Learning skills theories
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This document discusses several theories relating to learning movement skills: - Connectionist/associationist theories link a stimulus to a response through reinforcement to strengthen the stimulus-response bond stored in long-term memory. - Thorndike's laws of effect, exercise, and readiness state that positive reinforcement is most effective for strengthening bonds, which improve with practice when the learner is capable. - Operant conditioning, based on Skinner's work, also involves strengthening stimulus-response bonds through reinforcement of desired responses shaped through trial and error. - Cognitive learning theory (Gestalt) focuses on the thinking process of perceiving whole tasks based on past experiences and current knowledge and motivation rather than external stimuli. - Bandura's
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This document discusses learning and various theories and principles related to learning. It defines learning as a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience. The key theories discussed are classical conditioning, operant conditioning, cognitive learning, and social learning. Classical conditioning involves associating stimuli with responses, while operant conditioning focuses on behaviors that are reinforced or punished. Cognitive learning emphasizes problem solving and insight. Social learning occurs through observation and imitation of models. Reinforcement and its types - positive and negative reinforcement as well as punishment and extinction - are also explained. Different schedules of reinforcement like fixed interval, variable interval, fixed ratio, and variable ratio are defined.
Module 1_Part A.pdf
This document provides an overview of learning and development. It defines learning as a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience. There are five key principles of learning: participation, repetition, relevance, transference, and feedback. Learning involves four stages - stimulus, response, motivation, and rewards. Different types of learning capabilities are also outlined, including motor skills, attitudes, verbal information, cognitive strategies, and intellectual skills. Organizational learning improves employee satisfaction, retention, productivity and adaptability.
Cognitive theory Insight learning –Gestalt School
Gestalt theory emphasizes that learning involves perceiving situations as organized wholes rather than as collections of parts. Insight learning or Gestalt learning occurs when a learner understands relationships within a problem and suddenly realizes a solution without trial and error. Kohler's experiments with chimpanzees demonstrated insight learning, such as when a chimp used sticks and boxes as tools to reach food. Insight learning relies on cognition rather than behaviorism and involves understanding problems as organized wholes.
Module 1.pptx
This document provides an overview of learning and development. It defines learning as a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience. There are five key features of learning: it involves change, not all changes reflect learning, learning is reflected in behavior, change occurs due to experience/practice, and practice must be reinforced. The importance of organizational learning is that it leads to increased job satisfaction, lower turnover, and greater productivity. Learning capabilities include motor skills, attitudes, verbal information, cognitive strategies, and intellectual skills. Principles of effective learning are participation, repetition, relevance, transference, and feedback. The learning process involves a stimulus, response, motivation, and rewards.
trial and error theory el thorndike. presentation prepare by kanhaiya Dixit r...
1) Edward Thorndike proposed the trial and error theory of learning, which states that learning occurs through repeated trials, errors, and consequences.
2) Thorndike conducted experiments with cats in puzzle boxes to solve problems, with successful responses reinforced by food.
3) Thorndike's laws of learning include the law of effect, exercise, and readiness. The laws emphasize the role of motivation, practice, and mental preparedness in learning.
learningprocess-theoriesprinciplesandcharacteristicslec-1-171008163423.pdf
This document discusses learning theories and principles. It defines learning as a process that results in relatively permanent changes to thinking, feeling and behavior. It describes several important learning theories including:
- Kolb's experiential learning cycle of concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization and active experimentation.
- Thorndike's laws of learning including readiness, exercise and effect.
- Four learning styles - diverger, assimilator, converger and accommodator - based on how people perceive and process information.
- Characteristics of learning such as producing behavioral changes through practice and experience over time.
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The document discusses behaviorist techniques that can be used in classroom management, including contracts, consequences, reinforcement, extinction, modeling, shaping, cueing, and behavior modification. Positive reinforcement is highlighted as a behaviorist technique that can increase desired behaviors by rewarding them. An example is provided of a teacher using positive reinforcement to improve disruptive student behavior in her class by having students help establish new classroom rules and consequences.
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Learning process- Theories, Principles and Characteristics (Lecture-1)-1)
Behaviorism is a learning theory based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. It focuses on observable behaviors and interactions between stimuli and responses. The three major behaviorist learning theories are:
1. Contiguity theory - any stimulus and response connected in time and space will form an association.
2. Classical conditioning - involuntary learned responses, exemplified by Pavlov's dog experiment.
3. Operant conditioning - voluntary behaviors are shaped by consequences like reinforcement and punishment.
Behaviorism was influential in education, emphasizing reinforcement, punishment, and a structured teacher-centered approach, but it was criticized for being too reductionist and not accounting for internal cognitive processes.
teaching meth.pptx
This document outlines various learning theories and principles including:
1. Constructivism theory which argues that learners actively construct new ideas based on prior knowledge and experiences.
2. Experiential learning theory which is based on reflection to correct mistakes, and occurs through concrete experiences, observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation.
3. Adult learning theory which notes that adults learn differently than children by bringing experience and requiring active participation in their learning. Conditions that support learning include motivation, information, practice, feedback, and making the environment conducive.
과제2 iltbook sl
The document provides guidance for volunteers participating in a mentorship program for university students, outlining a pre-training program to introduce volunteers to instructional learning theories like behaviorism and social constructivism that will help them better understand their mentees. The training will take place over 3 days and cover topics like psychological traits of teenagers, Skinner's behaviorism, and Vygotsky's social constructivism. Volunteers will be evaluated and the top 5 mentors will receive a partial tuition reimbursement.
Learning
The presentation is prepared according to the syllabus of Basic BSc nursing given by INC. for the better understanding and knowledge please refer the books. the learning is the information gaining process where the individual interact with the environment and gain knowledge.
Learning
Stimulus-response theories propose that learning occurs through associations between environmental stimuli and behavioral responses. The three main theories are classical conditioning by Pavlov, instrumental conditioning by Thorndike, and operant conditioning by Skinner. Cognitive theories focus on mental processes like memory, problem-solving, and language that influence learning. Social learning theories emphasize that people can learn through observation of and interaction with others. Experimental learning theories propose that experience and reflection are central to learning new skills and concepts.
Spe546 collaborative activity - classroom management theories
This document discusses several theories of classroom management including choice theory by William Glasser, Kohn's student-directed learning, Canter's assertive discipline, Skinner's behavior management theory, positive behavior support, and preventative theories by Carl Rogers, Jacob Kounin, and Harry Wong. It provides an overview of each theory, including key principles and strategies for application in classroom settings. Theories emphasize creating a supportive environment, intrinsic motivation, clear expectations, reinforcement of positive behaviors, and establishing effective procedures and routines to minimize disruptions.
Learning
Dear all,
I'm attaching presentation on learning.
Kindly go through it.
feedback is required.
have a nice day........
Smita Choudhary
Alwar(Raj.)
Learning and organizational reward system
This document summarizes several theories of learning and organizational reward systems. It discusses classical conditioning, operant conditioning, social learning theory, and cognitive learning theory. It also covers concepts like reinforcement, punishment, and schedules of reinforcement. Regarding organizational reward systems, the document defines intrinsic and extrinsic rewards and covers direct pay, indirect pay, and how government policies can influence compensation.
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trial and error theory el thorndike. presentation prepare by kanhaiya Dixit r...
trial and error theory el thorndike. presentation prepare by kanhaiya Dixit r...
learningprocess-theoriesprinciplesandcharacteristicslec-1-171008163423.pdf
learningprocess-theoriesprinciplesandcharacteristicslec-1-171008163423.pdf
Learning process- Theories, Principles and Characteristics (Lecture-1)-1)
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Spe546 collaborative activity - classroom management theories
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Learning skills theories
- 1. Theories relating to learning movement skills
- 2. Connectionist and associationist theories • Depend on linking a stimulus to a response • This S-R bond is stored in the Long Term Memory (LTM) • The connection is strengthened by reinforcement. Positive-verbal praise or tangible reward or Negative
- 3. • Describe the connectionist theory using this example
- 4. • Describe the connectionist theory using this example • The ball is the stimulus. The response is to hit the ball. If successful the response connects with the stimulus and a learning bond is formed. Positive reinforcement may be that she hits it into the right area, or her coach may praise her. Negative reinforcement could be if she hits the net or her coach criticises her.
- 5. Thorndike’s laws • Thorndike put forward three laws relating to the application of reinforcement. • Law of effect. Positive reinforcement is the most effective way to strengthen the learning bond • Law of exercise. The S-R bond is strengthened by practice. • Law of readiness. The learner must be physically and mentally capable of performing the skill to strengthen the S-R bond
- 6. • Our introductory football drill for AS • Discuss how Thorndike’s law can be applied to this drill
- 7. Operant Conditioning • This is based on work by Skinner • This is a connectionist or associationist theory. The learner forms and strengthens a S-R bond. • The teacher will present a stimulus to the performer that replicates the relevant sports situation
- 8. Operant Conditioning • Key points to apply to a sports coaching situation • Manipulating a situation to bring about the desired response • Learning through trial and error • Reinforcing the response • Changing the response- behaviour shaping
- 9. • Design a lesson using the principles of Operant Conditioning to develop putting technique to a low ability Year 7 group
- 10. Cognitive Learning Theory (not to be confused with the cognitive stage of learning) • This concerns the individuals thought process rather than the influence of stimulus response • GESTALT means whole patterning, seeing the skill as a whole • It is a thinking process • Learning may be slower to start with
- 11. Cognitive Learning Theory (not to be confused with the cognitive stage of learning) • Perception. Interpretation or understanding the whole task • Previous experience. Related experiences can help with a new task • Current knowledge. The learner needs an insight as to what is required • Motivation. The learner needs to want to solve the problem • Self-esteem. The learner must have positive self esteem.
- 12. • Not the best picture, but discuss Cognitive theory (Gestalt) using the example of Year 7 boys trying to attempt a neckspring on this box. (obviously taking it well away from the garage doors!!)
- 13. Bandura. Observational learning • We have done this, and this forms part of this chapter. Remember the four elements. Attention, Retention, Motor Reproduction and Motivation. • Examples were juggling, Beckham’s free kicks.
- 14. Reinforcement • This is defined as a process that causes a response or behaviour to reoccur by forming and strengthening the S-R bond • Positive. Show of approval eg ‘well done’. A ‘satisfier’-House point, certificate • Negative. Show of disapproval. Weakens incorrect learning bond. Eg pain when you do a bad dive into the pool. Negative reinforcement is not punishment • Try and think of examples of punishment or an unpleasant stimulus (a noxious stimulus)