Climate: Kyoto Protocol - Introduction

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An overview of the key stats, and the issues behind the soon to expire protocol. There are more detailed discussions on the blog and for you to read about as part of you own research. You should also form an opinion on the effectiveness of the protocol and subsequent COP's especially the COP15 at Copenhagan and the associated Copenhagan Accord

Kyoto Protocol Original agreement and updates

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To combat these changes globally, Kyoto Protocol was created and has been agreed upon by 170 countries so far, committing themselves to reduce Green House Gas Emissions and improve Energy Efficiency. • The Kyoto Protocol envisages reduction of Green House Gases by 5.2% in the period 2008-12. • New System of Carbon Credits is Introduced in the texts of Kyoto Protocol is being formalised to bring more awareness in Industries to reduce their annual carbon emission by awarding monetary value to reduced emission taking us towards eco-friendly future •Through this Presentation we are going to bring into focus these two main International steps on combating the new evil “Global Warming”.

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An Inconvenient Truth/AIT - Kyoto Treaty.pdf THe BiG Six United States • The treaty called for 55% global reduction of carbon dioxide, based on 1990 levels. • The United States is responsible for more than one-third (36%) of the entire world’s CO2 emissions – far more than any other country. • As one of the original signatories of the Kyoto treaty, the United States agreed to reduce emissions by 6% from its 1990 levels. • In 2001 President George W. Bush refused to ratify the treaty, citing these reasons: o The US economy could suffer an estimated $400 billion in losses as a result of emissions restrictions on industry and transportation, and the US could lose almost 5 million jobs. o Many developing nations that have extremely high emissions are not bound by the emissions limits set in the treaty. • Since pulling out of the treaty, U.S. emissions have increased 15% above 1990 levels—21% above our initial objective. • However, several recent events may foreshadow a change in the US position: o America’s unique political structure gives each of the 50 states the autonomy to legislate Kyoto-like reforms on their own. Environmental leaders in some states are already promoting legislation that supports the objectives of the Kyoto Treaty. o The California Air Resources Board has set tough emissions standards and is well known for its strict emissions regulations. o The Chicago Climate Exchange is a group of North American municipalities, companies and organizations that have agreed to reduce their emissions over the next several years. o Massachusetts, New York, and New Hampshire are creating emission reduction and trading systems. • The recent 2006 elections have placed many in office who are sympathetic to environmental and global warming issues. This may lead to revisions in the US position on Kyoto. Reproducible # 1 - page 1 Six Countries and Their Positions on the Kyoto Treaty THe LeGAL PrOCeSS LeADiNG TO THe KyOTO PrOTOCOLS 1988 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change established. Environmental concerns growing. UN General Assembly held first debate on climate change; adopted 43/53 on the “Protection of the global climate for present and future generations of mankind (IPCC).” 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) opened for signing at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. Also referred to as the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). 1994 Convention came into force March 21. 186 governments are party to the convention; it is close to achieving universal membership. 1995 In March and April, the Berlin Conference of the Parties (COP) sought to determine the commitments required by industrialized countries. 1997 These talks led to the Kyoto Protocol being adopted on December 11. 87 countries signed the Protocol. 1998 Talks to determine the Protocol’s rulebook were discussed in November in Buenos Aires and later in Bonn .

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