Presentation for Management students to understand the basic concept of learning, its theories, cycle and how to understand and change employee undesirable behavior
Organizational Behavior: Learning and its theories
1.
2. Content
Learning- Definition
Features of learning
Learning Cycle
Factors influencing learning
Significance of Learning in OB
Theories of learning
Learning and OB Modification
Steps in Behavior Modification
3. Definitions: Learning is:
“a persisting change in human performance or
performance potential . . . (brought) about as a result
of the learner’s interaction with the environment.
“the relatively permanent change in a person’s
knowledge or behavior due to experience.”
“Learning is a change in behavior as a result of
experience or practice and the acquisition of
knowledge”.
4. Features of Learning
Involves change in behavior
Must be relative permanent; not
temporary
Continuous process
Must be based on some form of practice
or experience
Practice or experience must be
reinforced in order for learning to occur.
Learning involves change either good or
bad.
7. Significance of Learning in
OB
Helps to understand and predict
human behavior at work
Helps to manage diversity
Helps to maintain TQM
Helps to adapt changing
technology
Facilities organizational change
and development
8. Theory of Learning
Behavioristic Theory
◦ Classical conditioning
◦ Operant conditioning
Cognitive Learning
Social Learning
9. Behaviorism Theories
Confined to observable and measurable
behavior
Classical Conditioning – Ivan P.
Pavlov
Operant Conditioning - Skinner
10. Classical conditioning
is defined as a process in which a formerly
neutral stimuli, when paired with an
unconditioned stimulus, becomes a
conditioned stimulus that elicits (leads to) a
conditioned response thus S-R connection is
learnt.
Classical conditioning is based on the
premise that a physical event termed as a
stimulus that initially does not lead to a
particular response gradually acquires the
capacity to lead to that response as a result
of repeated pairing with an unconditioned
stimulus.
This is important in reactions such as fear,
prejudice, taste, aversion.
11.
12. Operant conditioning
is also known as instrumental
conditioning . It is a learning process in
which behavior is sensitive to, or
controlled by its outcomes.
Behavior is a function of its
consequences.
Our behavior process certain
consequences and how we behave in
the future will depend on what those
consequences are.
Operant conditioning emphasizes on
13.
14.
15. Cognitive learning theory
The cognitive theory defines human
behavior as a dynamic, and reciprocal
interaction of personal factors,
behavior, and the environment.
strongly emphasis on one’s cognitions.
It refers to the power and ability of
knowing.
This theory suggests that the mind is an
active force that construct’s one’s
reality is formed by the interaction of
the environment and one’s cognitions.
16. Cognitivism in the Classroom
Inquiry-oriented
projects
Opportunities for
the testing of
hypotheses
Curiosity
encouraged
Staged scaffolding
17. Social Learning Theory (SLT)
Grew out of Cognitivism
Albert Bandura (1973)
This theory states that we learn not just
from first hand experience, but also
from watching others or by hearing
about something.
Such observational learning stresses the
importance of models in our lives.
18. Social Learning Theory
Four interrelated processes establish and
strengthen identification with the model:
1. Children want to be like the model
2. Children believe they are like the
model
3. Children experience emotions like
those the model is feeling.
4. Children act like the model.
19. Social Learning Theory
Through identification, children come to
believe they have the same
characteristics as the model.
When they identify with a nurturant and
competent model, children feel pleased and
proud.
When they identify with an inadequate model,
children feel unhappy and insecure.
20. SLT in the Classroom
Collaborative
learning and group
work
Modeling responses
and expectations
Opportunities to
observe experts in
action
21. Critiques of Social Learning
Theory
Does not take into account individuality,
context, and experience as mediating
factors
Suggests students learn best as passive
receivers of sensory stimuli, as opposed
to being active learners
Emotions and motivation not considered
important or connected to learning
22. Social Constructivism in the
Classroom
Journaling
Experiential
activities
Personal focus
Collaborative &
cooperative
learning
23.
24. Learning and OB Modification
OB Modification is used to understand
the behavior of human being more
effectively and used to improve,
eliminate or modify undesirable behavior
to get organizational effectiveness.
Behavioral modification focus in;
◦ Improving employee productivity,
◦ Reducing absenteeism and lateness,
◦ Reducing accident rates,
◦ Improving employee discipline,
◦ Developing training and development
programs.
◦ Improving industrial relations
25. Steps in Behavior Modification
Identify Critical behavior
Develop Benchmark to identify
desirable and undesirable behavior
Analyze Behavioral consequence
Implement Intervention strategy
Evaluate Performance change