This is a presentation about climate change and its geopolitics ambit.

1. Climate Change Diplomacy: A
Revolutionary Geopolitical Move
to Save the Earth/Environment

2. Climate change is a long-term change in the average
weather patterns that have come to define Earth’s local,
regional and global climates.
Global warming is the long-term heating of Earth’s climate system observed
since the pre-industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human
activities, primarily fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping
greenhouse gas levels in Earth’s atmosphere. The term is frequently used
interchangeably with the term climate change, though the latter refers to
both human- and naturally produced warming and the effects it has on our
planet. It is most commonly measured as the average increase in Earth’s
global surface temperature.

3. Questions
● I. What are the approaches employed by
countries to comply with the U.N. Framework
Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto
Protocol?

4. Copenhagen’s streets; the gov’t even
pays people who go to work on bike
● The Sweden sustainable
economy framework

5. In Norway
● In Rwanda

6. ● Singapore’s Buildings are green

7. New
Zealand
The air in this nation is among the cleanest on the planet. The populace is not
open to unsafe fine-particle air pollution levels. The country’s land and marine
area is sustained, the topmost state in doing the best to safeguard the
environment.
United
Kingdom
Its climate ambitions have not wavered. The country approved a measure
requiring the emissions to reach net-zero in the next three decades—making it
the first nation with a legally binding commitment to do so.
Finland The WHO claims that Finland has the world’s best air quality, and Helsinki is
one of the cleanest capital cities on Earth. A personalized public
transportation system also helps eliminate the need for personal automobiles.

9. ● II. What are the violations by countries that
were sanctioned by the UN in relation to
the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate
Change?

10. ● According to Worldometer, the top 10 countries with the
highest carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emissions are: China,
United States, India, Russia, Japan, Germany, Canada,
Iran, South Korea and Indonesia.
● The Philippines is number 36 and Greenland is at the
bottom of the list.
● The major contributories to CO2 emissions are power
industry, industrial processes, transportation, non-
combustion and buildings.

11. ● The Convention contains only the inexplicit commitments
regarding stabilization and no assurance at all on
reductions. It fails to cover inventive schemes to establish
a financial and technology clearinghouse or to use market
mechanisms such as tradeable emissions rights.
Furthermore, it focused on the obligations of developing
countries, but gives distinctive consideration to fossil-
fuel producing states.

12. ● UNFCCC Articles 13 and 14 do not
contemplate or provide for binding
punitive sanctions as a modality for
addressing non-compliance.
● Likewise, non-compliance issues were not
properly addressed in the Kyoto Protocol.

13. ● Greece was declared to be non-compliant of its obligation
in 2008, and was not eligible to participate in the (trading)
mechanisms.
● If some countries fail to fulfill their Kyoto targets and
must face punitive consequences can entail
considerable costs for other countries. (Punishing a
non-compliant country can entail considerable costs
for complying countries.)

14. ● III. This year 2021, how far is the
achievement of the objectives of the
convention?

15. There has been a positive outcome as there are evidences of
low-carbon emissions.
Economic sectors have become more competitive in zero-
carbon solutions.
The global emissions were on progression to push
temperatures up by 3.5°C by 2100, but now that trajectory is
going down to 2.9°C.
The global health situation has caused a short-term drop in
climate pollution as economies paused and people avoided
travel and worked from home. Emissions fell by about 7%.

16. Conclusion
The legal duty of all states is to cooperate to
ensure that the general legal obligations of states
have been undertaken under international climate
change law and that the principles of differentiated
responsibilities and respective capabilities are
fully respected.

17. Resolving climate change thus entails international collaboration
and to some extent, the application of international law.