The document discusses solid waste collection and transportation methods as well as landfill systems. It describes various collection services including curb, alley, and backyard collection. It also outlines equipment used for collection such as litter bins, brooms, shovels, community bins, handcarts, and motor vehicles. Methods of transportation to the landfill include trucks, dumpers, compactor vehicles, and auto vehicles. The document then discusses landfill systems including types of landfills, landfill operation methods like area, trench, open pit and canyon methods, and components of landfill design and operation.

2. presentation
SARHAD
UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY, PESHAWAR-PAKISTAN

3. Title:
Solid waste collection or transportation and landfill
 Group members:
 Hikmatullah (SU-19-01-049-014)
 Rasheed Seddiqi (SU-19-01-049-042)
 Sediqullah (SU-19-01-049-060)
 Muhammad Ikram (SU-19-01-049-063)
 Mohammad Rasoul (SU-19-01-049-064)
 Presentted to:
 Engr. Shahab Ahmad

4. Content
 Collection of Solid waste
 System of the collection of Solid waste
 Equipment for collection
 Transportation
 Methods of transportation

5. Collection of Solid waste
 It is the point at which waste is collected with different source point i.e.
commercial , residential , industrial and agriculture waste
 Volume of the solid waste depends on the types of source for the
collection

6. Collection Services For Solid
Wastes
 Municipal Collection Service
 Although a variety of collection services are available the three most common are curb,
alley and backyard collection. Curb collection has gained popularity because labour costs for
collection can be minimized. In the future, it appears that the use of large container which can be
emptied mechanically with an articulated container pickup mechanism will be the most common
method used for the collection of municipal wastes.
 (1) Curb Service: The house owner is responsible for placing the solid waste containers at the
curb on the scheduled day. The workmen come, collect and empty the container and put back at
the curb. The house owner is required to take back the empty containers from the curb to his
house.
 (2) Alley Service: The containers are placed at the alley line from where they are picked up by
workmen from refuse vehicle who deposit back the empty container.

7. Curb Service
Curb Service Curb Service

8. Alley Service

9. Collection Services For Solid Wastes
 (3) Set out Set Back Service: Set out man go to the house collect containers
and empty them in the refuse vehicle. Another group of persons return them to
the house owner’s yard
 Backyard Service: The workers with the vehicles carry a bin, wheel-barrow or
sack or cloth to the yard and empty the solid waste container in it. The wheel
barrow or bin is then taken to solid waste vehicle where it is emptied.

10. Set out Set Back Service

11. Collection frequency
Spatial Location Frequency of solid waste collection
Residential Once a week
Industrial site Once a week
City Centre Daily
Market places Daily
Hospitals Once a week
schools Once a week
Colleges & private institution Once a week

12. Solid waste management

13. Steps in the collection system

14. System of collection of Solid waste
Types of collection systems
 Based on the mode of operation,
collection systems are classified into
two categories
 Haul container system
(HCS)
 Stationary container system
(SCS)

15. Hauled Container Systems
 Collection system in which the containers used for the storage of waste are
hauled to the processing, transfer, or disposal site, emptied, and returned to
either their original location or some other location are defined as hauled-
container system.
 There are two main types of container Tilt-frame Container, and Trash-
Trailer. The collector is responsible for driving the vehicles, loading full container
and unloading empty containers, and emptying the contents of the container at
the disposal site. In some cases, for safety reasons, both a driver and helper are
used.

16. Hauled Container Systems
 Systems that use tilt-frame-loaded vehicles and large containers, often called drop
boxes, are ideally suited for collection of all types of solid wastes and rubbish from
locations where the generation rate warrants the use of large containers. Open-
top containers are used routinely at warehouses and construction sites. Large
Containers used in conjunction with stationary compactors are common at
commercial and industrial services and at transfer stations. Because of the large
volume that can be hauled, the use of tilt-frame hauled container systems has
become widespread, especially among private collectors servicing industrial
accounts.

17. Hauled Container Systems
 The application of trash-trailer is similar to that of tilt-frame container systems.
Trash-trailer are better for the collection of especially heavy rubbish, such as sand,
timber, and metal scrap, and often are used for the collection of demolition wastes
at construction sites

18. Hauled Container system

19. Stationary-Container System (SCS)
 Collection systems in which the containers used for the storage of wastes remain at the
point of waste generation, except when moved for collection are defined as stationary-
container systems. There are two main types of stationary-container system.
1. Those in which self-loading compactors are used and
2. Those in which manual loaded vehicles are used.
 Container size and utilization are not as critical in stationary container systems using
self-loading collection vehicles equipped with a compaction mechanism as they are in
the hauled-container system. Trips to the disposal site, transfer and loading methods is
in the collection of residential wastes and litter. Manual methods are used for the
collection of industrial wastes where pickup points are inaccessible to the collection

20. Stationary container system

21. Equipment for waste collection
 Litter bin
 Broom
 Shovels
 Community bins
 Handcarts
 Motor Vehicle

22. Equipment for waste collection
Litter bins Broom Shovels

23. Community Bins

24. Equipment for waste collection
Handcarts
 Fabricated of MS angle, tee & flats.
 Consist 6 or 8 bins.
 Each of 25 liters Capacity.
 It collects solid waste & transfer it to the
 central collection collectors.
 Minimum size may be 1.01m x 0.7m x 0.25m

25. Equipment for waste collection
Motor Vehicle transport

26. Motor Vehicle Transport
Trucks
 A wide Variety of trucks is used to transport the
solid waste.
 These trucks should be strong, durable, water &
made up of stainless steel with smooth interior.
 While selecting truck to transport, following
points should be considered:
1. Weight of solid waste to be transported
2. Weight of the truck.
3. Ease of loading & unloading.
These are inexpensive, sturdy & easily obtainable
26

27. Motor Vehicle Transport
Dumper
 These are also know as Fore & aft tipper.
 These are useful for handling wet refuse.
 These are suitable for primary collection from main
street using container relay system.
 Maintenance cost of dumper is less. Hence dumpers
are popular.
 It utilizes body capacities of about 12 cubic metre.
27

28. Motor Vehicle Transport
Compactor Vehicle
 It allows waste container to be emptied from all sides
into vehicles
 It needs two persons to operate & are usually
equipped with two cycling lifts that dump into
container.
 These have high initial cost, skilled labours required &
operating cost is more.
 these have hydraulic system with rear loading
arrangement.
 Capacity varies from 5 to 10 cubic meter.
28

29. Motor Vehicle Transport
Auto Vehicles
 These vehicles may be two- wheelers, three-wheelers.
 This is common means of transportation in several
developing countries & is a viable alternative for
waste collection.
 It can be fitted with a high-level tipping body of
about 2 cubic meter capacity.
 It is useful in cities where streets are too narrow to
allow the passage of larger vehicles
 But these vehicles does not operate well on rough,
unpaved roads.
29

30. Thank You

31. LANDFILL SYSTEM
1

32. Topics of
discussion
 Introduction to
landfill
 Types of landfills
 Methods of landfill
 Landfill operation
 Landfill gas
 Leachate
 Landfill liners
 Final and Post
Closure
2

33. LANDFI
LL
 Landfill, is a site for the engineered
disposal of waste materials by burial in
the earth’s crust.
 Most common method.
 Energy efficient process.
 Cost effective process.
3

34. Types of
landfills
Type of waste



Hazardous
landfill
Sanitary
landfills
Open
Dumps
Landfill
operation
3. Aerobic
landfill
4. Anaerobic
landfill
5. Semi
aerobic
landfill
4

35. Landfill
operation5
The gases found in land fills include air,
ammonia Carbon monoxide,hydrogen,
sulfide,methane,nitrogen.
Carbon monoxide and methane are the
principle gases produced from anaerobic
decomposition .
It involves three steps.
• Enzyme mediated transformation
•Bacterial conversion for intermediate
compounds .
•Bacterial conversion of intermediate
compounds to low molecular weight
compounds.

36. Methods of
landfill
 Area method
 Trench method
 Open pit method
 Canyon method.
6

37. Area
metho
d
7
The area method is used when the
terrain is unsuitable for excavation.
The filling operation usually is started by
building an earthen levee against which
wastes are compacted and placed in thin
layers.
At the end of each days operation a
150-300 mm of layer of cover material is
placed over the completed landfill.
A completed lift, including the cover
material is called a cell

38. Trench
method8
The trench method is ideally suited where
there is adequate amount of cover material
available and the groundwater level is well
below the surface.
Where there is artificial or natural
depressions exist those can be effectively
used for trench method.
Canyons ,ravines, dry borrow pits and
quarries can be used for this purpose.

39. Landfill Design &
Operation
Design
Considerations
 Geometry of cell
 Support material
 Leachate
collection
 LFG collection
 Final closure
 Liners
9

40. Landfill Design &
Operation





Operational Considerations
Leachate availability
Leachate recirculation
methods Degree of
automation
Liquids balance
10

41. Steps to be followed for landfill
design
 Establish Design Criteria
 Obtain Data Necessary for Design
 Prepare Preliminary Layouts and
Design
 Prepare Operations and Maintenance
Plan
11

42. Construction of
landfill12
A specific method of filling will
depend on the characteristics of
the site, Such as the amount of
available cover material,
topography, and the local
hydrology.
During construction of landfill
the following must be
determined
Access roads.
Equipment shelters.
Scales if used.
Topsoil stockpiles sites.

43. Landfill
system13

44. Simple landfill
system14

45. Leachate collection
system15
Leachate may be defined as the liquid
that has percolated through solidwaste
and has extracted dissolved or
suspended materials from it.
The rate of seepage of leachate from
the bottom of a landfill is estimated by
Darcys law.
The use of clay has favored in reducing
the leachate percolation .

46. Landfill
gas16
oIn most of the cases as the anaerobic
decomposition of the wastes predominates the
decomposition process the gases obtain are
Carbon dioxide and methane.
oCarbon dioxide as result of its density will
move towards the grounwater which can lower
the pH of the groundwater and increases the
hardness and mineral content in the ground
water.

47. Gas venting
system17
The lateral movement of gases produced
in a landfill Can be controlled by installing
vents made of materials that are more
permeable than surrounding soil.
The spacing of vents depends on width of
waste cells but usually varies from 18 to 60
m.

48. Outlet for Gas venting
system18
Barrier or well vents also can be
used to control the lateral movement
of gases.
Well vents also can be used to
control the lateral movement of gases.
The movement of landfill gases
through adjacent soil formations can
be controlled by constructions of
Barriers that are more impermeable
than soil
Eg; bentonites butyl rubber,illites etc;

49. Liners used in
landfill
 Sand
 Gravel
 Geonet
 Geosynthetic
membranes
20

50. Final cover and post
closure
 The final cover must be 36” thick layer of
clay.
 Boundaries must be well protected.
 Final cover and environmental factors
should be considered.
 Long term usage of landfill i.e. reusage of
landfill.
21

51. View of a
landfill22

52. CONCLUSI
ON
Effective design of landfill must
aim at
 Public health and safety
 Long term workability of landfill
 Control of pests,birds,etc.
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53. 2
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