Lambda phage is a bacteriophage that infects E. coli bacteria. It has two life cycles: a lytic cycle and a lysogenic cycle. In the lytic cycle, the phage genome is transferred into the bacterial cell where it replicates and causes the bacterial cell to burst, releasing new phage particles. In the lysogenic cycle, the phage genome integrates into the bacterial chromosome and replicates with the host DNA without killing the cell. The phage can switch between these two cycles depending on environmental conditions inside the infected bacterial cell.
Definition - Rolling circle replication is a process of unidirectional nucleic acid replication.
* can rapidly synthesize multiple copies of circular molecules of DNA or RNA, such as plasmids.
* Eucaryotic also replicate.
* widely used in molecular biology & biomedical
nanotechnology, especially in the field of
biosensing (as a method of signal Amplification).
Steps:
Circular ds DNA will be “nicked”
3` end is elongated →Leading strand
5` end displaced → Lagging strand
made up of double stranded by OKAZAKI fragments.
4) Replication of both “ unnicked” and displaced ss DNA
5) Displaced DNA circulates and synthesis its own complementary strand.
Initation-- phosphate ends, by the action of:
a) Helicase
b) Topoisomerases
c) Single stranded binding proteins(SSBPs)
Elongation-OH group of broken strand, using the unbroken strand as a template. The polymerase will start to move in a circle for elongation, due to which it is named as Rolling Circle Model.
end will be displaced and will grow out like a waving thread.
Termination-* At the point of termination, the linear DNA molecule is cleaved from the circle resulting in a double stranded circular DNA molecule and a single- stranded linear DNA molecule.
* The linear single stranded molecule is circularized by the action of ligase and then replication to double stranded circular plasmid molecule.
Example- Conjugation of F+ and F- bacteria
Diagrammatic representation of Rolling circle
some Examples-Viral DNA
* Human herpes virus
* Human papilloma virus
* Geminivirus
Viral RNA
* pospiviridiae
* Avsunviridiae
Reference:- https://en. m. wikipedia.org
what- when- how.com
https//www.sciencedirect.com
www.slideshare.com
Genetics-notes.wikispace.com
you tube
Prescott 5th edition page.no: 236, 237
Brock biology of microorganism , page.no: 253,616
BAC & YAC are artificially prepared chromosomes to clone DNA sequences.yeast artificial chromosome is capable of carrying upto 1000 kbp of inserted DNA sequence
Definition - Rolling circle replication is a process of unidirectional nucleic acid replication.
* can rapidly synthesize multiple copies of circular molecules of DNA or RNA, such as plasmids.
* Eucaryotic also replicate.
* widely used in molecular biology & biomedical
nanotechnology, especially in the field of
biosensing (as a method of signal Amplification).
Steps:
Circular ds DNA will be “nicked”
3` end is elongated →Leading strand
5` end displaced → Lagging strand
made up of double stranded by OKAZAKI fragments.
4) Replication of both “ unnicked” and displaced ss DNA
5) Displaced DNA circulates and synthesis its own complementary strand.
Initation-- phosphate ends, by the action of:
a) Helicase
b) Topoisomerases
c) Single stranded binding proteins(SSBPs)
Elongation-OH group of broken strand, using the unbroken strand as a template. The polymerase will start to move in a circle for elongation, due to which it is named as Rolling Circle Model.
end will be displaced and will grow out like a waving thread.
Termination-* At the point of termination, the linear DNA molecule is cleaved from the circle resulting in a double stranded circular DNA molecule and a single- stranded linear DNA molecule.
* The linear single stranded molecule is circularized by the action of ligase and then replication to double stranded circular plasmid molecule.
Example- Conjugation of F+ and F- bacteria
Diagrammatic representation of Rolling circle
some Examples-Viral DNA
* Human herpes virus
* Human papilloma virus
* Geminivirus
Viral RNA
* pospiviridiae
* Avsunviridiae
Reference:- https://en. m. wikipedia.org
what- when- how.com
https//www.sciencedirect.com
www.slideshare.com
Genetics-notes.wikispace.com
you tube
Prescott 5th edition page.no: 236, 237
Brock biology of microorganism , page.no: 253,616
BAC & YAC are artificially prepared chromosomes to clone DNA sequences.yeast artificial chromosome is capable of carrying upto 1000 kbp of inserted DNA sequence
MBB 501 PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
INFORMATION ABOUT DIFFERENT DNA MODIFYING ENZYMES
WHAT IS AN ENZYME?
Alkaline Phosphatase
Polynucleotide kinase
Terminal deoxyneucleotidyl transferase
Nucleases
Exonuclease
Bal31 Exonuclease III
Endonuclease
S1 endonulease
Deoxyribonuclease 1 (Dnase 1)
RNase A
RNase H
Restriction Endonuclease
PvuI
PvuII
Different types of endonuclease enzymes
The recognition sequences for some of the most frequently used restriction endonucleases.
Categorization of enzymes
Isoschizomers
Neoschizomers
Isocaudomers
Bacteriophage vectors
Bacteriophage
WHY BACTERIOPHAGE AS A VECTOR?
M13 phage
Genome of m13 phage
Life cycle and dna replication of m13
CONSTRUCTION M13 AS PHAGE VECTOR
M13 MP 2 vector
M13MP7 VECTOR
Selection of recombinants
Lambda replacement vectors
LAMBDA EMBL 4 VECTOR
P1 PHAGE
GENOME OF P1 PHAGE
P1 PHAGE AS VECTOR
P1 phage vector system
Ribotyping
Introduction
History
Ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA
Principle of ribotyping
16S rRNA
Procedure of ribotyping
Types of ribotyping
Use of ribotyping
Advantage and disadvantage of ribotyping
Reference
Slides for a short presentation I gave on AWS Lambda, which "lets you run code without provisioning or managing servers". Lambda is to running code as Amazon S3 is to storing objects.
MBB 501 PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
INFORMATION ABOUT DIFFERENT DNA MODIFYING ENZYMES
WHAT IS AN ENZYME?
Alkaline Phosphatase
Polynucleotide kinase
Terminal deoxyneucleotidyl transferase
Nucleases
Exonuclease
Bal31 Exonuclease III
Endonuclease
S1 endonulease
Deoxyribonuclease 1 (Dnase 1)
RNase A
RNase H
Restriction Endonuclease
PvuI
PvuII
Different types of endonuclease enzymes
The recognition sequences for some of the most frequently used restriction endonucleases.
Categorization of enzymes
Isoschizomers
Neoschizomers
Isocaudomers
Bacteriophage vectors
Bacteriophage
WHY BACTERIOPHAGE AS A VECTOR?
M13 phage
Genome of m13 phage
Life cycle and dna replication of m13
CONSTRUCTION M13 AS PHAGE VECTOR
M13 MP 2 vector
M13MP7 VECTOR
Selection of recombinants
Lambda replacement vectors
LAMBDA EMBL 4 VECTOR
P1 PHAGE
GENOME OF P1 PHAGE
P1 PHAGE AS VECTOR
P1 phage vector system
Ribotyping
Introduction
History
Ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA
Principle of ribotyping
16S rRNA
Procedure of ribotyping
Types of ribotyping
Use of ribotyping
Advantage and disadvantage of ribotyping
Reference
Slides for a short presentation I gave on AWS Lambda, which "lets you run code without provisioning or managing servers". Lambda is to running code as Amazon S3 is to storing objects.
Ribotyping is a molecular technique for bacterial identification that uses information from rRNA-based phylogenetic analyses. It is rapid and specific method widely used in clinical diagnostics and analysis of microbial communities in food, water, and beverages.
introduction of bacteriophage , discovery, morphology, structure and life cycle of bacteriophage,
imp. of bacteriophage and other briefly define lytic and lysogenic cycle.
Viruses that infect bacteria.
Occur widely in nature in close association with bacteria.
Readily isolated from faeces, sewage and other natural sources.
Tadpole shaped, with hexagonal head and a cylindrical tail.
Head consists of a tightly packed core of ds DNA surrounded by a protein coat or capsid.
The tail composed of a contractile sheath surrounding the hollow core
Terminal base plate having prongs or tail fibres attached.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
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• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
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Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
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The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
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Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
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Charlie Greenberg, Host
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Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
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Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
1. Life cycle of λ phage
Presented by:
Minhaz Ahmed
BBI11014
Integrated M.Sc 3rd
semester,MBBT,
Tezpur University, Assam
2. CONTENTS
Introduction
How genome is transferred
Lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle
Life cycle
Lytic or lysogenic?
3. What is lambda phage?
It is a bacterial virus, or
bacteriophage , that infects the
bacterial species Escherichia coli.
This virus is a temperate phage.
Temperate phages are basically
bacteriophages which can choose
between a lytic and lysogenic
pathway of development.
SOURCE:classes.midlandstech.edu
4. The viral DNA exists as
a separate molecule
within the bacterial cell.
Replicates separately
from the host bacterial
DNA.
Viral DNA integrates
with bacterial DNA.
Replicates with the
host DNA
5. How it penetrates:
It binds to the target E. coli cell, via J protein in the tail
tip that interacts with the maltoporin of E. coli and
injects its linear genome.
TAIL FIBRE
TAIL
HEAD
1
DNA
COLLAR
BASE PLATE
DNA of E. coli
MALTOPORIN in E. coli
2
E. coli
7. Lytic or lysogenic?
1.lytic life cycle:
occurs in cells with sufficient nutrients, protease
activity is high, which breaks down cII.
2.Lysogenic life cycle:
In cells with limited nutrients, protease activity is
low, making cII stable.
Computer modeling and simulation suggest that random processes
during infection drive the selection of lysis or lysogeny within individual
cells.
However, recent experiments suggest that physical differences
among cells, that exist prior to infection, predetermine whether a cell
will lyse or become a lysogen.