteract centrifugal forces on curves. Sight distance requirements like stopping sight distance ensure drivers can see far enough to stop safely.
Highway planning and alignment: Different modes of transportation – historical Development of road construction- Highway Development in India –Classification of roads- Road pattern
– Highway planning in India- Highway alignment - Engineering Surveys for alignment – Highway Project- Important Transport/Highway related agencies in India. PMGSY project.
Introduction about IRC, NRRDA
Highway Engineering for BE Civil Engineering Students
History of Roads in India, IRC, CRRI, Classification of Roads, Three 20 year Road Development Plans, Road patterns, Accident Studies,
Highway planning and alignment: Different modes of transportation – historical Development of road construction- Highway Development in India –Classification of roads- Road pattern
– Highway planning in India- Highway alignment - Engineering Surveys for alignment – Highway Project- Important Transport/Highway related agencies in India. PMGSY project.
Introduction about IRC, NRRDA
Highway Engineering for BE Civil Engineering Students
History of Roads in India, IRC, CRRI, Classification of Roads, Three 20 year Road Development Plans, Road patterns, Accident Studies,
Alignment: The position or the layout of the central line of the highway on the ground is called the alignment.
Highway Alignment includes both
a) Horizontal alignment includes straight and curved paths, the deviations and horizontal curves.
b) Vertical alignment includes changes in level, gradients and vertical curves.
The overtaking sight distance or passing sight distance is measured along the center line of the road over which a driver with his eye level 1.2 m above the road surface can see the top of an object 1.2 m above the road surface.
passing sight distance formula
aashto intersection sight triangles
highway sight distance
stopping sight distance formula
stopping sight distance calculator
headlight sight distance equation
headlight sight distance
aashto sight triangle standards
stopping site distance
safe stopping sight distance
aashto stopping sight distance
sight distance in geometric design
stopping sight distance example
ssd stopping sight distance
stopping site distance calculation
headlight sight distance
Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Rail Fastenings.
Types and Selection of Gauges
Transportation Engineering
Brief study on measurement of spot speed with the help of enoscope for diploma engineering students of civil engineering stream.
A presentation on highway geometric design which includes:
definition,
Goals,
Road Alignment,
Its cross section,
Pavement Design, &
Theory about super Elevation
Alignment: The position or the layout of the central line of the highway on the ground is called the alignment.
Highway Alignment includes both
a) Horizontal alignment includes straight and curved paths, the deviations and horizontal curves.
b) Vertical alignment includes changes in level, gradients and vertical curves.
The overtaking sight distance or passing sight distance is measured along the center line of the road over which a driver with his eye level 1.2 m above the road surface can see the top of an object 1.2 m above the road surface.
passing sight distance formula
aashto intersection sight triangles
highway sight distance
stopping sight distance formula
stopping sight distance calculator
headlight sight distance equation
headlight sight distance
aashto sight triangle standards
stopping site distance
safe stopping sight distance
aashto stopping sight distance
sight distance in geometric design
stopping sight distance example
ssd stopping sight distance
stopping site distance calculation
headlight sight distance
Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Rail Fastenings.
Types and Selection of Gauges
Transportation Engineering
Brief study on measurement of spot speed with the help of enoscope for diploma engineering students of civil engineering stream.
A presentation on highway geometric design which includes:
definition,
Goals,
Road Alignment,
Its cross section,
Pavement Design, &
Theory about super Elevation
transportation Engineering.Highway planning,alignment and geometry.ayudge
Broad description of highway planning,alignments and geometric design,factors involved in it.
history of road development in india.
all 20 year plan.
stopping sight distance.
overtaking sight distance.
P.I.E.V theory and lots more.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
2. Importance of geometric design
•The geometric design of a highway deals with the dimensions and layout of visible
features of the highway such as alignment, sight distance and intersection.
•The main objective of highway design is to provide optimum efficiency in traffic
operation with maximum safety at reasonable cost.
•Geometric design of highways deals with following elements :
Cross section elements
Sight distance considerations
Horizontal alignment details
Vertical alignment details
Intersection elements
3. Goals of Geometric design :
• Maximize the comfort, safety and economy of facilities.
• Provide efficiency in traffic operation.
• Provide maximum safety at reasonable cost.
• Minimize the environmental impacts.
4. Factors affecting geometric design :
• Design speed.
• Topography.
• Traffic.
• Environmental factors.
• Economical factors.
• Vehicles properties (dimensions, weight, operating characteristics, etc.).
• Humans (the physical, mental and psychological characteristics of the
driver and pedestrians like the reaction time).
6. Alignment decision is important because a bad alignment will enhance the
construction, maintenance and vehicle operating cost. Once an alignment
is fixed and constructed, it is not easy to change it due to increase in cost
of adjoining land and construction of costly structures by the roadside.
9. The Width of pavement way on which vehicles
travel is called carriage way .
10. Road Shoulders :
• Shoulders are provided along the road edge to serve as an emergency lane
for vehicles .
• As per IRC, the min. width of shoulder should be 2.5m.
• Uses :
• Repair of broken down vehicles
• Overtaking operations
• To act as an emergency lane
• For future widening of road
• For temp. diversion of traffic during road repair etc
11. Formation width :
• Formation width is the top width of the highway embankment or the
bottom width of cutting excluding the side drain .
• Formation width = Width of Carr. Way + Width of shoulder
12. Right of way :
• Right of way is the area of land acquired for the land, along its alignment.
• It is the distance between boundary stones of road on either side of road.
13. Side slope :
• The slope of earthwork in Filling(embankment) or cutting is called
sideslope.
14. Berm :
• The distance between the road toe and inner edge of borrow pit is called
berm.
• It prevents the erosion of embankment soil.
15. Side drain :
• For the drainage of rain water, drains are provided on either side of the road
.
• Normally, Side drain are required for road in cutting. For road in
embankment side drain is not necessary.
16. Building line :
• The distance from the centre line of road on either side, within
which construction of building is not permitted is called
building line.
• Purposes :
• For future widening of road
• To reduce the chance of accidents
• To relieve residents from noise pollution
• To prevent disturbance to the traffic by nearby residents
17. Kerbs :
• The boundaries between pavement and shoulders or footpath are known
as kerbs.
20. Camber
• Camber or cross slope is the slope provided to the road surface in
the transverse direction to drain off rain water from the road
surface.
• The rate of camber is usually designated by 1 in n (1 vertical to n
horizontal)
21. CAMBER
• PERCENTAGE OF CAMBER- 2%
• PURPOSE OF CAMBER
A slight downward curve from the middle to the
sides of a surface (such as a road)
22. Purposes of camber :
• To remove the rain water from the pavement surface
as quickly as possible.
• To prevent entry of water into bituminous pavement
layers.
• To prevent entry of surface water into subgrade soil
through pavement.
• To make pavement surface attractive.
23. Super elevation :
• It is the slope across pavement surface and is fully developed in the
circular curve.
(or)
• Super-elevation (banking) is the transverse slope provided at
horizontal curve to counteract the centrifugal force, by raising the
outer edge of the pavement with respect to the inner edge,
throughout the length of the horizontal curve.
• So super elevation helps the vehicle to over come the centrifugal
force on the curves on pavements
• The need for super-elevation on road curves, to ensure safety
against skidding and over turning with the advent of fast moving
traffic.
24. • In the past, roads were constructed without any regard to
super-elevation on curves and had generally a cambered
section for drainage purposes. It was later realised then that a
vehicle moving on a curve had to overcome a centrifugal force
to enable it to follow the curved path instead of a straight line,
but, in justice to the early designers of roads, it must be said
that there was no fast traffic in those days.
25. SIGHT DISTANCE
•Sight distance available from a point is the actual distance
along the road surface, which a driver from a specified height
above the carriageway has visibility of stationary or moving
objects.
OR
•It is the length of road visible ahead to the driver at any
instance.
26.
27. Types of sight distance
•Stopping or absolute minimum sight
distance(SSD)
•Safe Overtaking or passing sight distance (OSD)
•Safe sight distance forentering into
uncontrolled intersection.
•Intermediate sight distance
28. Stopping sight distance:
•The minimum sight distance available on a highway at any
spot should be of sufficient length to stop a vehicle traveling at
design speed, safely without collision with any other
obstruction.
Over taking sight distance:
•The minimum distance open to the vision of the driver of a
vehicle intending to overtake slow vehicle ahead with safety
against the traffic of opposite direction is known as the
minimum overtaking sight distance (OSD) or the safe passing
sight distance.
.
29. Intermediate sight distance:
This is defined as twice the stopping sight distance.
When overtaking sight distance can not be provided,
intermediate sight distance is provided to give
limited overtaking opportunities to fast vehicles.
30. • Stopping Sight Distance
•SSD is the minimum sight distance available on a
highway at any spot having sufficient length to enable
the driver to stop a vehicle traveling at design speed,
safely without collision with any other obstruction.
• It depends on:
•Feature of road ahead
•Height of driver’s eye above the road surface(1.2m)
•Height of the object above the road surface(0.15m
31. • Criteria for measurement
• •(h)
• h
• HIRC
• •H = 1.2m
• •h = 0.15m
• •Height of driver’s eye above road surface (H)
• •Height of object above road surface(h)
32. • ``
Factors affecting the SSD
•Total reaction time of driver
•Speed of vehicle
•Efficiency of brakes
•Frictional resistance between road and tyre
•Gradient of road
Total reaction time of driver:
•It is the time taken from the instant the object is visible to the
driver to the instant the brake is effectively applied, it divide into
types
1.Perception time
2.Brake reaction time