The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992.(these slides were made as a part of class work)

1. Kyoto Protocol

2. ● Md. Abdullah Al Mamun
● Md. Abul Kalam Azad
● Md. Shoaib-Bin-Habib
● Shuvra Deb Halder
● Raisa Hossain Eshna
● Md Ahsanul Haque
● Sheikh Sabbir Hossain
● Shifat Alam
● Shubvo Kumar
● Mustaq Ahmed
● Md Shoaib Hossain
Team members

3. TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Introduction
Background
01
03
02
04
05
06
Objective
Preamble,Articles
Case References
Conclusion

4. Introduction
The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement that aimed to reduce Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
emissions and the presence of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere.
The essential tenet of the Kyoto Protocol was that industrialized nations needed to lessen the
amount of their emissions

5. Background &
Objective
• The Kyoto Protocol was adopted on 11 December 1997. Owing to a complex ratification process, it
entered into force on 16 February 2005. Currently, there are 192 Parties to the Kyoto Protocol.
• In short, the Kyoto Protocol operationalizes the UNFCC by committing industrialized countries and
economies in transition to limit and reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in accordance
with agreed individual targets.
• The Convention itself only asks those countries to adopt policies and measures on mitigation and
to report periodically.

6. Article 1
Definitions
 Convention” means the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, adopted in New
York on 9 May 1992.
 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change” means the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
established in 1988 jointly by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations
Environment Programme.
 Montreal Protocol” means the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer,
adopted in Montreal on 16 September 1987 and as subsequently adjusted and amended.
 Party included in Annex I” means a Party included in Annex I to the Convention, as may be amended,
or a Party which has made a notification under Article 4, paragraph 2 (g), of the Convention.

7. Article 2
The main goal of the Kyoto Protocol is to control emissions of the main anthropogenic human-emitted greenhouse gases
(GHGs) in ways that reflect underlying national differences in GHG emissions, wealth,
• Each Annex I Party must undertake domestic policies and measures to reduce GHG emissions and to enhance removals
by sinks.
• In implementing these policies and measures, each Annex I Party must strive to minimize any adverse impact of these
policies and measures on other Parties, particularly developing country Parties;
• Annex I Parties must provide additional financial resources
to advance the implementation of commitments by developing countries;

8. The improvement
of methodologies and
data for GHG
inventories
Both Annex I and non-Annex I Parties must cooperate in the
areas of:
Education,
training, and public
awareness of
climate change
The development,
application and
diffusion of climate
friendly
technologies
Research on and
systematic
observation of the
climate system

9. It’s a gas giant and
the biggest planet in
our Solar System
Saturn is a gas giant,
composed of
hydrogen and helium
ANNEX A and B

10. 3.Aerifiable changes in
carbon stocks in each
commitment period
4. An estimate to be made of
its changes in carbon
stocks in subsequent years
1. Ensuring aggregate
anthropogenic carbon
dioxide
2.Achieving commitments
under this Protocol
Article 3
7. Aggregate anthropogenic
carbon dioxide equivalent
emissions
5. Transition to a market
economy
6. A certain degree of
flexibility

11. Effect or affect of
alteration in the
composition
04
03 commitment period
02 Notify the secretariat
Article 4
01
Parties deemed to have
met those commitments
agreed to be fulfilled

12. 06
Responsibility for level
of emissions
Article 4
05 failure by the Parties

13. The Kyoto Protocol’s effectiveness depends upon two critical factors: whether Parties
included in Annex I follow the Protocol’s rulebook and comply with their
commitments; and whether the emissions data used to assess compliance are
reliable.
Articles 5, 7 and 8 of the Kyoto Protocol address reporting and review of information by
Parties included in Annex I, as well as national systems and methodologies for the
preparation of greenhouse gas inventories.

14. Article 5
Article 5 commits Parties included in Annex I to having in place, no later than 2007
national systems for the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions by sources and
removals by sinks. It also states that, where agreed methodologies decisions are
not used to estimate emissions and removals, appropriate "adjustments" should be
applied.

15. Article 6
Any such project has the
approval of the Parties
involved
The acquisition of emission
reduction units shall be
supplemental to domestic
actions for the purposes of
meeting commitments
Further elaborate guidelines for the implementation of this
Article, including for verification and reporting
For the purpose of meeting its commitments under Article 3 any other such Party
emission reduction units resulting from projects aimed at reducing anthropogenic
emissions by sources or enhancing anthropogenic removals by sinks of
greenhouse gases in any sector of the economy

16. ARTICLE 7
1. Annual
Inventory
of
Anthropog
enic
Emissions
2. National
Communicat
ion
3.
Submission
of
Informatio
n
4.
Conference
of the
Parties
Reporting Information

17. ARTICLE 8
1. Expert
Review
2. Co-
ordination
and
Compositio
n of
Experts
3. Review
Process
4. Meeting
of the
Parties
5.
Assistanc
e to the
Conferenc
e
6.
Decisions
Review of Information

18. Parties take
appropriate action
based on review
Article 9
Reviews shall take
place at regular
intervals and in a
timely manner
Parties shall
periodically review this
Protocol in the light of
the best available
scientific information.
Reviews shall be
coordinated with
pertinent reviews
under the Convention
Review this protocol

19. Article 10
Regional co-operation on climate change
Formulate, implement, publish and regularly update national and, where appropriate, regional
programs containing measures to mitigate climate change and measures to facilitate
adequate adaptation to climate change:
• Such programs concern the energy, transport and industry sectors as well as agriculture, forestry
and waste management.
• Adaptation technologies and methods for improving spatial planning that would improve adaptation
to climate change.
• Parties addressing the greenhouse gas emission and its adverse impact on climate change and
enhancement of its removal procedure.

20. International co-operation on climate change
Development,
application and
diffusion of
climate friendly
technologies.
Research on and
systematic
observation of
the climate
system
Education,
training, and
public awareness
of climate change
The
improvements of
the
methodologies
and data for GHS
inventories

21. Mutual Assistance Among Parties
To implement some
articles the developed
countries provide mutual
assistance to
developing countries
Providing additional
financial resource
transfer of
technology, needed
by the developing
country Parties to
meet the agreed full
incremental costs
Article 11

22. Article 12
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM ) is the only Flexibility
Mechanism that involves developing countries
Designed to provide developed countries with flexibility to meet
GHG emission reduction targets that they agreed to achieve
under the Protocol
Developed countries may finance GHG emission reducing
(avoiding) projects undertaken in developing countries and
receive credits to help them to meet their mandatory limits
Assist developing countries who host CDM projects to achieve
sustainable development

23. Article 13
The Conference of the Parties, the supreme body of the Convention,
shall serve as the
meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. Parties to the Convention
that are not Parties to this Protocol may participate as observers
in the proceedings of any session of the Conference of the Parties
serving as the meeting of the
Parties to this Protocol. The Conference of the Parties serving as the
meeting of the Parties to this Protocol
shall keep under regular review the implementation of this Protocol.

24. Article 14
The secretariat
established by
Article 8 of the
Convention
shall serve as
the secretariat
of this
Protocol.
The
Secretariat
shall apply
mutatis
mutandis to
this Protocol

25. Article 15
The Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the
Subsidiary Body
for Implementation established by Articles 9 and 10 of the
Convention shall serve as,
respectively, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological
Advice and the Subsidiary
Body for Implementation of this Protocol.

26. Article 16
The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall,
as soon as practicable, consider the application to this Protocol of, and modify as
appropriate,
the multilateral consultative process referred to in Article 13 of the Convention, in the light
of
any relevant decisions that may be taken by the Conference of the Parties. Any multilateral
consultative process that may be applied to this Protocol shall operate without prejudice to
the
procedures and mechanisms established in accordance with Article 18.

27. Article 18
In its first session, the parties to this protocol shall approve
appropriate and effective procedures and mechanisms.
Any procedures and mechanisms under this Article
entailing binding consequences shall be adopted by means
of an amendment to this Protocol.
Article 19
The provisions of Article 14 of the
Convention on settlement of disputes shall
apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol.
Article 17
The Parties shall set the relevant
principles, modalities, rules and
guidelines, in particular for verification,
reporting and accountability for
emissions trading in the Conference.

28. Article 20
Amendment procedure:
• Any Party may propose amendments to this Protocol.
• Amendments to this Protocol shall be adopted at an ordinary session and communicated by the
secretariat at least six months before the session.
• The Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement on any proposed amendment to this
Protocol by consensus.
• If they failed to reach agreement, the amendment shall be adopted by a three-fourth majority vote
of the parties present at the session.
• The adopted amendment shall be communicated by the secretariat to the Depositary, who shall
circulate it to all Parties for their acceptance.
• The adopted amendment shall enter into force for those Parties having accepted it on the ninetieth
day after the date of receipt by the depositary at least three-fourths acceptance of the parties.

29. Article 21
Annex and its amendment procedure:
• Annexes to this Protocol shall form an integral part.
• Any annexes adopted after the entry into force of this Protocol shall be
restricted to lists, forms and any other material of a descriptive nature that
is of a scientific, technical, procedural or administrative character.
• The annex shall enter into force for all Parties to this Protocol six months
after the date of the communication by the Depositary except for those
Parties that have notified the Depositary, in writing of their non-acceptance.

30. right to vote of the
integration
organisations
22
Rectification,
acceptance or
approval of the
protocol
24
Enforcement of the
protocol25
Depositary of the
protocol23
Article

31. ARTICLE 26
No reservations may be made to this Protocol.
ARTICLE 27
According to this article at any time after three years from the date on which this
Protocol has entered into force for a party, that Party may withdraw from this
Protocol by giving written notification to the Depositary.
Any such withdrawal shall take effect upon expiry of one year from the date of
receipt by the Depositary of the notification of withdrawal, or on such later date
as may be specified in the notification of withdrawal.
Any Party that withdraws from the Convention shall be considered as also having
withdrawn from this Protocol.

32. Article 28
The original of this Protocol, of which the
Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian
and Spanish texts are equally authentic,
shall be deposited with the Secretary-
General of the United Nations.

33. Case Reference
Carballo et al. v. MSU S.A., UGEN S.A., & General Electric
In this case: Plaintiffs sought to block thermoelectric plant .The petition seeks to block the plant on the
ground that the environmental assessment of the plant was flawed, and the plant is inconsistent with
international climate agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement because it will use
fossil fuels.
CANADA Government Vs. implementation committee of Kyoto Protocol
Canada’s failure to establish a national registry in accordance with the guidelines and modalities. The
question of implementation arises in relation to guidelines for the preparation of the information required
under Article 7 of the Kyoto Protocol, the modalities for accounting of assigned amounts under Article 7,
para 4 of the Kyoto Protocol, and the requirements of the technical standards for data exchange between
registry systems. Canada had not established a national registry.

34. Conclusion
The Kyoto Protocol can be considered as an important first step toward a really worldwide emission
reduction system that will stabilize GHG emissions and can provide the architecture for the
future international agreement on climate change. In order to meet the objectives of the
Protocol, Parties are required to prepare policies and measures for the reduction of greenhouse
gases in their respective countries. In addition, they are required to increase the absorption of
these gases and utilize all mechanisms available, such as joint implementation, the clean
development mechanism and emissions trading. Recognizing that developed countries are
principally responsible for the current high levels of GHG emissions in the atmosphere as a
result of more than 150 years of industrial activity, this Protocol places a heavier burden on
developed nations under the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities.

35. Thank You