Kyle Coble - The Importance Of Implementing A By-Product Withdraw Strategy Prior To Slaughter In Finishing Pigs: A Review Of Strategies That Mitigate The Negative Impact On Carcass Yield
This document reviews strategies to mitigate negative impacts on carcass yield from feeding by-product diets high in fiber to finishing pigs. It discusses how increased fiber from ingredients like DDGS reduces carcass yield by increasing gut fill. Several strategies are examined, including adding fat, ractopamine, or changing feed form, but none fully overcome the yield reduction from high fiber diets. The key strategy shown to restore yield is withdrawing pigs from high fiber diets to a corn-soybean meal diet prior to slaughter, with withdrawal periods of 10-20 days before market found to maximize growth performance and carcass yield. A university study validating this commercial field study approach is summarized.
Novum wheat is a hybrid wheat species bred for animal feeding that can replace imported soy in animal feed rations. A feeding trial found that replacing 50% of feed with Novum wheat produced similar growth results as a standard maize-soy diet, with lower feed intake and potential cost savings of $8.50 per animal. Novum wheat had higher protein and energy content than regular wheat varieties. The results suggest Novum wheat is a viable alternative feed grain that could support local feed production and reduce reliance on soy imports.
1. Proper ration formulation for dairy animals is important to optimize their milk production, reproduction and health. Rations should meet the animals' nutrient needs during different stages and account for factors like milk yield, body weight and forage quality.
2. Balanced rations can improve digestibility, increase milk yield and fat-corrected milk, enhance feed efficiency and reduce production costs. Special care is needed when formulating rations for high producing animals and those in transition periods.
3. Feeding calves requires proper colostrum and liquid feeding initially, followed by transition to solid feed like calf starter to support growth and rumen development. A structured feeding schedule tailored to the calf's age and needs optimizes its
Distillers grains feeding recommendations for poultryMuhammad Eko
This document summarizes research on the use of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in poultry diets. Key points include:
- DDGS can be included at levels up to 10% for broilers, 15% for turkeys and layers, providing protein, energy and phosphorus. Higher levels may be used with proper diet formulation.
- DDGS has a metabolizable energy value of at least 1250 kcal/lb and digestible lysine content as high as 83%. It contributes pigmentation to eggs and meat.
- Research shows DDGS can replace up to 40% of soybean meal protein if amino acids are adjusted. Body weight and feed conversion are not affected
Animal nutrition approaches for profitable livestock operations and sustainab...ILRI
Presented by Blümmel, M.1, Garg, M.R.,2 Jones, C.1, Baltenweck, I.1 and Staal, S. at the Indian Animal Nutrition Association XI Biennial Conference, Patna, India, 19-21 November 2018
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the feed intake and carcass characteristics of Bunaji bulls fed diets containing varying levels of raw or parboiled rice offal. Twenty bulls were assigned to one of five dietary treatments containing either 0%, 20%, or 30% raw or parboiled rice offal and fed for 90 days. Carcass evaluation of 15 bulls showed some carcass characteristics like legs, spleen, empty stomach, empty intestine, fat deposits varied significantly depending on the type of rice offal, with parboiled generally higher. Inclusion level of rice offal also significantly affected some carcass traits like dressing percentage and fat levels. The study concluded diets with 30% raw or par
Can proteases play a role in enteric health- Langhout, P. Presentation for Workshop 4, at the Feed Proteases and enzyme presentation, The Netherlands, 2014
Protein/amino acids are among the most expensive nutrients to deliver in poultry nutrition
The digestibility of protein in poultry is typically incomplete by the terminal ileum
Undigested protein that leaves the ileum is from both exogenous (diet) and endogenous (bird) sources
Understanding the digestion of dietary proteins and the recovery of endogenous proteins is important and can provide a basis for the use of exogenous proteases
Novum wheat is a hybrid wheat species bred for animal feeding that can replace imported soy in animal feed rations. A feeding trial found that replacing 50% of feed with Novum wheat produced similar growth results as a standard maize-soy diet, with lower feed intake and potential cost savings of $8.50 per animal. Novum wheat had higher protein and energy content than regular wheat varieties. The results suggest Novum wheat is a viable alternative feed grain that could support local feed production and reduce reliance on soy imports.
1. Proper ration formulation for dairy animals is important to optimize their milk production, reproduction and health. Rations should meet the animals' nutrient needs during different stages and account for factors like milk yield, body weight and forage quality.
2. Balanced rations can improve digestibility, increase milk yield and fat-corrected milk, enhance feed efficiency and reduce production costs. Special care is needed when formulating rations for high producing animals and those in transition periods.
3. Feeding calves requires proper colostrum and liquid feeding initially, followed by transition to solid feed like calf starter to support growth and rumen development. A structured feeding schedule tailored to the calf's age and needs optimizes its
Distillers grains feeding recommendations for poultryMuhammad Eko
This document summarizes research on the use of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in poultry diets. Key points include:
- DDGS can be included at levels up to 10% for broilers, 15% for turkeys and layers, providing protein, energy and phosphorus. Higher levels may be used with proper diet formulation.
- DDGS has a metabolizable energy value of at least 1250 kcal/lb and digestible lysine content as high as 83%. It contributes pigmentation to eggs and meat.
- Research shows DDGS can replace up to 40% of soybean meal protein if amino acids are adjusted. Body weight and feed conversion are not affected
Animal nutrition approaches for profitable livestock operations and sustainab...ILRI
Presented by Blümmel, M.1, Garg, M.R.,2 Jones, C.1, Baltenweck, I.1 and Staal, S. at the Indian Animal Nutrition Association XI Biennial Conference, Patna, India, 19-21 November 2018
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the feed intake and carcass characteristics of Bunaji bulls fed diets containing varying levels of raw or parboiled rice offal. Twenty bulls were assigned to one of five dietary treatments containing either 0%, 20%, or 30% raw or parboiled rice offal and fed for 90 days. Carcass evaluation of 15 bulls showed some carcass characteristics like legs, spleen, empty stomach, empty intestine, fat deposits varied significantly depending on the type of rice offal, with parboiled generally higher. Inclusion level of rice offal also significantly affected some carcass traits like dressing percentage and fat levels. The study concluded diets with 30% raw or par
Can proteases play a role in enteric health- Langhout, P. Presentation for Workshop 4, at the Feed Proteases and enzyme presentation, The Netherlands, 2014
Protein/amino acids are among the most expensive nutrients to deliver in poultry nutrition
The digestibility of protein in poultry is typically incomplete by the terminal ileum
Undigested protein that leaves the ileum is from both exogenous (diet) and endogenous (bird) sources
Understanding the digestion of dietary proteins and the recovery of endogenous proteins is important and can provide a basis for the use of exogenous proteases
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing broiler diets with 300 ppm of CRINA® Poultry Plus on performance. 400 broilers were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 300 ppm of CRINA® Poultry Plus. Results showed that broilers fed the supplemented diet had a 2.2% higher final body weight and 2.6% improvement in feed conversion ratio compared to the control group. The addition of CRINA® Poultry Plus resulted in better broiler performance and a return on investment of 10:1.
current trends in research on grain processing technologies SureshRamalingam12
1) The document discusses research on grain processing technologies, including both earlier and recent works.
2) Various grain processing methods are described, including cold, hot, and chemical processing, as well as studies on their effects on health, gene expression, and rumen fermentation.
3) Recent studies show that dry rolling of grains like barley and maize can help prevent acidosis in cattle and improve rumen pH and fermentation compared to grinding.
3 linda majdoub mathlouthi 2013 meat scienceLinda Majdoub
This study evaluated the effects of two concentrate levels (low vs. high) and two slaughter body weights (35 kg vs. 42 kg) on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of Barbarine lambs fed an oat hay-based diet. Lambs that received the high concentrate level had higher average daily gain, carcass yields, and subcutaneous fat thickness, but lower carcass meat proportion, compared to those on the low concentrate level. Increasing slaughter body weight from 35 kg to 42 kg improved carcass yields and increased carcass adiposity, but did not affect carcass meat proportion or shoulder tissue composition. Slaughter body weight had an effect on meat color and fatty acid composition.
High feedstuffs costs: Improving nutritional value of swine diets by processi...Milling and Grain magazine
This document summarizes an article from the May/June 2014 issue of Grain & Feed Milling Technology magazine. The article discusses how optimizing feed milling processes can improve the nutritional value of swine diets and reduce production costs. Specifically, it addresses the impact of grinding, pelleting and other processing conditions. Finer grinding was shown to improve nutrient digestibility. Pelleting increased feed efficiency over meal diets by reducing particle size and potentially improving starch gelatinization and protein denaturation. Processing conditions like temperature and pellet quality significantly influence the benefits of pelleting. Optimizing these milling factors can enhance pig performance and profits.
Are proteases beneficial for the environment- Kyriazakis, I. Workshop 3 presented at the Feed Proteases and enzyme seminar, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 2014.
A study was carried out to evaluate the nutritive value and enzyme supplementation of different sources of energy in broiler diets on the growth performance and heamatological parameters of broiler chickens supplemented with Mazigrain® enzyme within the treated groups. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets less (23.17 % CP; 2831 Kcal/ME and 21.73 % CP; 2929 Kcal/ME) for the broiler starter (0 - a month) and finisher phases (5–8 months) respectively were formulated. Diet 1(maize based diet) served in as the control while diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 were supplemented with sorghum, pearl millet, cassava and sweet potatoes based diets separately. A sum of 225 day-old NAPRI X broiler chicks were haphazardly distributed to the five treatments. Every treatment comprised of 45 broilers with three repeats of fifteen birds each in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The general linear model protocol of S.A.S. 9.0. was used to analyze the collected data. Among the dietary groups significant changes (P<0.05) was found utilizing a Tukey test. Enzyme along with various energy sources have noteworthy (P<0.05) changes on every one of the parameters (final weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, water intake, water to feed ratio and feed cost per kilogram weight gain) except for death rate at the starter phase. Broilers that had sorghum based diet had the best performance at starter stage (final weight; 627 g, weight gain; 576.85 g, feed cost/kg gain; ^ 187.95 k). At the finisher stage, sorghum supplemented with enzyme had the best feed conversion ratio (1.96) and feed cost/kg gain; ^ 171.15 k. The optimal performance characteristics were recorded for sorghum based diets. Feed cost / kg gain was the cheapest on birds fed sorghum based diet with enzyme supplementation which was comparable with those fed the maize based diet. However, the use of enzyme enhanced the performance of birds at both the starter and finisher phases.
Impact of laying hen nutrition on egg quality. Nys, Y. & Bouvarel, I. Presentation at the DSM customer event: Exploring the benefits of feed carotenoids for egg quality, Village Neuf, 2013.
This document provides information on animal nutrition including the classification and composition of various feeds and fodders. It discusses summer and winter fodders as well as dry fodders. Several ration formulas are presented for dairy animals with different milk production levels. Feeding recommendations for calves including milk replacers and calf starters are also covered. The document concludes with discussions on feed supplements, mineral mixtures, baled rations, and health products.
Effect of carbohydrate source and cottonseed meal levelon Feed intake, rumen...Faisal A. Alshamiry
conducted to investigate the effects of locally available carbohydrate sources and cotton-seed meal levels on voluntary feed intake, rumen fermentation, and milk production in lactating dairy cows.
3 2011-comparative study of functional properties of commercial and membrane ...Bảo Dung Phan
Membrane processing of yellow pea protein isolates resulted in 28-68% lower phytic acid levels and generally enhanced functional properties compared to a commercial pea protein isolate. The membrane processed isolates had superior solubility, lower viscosity, better heat-induced gel formation, and lower gelling temperatures than the commercial isolate. Membrane purification using ultrafiltration and diafiltration is an effective way to improve the functional qualities of pea protein for use in foods.
The research shows the results of using a protease (Ronozyme ProAct) in improving protein and amino acid digestibility of a conventional commercial 45% protein Meat and Bone Meal.
Why not join the Feed Enzyme discussion on LinkedIn?
http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=4738175&trk=anet_ug_hm&goback=%25
Follow us: @DSMFeedTweet
Or speak the expert: @Jobsorbara
Application of ultrafiltration technique for the quality improvement of dahi ...Ganga Sahay Meena
This document describes a study on using ultrafiltration techniques to improve the quality of dahi, a fermented milk product from India. Ultrafiltered buffalo milk with varying protein levels was used to produce dahi. Dahi made from ultrafiltered milk showed increased firmness, stickiness, sensory scores and decreased whey separation compared to the control dahi made without ultrafiltration. Principal component analysis revealed that protein content was positively correlated with attributes like firmness while negatively correlated with whey separation. Overall, ultrafiltration improved the quality attributes of dahi by increasing the protein levels in milk.
This document provides an overview of nutritional management for overweight pasture-fed horses. It discusses identifying overweight horses using body condition scoring, health risks of excess fat like laminitis and inflammation, and determining ideal body weight. The key strategies for weight loss discussed are reducing calorie intake to 70-90% of maintenance needs through limiting pasture access, using grazing muzzles, or dry lots, as well as increasing energy expenditure through exercise. Special topics covered include calculating energy requirements and dry matter intake from pasture, and managing equine metabolic syndrome through weight loss, exercise, and monitoring insulin levels.
This document discusses calf fattening in Pakistan. It notes the increasing demand for meat due to population growth, urbanization, and rising incomes. Per capita meat consumption in Pakistan has risen from 11 kg in 1983 to a projected 47 kg in 2020. The majority of beef production comes from traditional, inefficient systems involving young calves. The document advocates for commercial feedlot systems to finish calves on balanced diets to higher weights to produce quality beef. It provides details on feedlot design, selection of animals, feeding, and management. Feeding trials demonstrated growth rates of over 1 kg per day. Commercial feedlot systems can yield good profits but farmers must sell processed, high quality meat through organized markets.
Dr. Don Giesting - Feeding options to fit pig healthJohn Blue
Feeding options to fit pig health - Dr. Don Giesting, Cargill, from the 2013 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 14-17, 2013, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2013-leman-swine-conference-material
Synergetic effect of cassava sievate soybean milk residue mixtures as replace...Alexander Decker
This study investigated replacing maize with cassava sievate/soybean milk residue mixtures in diets for growing rabbits over 56 days. Four diets were formulated with 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% replacement. Replacing maize with the mixtures significantly improved final weight, daily weight gain, and reduced cost per kg weight gain compared to the control. The 50% replacement diet resulted in the lowest cost per kg gain without affecting digestibility, carcass characteristics, or health. Including the cassava/soybean mixtures can thus partially replace expensive maize in rabbit diets, enhancing growth and reducing production costs for farmers.
This experiment evaluated the metabolizable energy and nutrient digestibility of detoxified castor meal and castor cake for broilers. The detoxified castor cake had higher apparent metabolizable energy, nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy, and digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract, and ether extract compared to the detoxified castor meal. The higher fat content and lower fiber content of the castor cake likely contributed to its better energy and nutrient utilization. The detoxified castor meal had an apparent metabolizable energy of 1829 kcal/kg and digestibility coefficients ranging from 10.5% to 68.4%, while the detoxified castor cake
Dr. Brian Richert - Alternative Feed Ingredients: Real Options or Just a Nice...John Blue
Alternative Feed Ingredients: Real Options or Just a Nice Idea? - Dr. Brian Richert, Associate Professor of Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, from the 2012 Minnesota Pork Congress, January 18-19, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing broiler diets with 300 ppm of CRINA® Poultry Plus on performance. 400 broilers were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 300 ppm of CRINA® Poultry Plus. Results showed that broilers fed the supplemented diet had a 2.2% higher final body weight and 2.6% improvement in feed conversion ratio compared to the control group. The addition of CRINA® Poultry Plus resulted in better broiler performance and a return on investment of 10:1.
current trends in research on grain processing technologies SureshRamalingam12
1) The document discusses research on grain processing technologies, including both earlier and recent works.
2) Various grain processing methods are described, including cold, hot, and chemical processing, as well as studies on their effects on health, gene expression, and rumen fermentation.
3) Recent studies show that dry rolling of grains like barley and maize can help prevent acidosis in cattle and improve rumen pH and fermentation compared to grinding.
3 linda majdoub mathlouthi 2013 meat scienceLinda Majdoub
This study evaluated the effects of two concentrate levels (low vs. high) and two slaughter body weights (35 kg vs. 42 kg) on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of Barbarine lambs fed an oat hay-based diet. Lambs that received the high concentrate level had higher average daily gain, carcass yields, and subcutaneous fat thickness, but lower carcass meat proportion, compared to those on the low concentrate level. Increasing slaughter body weight from 35 kg to 42 kg improved carcass yields and increased carcass adiposity, but did not affect carcass meat proportion or shoulder tissue composition. Slaughter body weight had an effect on meat color and fatty acid composition.
High feedstuffs costs: Improving nutritional value of swine diets by processi...Milling and Grain magazine
This document summarizes an article from the May/June 2014 issue of Grain & Feed Milling Technology magazine. The article discusses how optimizing feed milling processes can improve the nutritional value of swine diets and reduce production costs. Specifically, it addresses the impact of grinding, pelleting and other processing conditions. Finer grinding was shown to improve nutrient digestibility. Pelleting increased feed efficiency over meal diets by reducing particle size and potentially improving starch gelatinization and protein denaturation. Processing conditions like temperature and pellet quality significantly influence the benefits of pelleting. Optimizing these milling factors can enhance pig performance and profits.
Are proteases beneficial for the environment- Kyriazakis, I. Workshop 3 presented at the Feed Proteases and enzyme seminar, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 2014.
A study was carried out to evaluate the nutritive value and enzyme supplementation of different sources of energy in broiler diets on the growth performance and heamatological parameters of broiler chickens supplemented with Mazigrain® enzyme within the treated groups. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets less (23.17 % CP; 2831 Kcal/ME and 21.73 % CP; 2929 Kcal/ME) for the broiler starter (0 - a month) and finisher phases (5–8 months) respectively were formulated. Diet 1(maize based diet) served in as the control while diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 were supplemented with sorghum, pearl millet, cassava and sweet potatoes based diets separately. A sum of 225 day-old NAPRI X broiler chicks were haphazardly distributed to the five treatments. Every treatment comprised of 45 broilers with three repeats of fifteen birds each in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The general linear model protocol of S.A.S. 9.0. was used to analyze the collected data. Among the dietary groups significant changes (P<0.05) was found utilizing a Tukey test. Enzyme along with various energy sources have noteworthy (P<0.05) changes on every one of the parameters (final weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, water intake, water to feed ratio and feed cost per kilogram weight gain) except for death rate at the starter phase. Broilers that had sorghum based diet had the best performance at starter stage (final weight; 627 g, weight gain; 576.85 g, feed cost/kg gain; ^ 187.95 k). At the finisher stage, sorghum supplemented with enzyme had the best feed conversion ratio (1.96) and feed cost/kg gain; ^ 171.15 k. The optimal performance characteristics were recorded for sorghum based diets. Feed cost / kg gain was the cheapest on birds fed sorghum based diet with enzyme supplementation which was comparable with those fed the maize based diet. However, the use of enzyme enhanced the performance of birds at both the starter and finisher phases.
Impact of laying hen nutrition on egg quality. Nys, Y. & Bouvarel, I. Presentation at the DSM customer event: Exploring the benefits of feed carotenoids for egg quality, Village Neuf, 2013.
This document provides information on animal nutrition including the classification and composition of various feeds and fodders. It discusses summer and winter fodders as well as dry fodders. Several ration formulas are presented for dairy animals with different milk production levels. Feeding recommendations for calves including milk replacers and calf starters are also covered. The document concludes with discussions on feed supplements, mineral mixtures, baled rations, and health products.
Effect of carbohydrate source and cottonseed meal levelon Feed intake, rumen...Faisal A. Alshamiry
conducted to investigate the effects of locally available carbohydrate sources and cotton-seed meal levels on voluntary feed intake, rumen fermentation, and milk production in lactating dairy cows.
3 2011-comparative study of functional properties of commercial and membrane ...Bảo Dung Phan
Membrane processing of yellow pea protein isolates resulted in 28-68% lower phytic acid levels and generally enhanced functional properties compared to a commercial pea protein isolate. The membrane processed isolates had superior solubility, lower viscosity, better heat-induced gel formation, and lower gelling temperatures than the commercial isolate. Membrane purification using ultrafiltration and diafiltration is an effective way to improve the functional qualities of pea protein for use in foods.
The research shows the results of using a protease (Ronozyme ProAct) in improving protein and amino acid digestibility of a conventional commercial 45% protein Meat and Bone Meal.
Why not join the Feed Enzyme discussion on LinkedIn?
http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=4738175&trk=anet_ug_hm&goback=%25
Follow us: @DSMFeedTweet
Or speak the expert: @Jobsorbara
Application of ultrafiltration technique for the quality improvement of dahi ...Ganga Sahay Meena
This document describes a study on using ultrafiltration techniques to improve the quality of dahi, a fermented milk product from India. Ultrafiltered buffalo milk with varying protein levels was used to produce dahi. Dahi made from ultrafiltered milk showed increased firmness, stickiness, sensory scores and decreased whey separation compared to the control dahi made without ultrafiltration. Principal component analysis revealed that protein content was positively correlated with attributes like firmness while negatively correlated with whey separation. Overall, ultrafiltration improved the quality attributes of dahi by increasing the protein levels in milk.
This document provides an overview of nutritional management for overweight pasture-fed horses. It discusses identifying overweight horses using body condition scoring, health risks of excess fat like laminitis and inflammation, and determining ideal body weight. The key strategies for weight loss discussed are reducing calorie intake to 70-90% of maintenance needs through limiting pasture access, using grazing muzzles, or dry lots, as well as increasing energy expenditure through exercise. Special topics covered include calculating energy requirements and dry matter intake from pasture, and managing equine metabolic syndrome through weight loss, exercise, and monitoring insulin levels.
This document discusses calf fattening in Pakistan. It notes the increasing demand for meat due to population growth, urbanization, and rising incomes. Per capita meat consumption in Pakistan has risen from 11 kg in 1983 to a projected 47 kg in 2020. The majority of beef production comes from traditional, inefficient systems involving young calves. The document advocates for commercial feedlot systems to finish calves on balanced diets to higher weights to produce quality beef. It provides details on feedlot design, selection of animals, feeding, and management. Feeding trials demonstrated growth rates of over 1 kg per day. Commercial feedlot systems can yield good profits but farmers must sell processed, high quality meat through organized markets.
Dr. Don Giesting - Feeding options to fit pig healthJohn Blue
Feeding options to fit pig health - Dr. Don Giesting, Cargill, from the 2013 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 14-17, 2013, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2013-leman-swine-conference-material
Synergetic effect of cassava sievate soybean milk residue mixtures as replace...Alexander Decker
This study investigated replacing maize with cassava sievate/soybean milk residue mixtures in diets for growing rabbits over 56 days. Four diets were formulated with 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% replacement. Replacing maize with the mixtures significantly improved final weight, daily weight gain, and reduced cost per kg weight gain compared to the control. The 50% replacement diet resulted in the lowest cost per kg gain without affecting digestibility, carcass characteristics, or health. Including the cassava/soybean mixtures can thus partially replace expensive maize in rabbit diets, enhancing growth and reducing production costs for farmers.
This experiment evaluated the metabolizable energy and nutrient digestibility of detoxified castor meal and castor cake for broilers. The detoxified castor cake had higher apparent metabolizable energy, nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy, and digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract, and ether extract compared to the detoxified castor meal. The higher fat content and lower fiber content of the castor cake likely contributed to its better energy and nutrient utilization. The detoxified castor meal had an apparent metabolizable energy of 1829 kcal/kg and digestibility coefficients ranging from 10.5% to 68.4%, while the detoxified castor cake
Similar to Kyle Coble - The Importance Of Implementing A By-Product Withdraw Strategy Prior To Slaughter In Finishing Pigs: A Review Of Strategies That Mitigate The Negative Impact On Carcass Yield
Dr. Brian Richert - Alternative Feed Ingredients: Real Options or Just a Nice...John Blue
Alternative Feed Ingredients: Real Options or Just a Nice Idea? - Dr. Brian Richert, Associate Professor of Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, from the 2012 Minnesota Pork Congress, January 18-19, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Optimal nutrition management targets for the transition ewe: Lessons learned ...Grey Bruce Farmers Week
Richard Ehrhardt discusses optimal nutrition management for transition ewes. He outlines 3 critical stages - flushing, late pregnancy, and early lactation - where nutritional investment can improve productivity. Precise nutrition management during these stages allows for improved out of season conception, larger litter sizes, higher colostrum/milk production, and improved lamb survival and growth. Forage quality, determined by fiber digestibility, is key to maximizing intake and performance. Managing forage maturity through harvest timing is the most important factor controlling quality.
Devi Pangeni - Phase Feeding of Sows during Gestation and LactationJohn Blue
Phase Feeding of Sows during Gestation and Lactation - Devi Pangeni, University of Minnesota, from the 2014 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 15-16, 2014, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-leman-swine-conference-material
1. The document discusses the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL), which are measures of how foods affect blood glucose levels. The GI ranks carbohydrates based on their effect on blood glucose, while GL considers both the quality and quantity of carbs.
2. Eating low GI and GL foods is associated with health benefits like lower blood glucose, cholesterol, weight, and risk of heart disease and diabetes. Factors like fiber, fat, and cooking method influence a food's GI ranking.
3. The document provides examples of low and high GI meals and snacks and recommends focusing on a balanced, well-portioned diet including low GI carbs.
This document discusses glycemic index (GI), a measure of how foods affect blood glucose levels. It provides details on GI determination, factors that influence GI values, benefits of a low GI diet, and recommendations. Specifically, it finds that a low GI diet is associated with lower blood glucose and HbA1c levels, improved lipid profiles, weight control, and decreased risk of heart disease and diabetes. The take home message encourages choosing high-fiber whole grains and fruits/veggies while limiting refined sugars and large portions of high GI foods.
Dr. Erin Harris - Feeding Strategies for Dried Distillers Grain with Solubles...John Blue
Feeding Strategies for Dried Distillers Grain with Solubles with Immunologically Castrated Pigs-Considerations for Producers and Packers - Dr. Erin Harris, University of Minnesota, from the 2014 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 15-16, 2014, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-leman-swine-conference-material
Lori Thomas - The Effect of Parity and Stage of Gestation on Whole Body and M...John Blue
The Effect of Parity and Stage of Gestation on Whole Body and Maternal Growth and Feed Efficiency of Gestating Sows - Lori Thomas, from the 2017 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 16-19, 2017, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2017-leman-swine-conference-material
The objective of a defined feeding management program is to supply a range of balanced diets that satisfy the nutrient requirements at all stages of development & that optimize efficiency and profitability without compromising bird welfare or the environment.
Induced Lactation in Non pregnant Cows: Profitability and Response to Bovine ...Faisal A. Alshamiry
Significant culling of high-producing cows with low fertility reduces profitability of dairy farms as those cows are replaced with heifers.
Induced lactation of non pregnant cows may be a management alternative to increase profits.
Adding replacement heifers to the milking string is one of the largest costsof dairy farming.
There is potential to increase income by reducing the number of heifers raised or by selling excess heifers.
An improved method to induce non pregnant cows into lactation could return to production valuable healthy cows that would otherwise be culled and at the same time decrease the need for replacement heifers.
Dr. Eric Berg - USDA Dietary Guidelines: Why aren't they telling us to eat li...John Blue
USDA Dietary Guidelines: Why aren't they telling us to eat like pigs? - Dr. Eric Berg, North Dakota State University, from the 2018 Iowa Pork Congress, January 24 - 25, 2018, Des Moines, IA, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2018-iowa-pork-congress
This document discusses a trial conducted by Sumul Dairy in Surat, India to evaluate the effects of feeding hydroponically grown maize to growing heifers. In the trial, 20 heifers were fed a conventional diet while another 20 were supplemented with hydroponic maize. The hydroponic feeding resulted in higher reproductive efficiency, daily weight gain, and lower cost of weight gain. It also reduced water and land usage compared to conventional fodder production. The hydroponic system improved the nutritional quality of the feed and allowed consistent supply with less labor.
The document discusses creatine metabolism and supplementation. It summarizes that creatine plays a critical role in cellular energy balance by buffering ATP levels. The creatine-phosphocreatine system works to counter ATP shortage and formation of free radicals. Supplementing animals' diets with creatine (GAA) leads to increased performance outcomes like breast meat yield, body weight gain, and improved feed conversion ratio. Studies in poultry, pigs, and their offspring show supplementation can spare dietary energy and amino acids while maintaining or improving production metrics.
Fortifying Your Products with Plant Protein - - - Global Food Technology & In...Paul Hart
This document discusses plant proteins as alternatives to animal proteins for fortifying foods. It provides background on the market potential of plant proteins due to sustainability and health considerations. Specific plant proteins discussed include soy, pea, wheat gluten and potato protein. Key criteria for comparing plant proteins include amino acid profile, protein quality, functionality, cost and regulatory status. Whey protein is presented as the benchmark for protein quality. Potential applications highlighted include bakery, dairy alternatives, meat analogs and beverages.
Nutrition of the Contemporary Dairy Cow: Research into PracticeAHDB Dairy
This document summarizes key points from a presentation on dairy cow nutrition given by Liam Sinclair. It discusses trends in global milk production and projections that milk output will increase 29% by 2023. It also covers topics like the impact of high feed prices, optimal protein levels in cow diets, using alternative forages and by-product feeds, grazing strategies for high-yielding cows, and mineral supplementation. The presentation emphasizes improving dairy cow nutrition and production efficiency while reducing environmental impacts and ensuring animal health and welfare.
Dr. Hyatt Frobose - The Effects of an Altered Suckling Method on Piglet Perfo...John Blue
The Effects of an Altered Suckling Method on Piglet Performance during Late Lactation and the Nursery Period - Dr. Hyatt Frobose, Kansas State University, from the 2014 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 15-16, 2014, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-leman-swine-conference-material
'Fortifying Your Products with Plant Protein' WTG:' Global Food Technology & ...Paul Hart
Globally we're running short of protein: which may limit population growth. After years of dietary advice on low fat - we're now consuming less carbs. but more protein.
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Kyle Coble - The Importance Of Implementing A By-Product Withdraw Strategy Prior To Slaughter In Finishing Pigs: A Review Of Strategies That Mitigate The Negative Impact On Carcass Yield
1. The importance of implementing a by-product
withdraw strategy prior to slaughter in finishing
pigs: A review of strategies that mitigate the
negative impacts on carcass yield.
K.F. Coble*, J.M. DeRouchey, M.D. Tokach, S.S. Dritz,
R.D. Goodband, and J.C. Woodworth
Kansas State University
Allen D. Leman Swine Conference
Monday, September 21, 2015
2. Introduction
• By-product ingredients, such as dried distillers
grains with solubles (DDGS), have become an
important ingredient in swine diets in the last
decade.
0
10
20
30
40
50
DDGSProduction,MT
Historic Distillers Grains Production from U.S.
Ethanol Biorefineries
-Renewable Fuels Association
3. By-products in Swine Diets
• Can potentially offer a source of lower cost
energy and amino acids and increased level of
available phosphorus
• At the possible expense of:
– Feed efficiency and gain
– Fat quality (iodine value)
– Carcass yield = ↓HCW
-www.tradefina.com
-www.alibaba.com
4. Byproduct vs. Originating Grain Source
Item1 Corn vs. DDGS2 Wheat3 vs. Midds
CP 8.24 27.36 14.46 15.76
Energy, kcal/kg
ME 3,395 3,396 3,215 2,968
NE 2,672 2,343 2,472 2,113
STTD of P, % 34 65 56 56
Crude fiber, % 1.98 8.92 2.57 5.15
NDF, % 9.11 30.46 10.60 34.97
ADF, % 2.88 12.01 3.55 5.98
1 2012 NRC. 11th Revised Edition. Nutrient Requirements for Swine.
2 Corn DDGS, >6 and <9% Oil.
3 Wheat, Hard Red
5. Presentation Outline
• Reduced yield from feeding high fiber diets
• Strategies that do not fully overcome reduced
yield when fed a high fiber diet
– Added fat in finishing
– Addition of ractopamine in late finishing
– By-product diets fed in different forms
• By-product withdrawal strategies prior to
slaughter that will overcome reduced yield
when fed a high fiber diet
6. Turlington (1984)
• Investigated the effects of increasing high fiber
by-products in corn-soybean meal-based diets
– Soybean hulls - 0 to 21% (NDF = 8.3 to 19.5%)
– Oat hulls – 0 to 18% (NDF = 8.9 to 19.0%)
– Wheat bran – 0 to 37.5% (NDF = 9.2 to 18.9)
• Finishing pigs from approximately 30 to 90 kg
• Collected and weighed the contents in the large
intestine and cecum
• Reported no trial × treatment interactions; data
reported as main effects of NDF
7. Effect of NDF on Carcass Yield
74.8
74.3
74.0
72.9
2.4 2.5
3.2
3.5
0
1
2
3
4
72
73
74
75
76
0 3.3 6.6 9.9
Yield Gut fill
Added NDF , %
CarcassYield,%
Gutfill,kg
Linear NDF: P < 0.01
CV = 2.27
- Adapted from Turlington, 1984
9. Increasing DDGS on Carcass Yield
71.5
72.5
73.5
74.5
75.5
76.5
0 10 20 30 40 50
Carcassyield,%
DDGS, %
Jacela et al., 2011 Graham et al., 2014 (2)
Whitney et al., 2006 Graham et al., 2014 (1-1)
Graham et al., 2014 (1-2)
0.030%
0.022%
0.035%
0.049%0.052%
Average slope = 0.038%
10. Increasing NDF from DDGS on Carcass Yield
71.5
72.5
73.5
74.5
75.5
76.5
8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0
CarcassYield,%
NDF, %
Whitney et al., 2006 Jacela et al., 2011
Graham et al., 2014 (1-1) Graham et al., 2014 (1-2)
Graham et al., 2014 (2)
0.131%
0.117%
0.154%
0.229%
0.210%
Average slope = 0.168%
11. Increasing NDF on Carcass Yield
71.5
72.5
73.5
74.5
75.5
76.5
8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0
CarcassYield,%
NDF, %
Whitney et al., 2006 Jacela et al., 2011
Graham et al., 2014 (1-1) Graham et al., 2014 (1-2)
Graham et al., 2014 (2) Asmus et al., 2014
Salyer et al., 2012 Goehring et al., 2012
0.131%
0.117%
0.154%
0.162%
0.229%
0.210% 0.118%
0.158%
Average slope = 0.162%
12. Including By-products High in Fiber
• Residual digestive contents in the GI tract from
feeding a high-fiber diet impacts carcass yield;
therefore resulting in a lighter carcass than
predicted by the final live weight exiting the barn.
• Reduced carcass yield is dependent upon level of by-
product ingredient, but not sources or oil content
(DDGS)
• Important to consider when evaluating by-product
economics.
13. Dietary Strategies that Improve Yield
• Several dietary strategies have demonstrated
improvements in carcass yield in corn-soy diets
– Added dietary fat
– Ractopamine HCl (RAC)
– Feed form
• Can the use of these overcome the reduction in
yield associated with high fiber diets fed until
marketing?
14. Adding Dietary Fat
• Several suggest adding fat in corn-soy diets
improves carcass yield by increasing HCW
• Will adding fat help overcome the reduction in
yield associated with high fiber diets?
– Salyer et al. (2012): 30% wheat midds with 2.5 or
5% added CWG
– Davis et al. (2015): 30% DDGS with 5% added
tallow
– Coble et al. (2015): 30% DDGS with 5% added fat
fed for the last 20 d prior to slaughter
15. Midds and Added Fat on Carcass Yield
73.3
73.9
73.4
72.8
72.9
72.8
71.5
72.0
72.5
73.0
73.5
74.0
74.5CarcassYield,%
Salyer et al., 2012
Midds, %: 0 20
CWG, %: 0 2.5 5.0 0 2.5 5.0
CWG × Midds: P > 0.82
Midds: P = 0.04
CWG: P = 0.67
SEM = 0.40
16. DDGS and Added Fat on Carcass Yield
78.8
79.6
78.3
79.4
76.0
77.0
78.0
79.0
80.0
81.0
CarcassYield,%
Tallow × DDGS: P > 0.54
DDGS: P = 0.10
Tallow: P = 0.01
PSE = 0.19
Davis et al., 2015
DDGS, %: 0 30
Tallow, %: 0 5 0 5
17. Added Fat prior to Slaughter
• 20-d experiment investigated the interactive effects
of 30% DDGS and 5% added fat prior to slaughter
on growth performance and carcass characteristics
of finishing pigs.
• All pigs fed a common diet containing 30% DDGS
until 20 d prior to slaughter, then pigs were fed:
– 2 diet types: corn-soy diet with or without 30% DDGS
– 2 fat levels: 0 or 5% added fat
• 2 studies (commercial and university) were
included into 1 summary
18. Added Fat prior to Slaughter
73.1
73.3
72.8
72.6
71.0
71.5
72.0
72.5
73.0
73.5
74.0
CarcassYield,%
DDGS, %: 0 30
Tallow, %: 0 5 0 5
Coble et al., 2015
Fat × DDGS: P > 0.294
DDGS: P = 0.001
Fat: P = 0.633
SEM = 0.132
19. Adding Ractopamine HCl (RAC)
• Apple et al. (2007) reviewed past literature
suggesting that carcass yield improves from 75.3 to
76.2% (P = 0.058) in finishing pigs when fed up to 20
mg/kg of RAC.
– 0.5% improvement in yield with 10 mg/kg
• Graham et al. (2014): Fed two diet types with or
without 10 mg/kg RAC at two durations
• Corn-soy (Low fiber) or 30% DDGS/19%Midds
(High fiber)
20. High fiber diets and RAC on carcass yield
74.2
73.7
72.8
75.1
74.6
73.6
71.0
73.0
75.0
77.0 Control
RAC
d 0 to 49: Corn-soy High fiber High fiber
d 49 to 73: Corn-soy Corn-soy High fiber
No fiber × RAC effect
Withdrawal: P < 0.01
RAC: P = 0.01
SEM = 0.19
Carcassyield,%
Graham et al., 2014
21. Feed Form on Carcass Yield
• Overwhelming research demonstrating an
improvement in feed efficiency and average daily
gain (4-6%) for pelleted diets compared to meal
diets in grow-finish pigs.
• Nemechek et al. (2013) investigated the effects of
diet form (meal vs pellet) and diet type (corn-soy
vs. high fiber).
22. Diet Form and Type on Carcass Yield
75.1
74.7
74.1
75.0
74.8
73.4
72.5
73.5
74.5
75.5
76.5
CarcassYield,%
Meal Pellet
d 0 to 64: Corn-soy High fiber High fiber
d 64 to 81: Corn-soy Corn-soy High fiber
Diet form × fiber regimen: P < 0.876
Fiber regimen: P < 0.001
Meal vs pellet: P = 0.28
SEM = 0.240
Nemechek et al., 2013
23. What Strategies Will Restore Carcass Yield?
• Asmus et al. (2014) evaluated withdrawal
strategies by switching pigs from a 30% DDGS and
19% Midds diet to corn-soy diet during the last
phase (3 wk prior to slaughter) on carcass yield
– Low fiber (corn-soy), medium fiber (15% DDGS
and 9.5% Midds) and high fiber (30% DDGS and
19% Midds) diets were fed
– Measured intestinal weights for each withdrawal
strategy
24. Fiber Withdrawal Prior to Slaughter
73.2
72.9
71.6
73.0
72.4
71.7
69
70
71
72
73
74CarcassYield,%
d 0 to 43: Low High High High High High
d 43 to 67: Low Low Medium High High High
d 67 to 90: Low Low Medium Low Medium High
Asmus et al., 2014
Duration linear: P = 0.002
Fiber Level: P = 0.01
SEM = 0.26
25. Full Large Intestinal Weight
3.0
3.2
3.7
3.0
3.4
4.0
1
2
3
4
5FullLIWeight,kg
d 0 to 43: Low High High High High High
d 43 to 67: Low Low Medium High High High
d 67 to 90: Low Low Medium Low Medium High
Asmus et al., 2014
Duration, linear: P = 0.01
Fiber Level: P = 0.02
SEM = 0.26
26. Optimizing Withdrawal Strategies
1) To determine the timing of high-fiber ingredient
removal from the diet prior to marketing to
optimize growth performance, carcass
characteristics (yield and HCW)
2) Validate the response observed in a university
controlled experiment in a commercial field study
27. Material and Methods (Exp. 1)
• 288 pigs (PIC 327 x 1050; initially 38.4 kg BW) were
used in an 88-d study.
• Pens of pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary
feeding strategies with 8 pigs per pen and 6
replications per treatment.
• Dietary strategies consisted of:
– Control diet (corn-soybean meal; NDF=9.3%) fed d 0 to 88.
– High-fiber diet (30% DDGS and 19% wheat middlings;
NDF=19%) fed d 0 to 88 with no withdrawal period.
– High-fiber diet fed until 20, 15, 10, or 5 d prior to slaughter
after which pigs were switched to the corn-soy control.
– Diets were fed in 4 dietary phases and in meal form.
Coble et al., 2013
29. Average Daily Gain (Exp. 1; d 0 to 88)
1.00 0.98 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.99
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
ADG,kg
Corn-Soy 20 d 15 d 10 d 5 d 0 d
High-fiber ingredient withdrawal prior to market, d
Corn-soy vs 0 d: P = 0.613
No Withdraw effects: P > 0.655
SEM = 0.014
Coble et al., 2013
30. Gain:Feed (Exp. 1; d 0 to 88)
0.358
0.344
0.340
0.339
0.336
0.341
0.30
0.32
0.34
0.36
G:F
Corn-Soy 20 d 15 d 10 d 5 d 0 d
Corn-soy vs 0 d: P = 0.001
No Withdraw effects: P > 0.147
SEM = 0.003
High-fiber ingredient withdrawal prior to market, d
Coble et al., 2013
31. Final BW (Exp. 1; d 88)
126.0
124.9
126.0
125.2
125.8 125.7
120
122
124
126
128
BW,kg
Corn-Soy 20 d 15 d 10 d 5 d 0 d
Corn-soy vs 0 d: P = 0.904
No Withdraw effects: P > 0.834
SEM = 1.93
High-fiber ingredient withdrawal prior to market, d
Coble et al., 2013
32. Carcass Yield (Exp. 1)
72.7 72.5 72.5
72.2
72.0
71.2
70
71
72
73
74
CarcassYield,%
Corn-Soy 20 d 15 d 10 d 5 d 0 d
Corn-soy vs 0 d: P = 0.001
Withdraw effects, quadratic: P < 0.039
SEM = 0.21
High-fiber ingredient withdrawal prior to market, d
Coble et al., 2013
33. Hot Carcass Weight (Exp. 1)
92.2
91.0
91.4 91.1
90.7
89.3
86
88
90
92
94
HCW,kg
Corn-Soy 20 d 15 d 10 d 5 d 0 d
Corn-soy vs 0 d: P = 0.140
No Withdraw effects: P > 0.334
SEM = 1.39
High-fiber ingredient withdrawal prior to market, d
Coble et al., 2013
34. Full Large Intestine Weight (Exp. 1)
2.90 2.96
3.41
2.90
3.19
4.10
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Weight,kg
Corn-Soy 20 d 15 d 10 d 5 d 0 d
Corn-soy vs 0 d: P = 0.003
Withdraw effects, linear: P < 0.018
SEM = 0.283
High-fiber ingredient withdrawal prior to market, d
Coble et al., 2013
35. Rinsed Large Intestine Weight (Exp. 1)
1.79 1.75
2.00
1.79 1.86 1.91
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Weight,kg
Corn-Soy 20 d 15 d 10 d 5 d 0 d
Corn-soy vs 0 d: P = 0.333
No Withdraw effects: P > 0.530
SEM = 0.095
High-fiber ingredient withdrawal prior to market, d
Coble et al., 2013
36. Material and Methods (Exp. 2)
• 1,089 pigs (PIC 337 x 1050; initially 44.5 kg) were
used in a 96-d study.
• Pens of pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary
feeding strategies with 25 to 27 pigs per pen and 7
replications pre treatment.
• Dietary strategies consisted of:
– Control (corn-soy diet; NDF=6%) fed d 0 to 96.
– High-fiber diet (30% DDGS and 19% wheat middlings; NDF=19%)
fed d 0 to 96.
– High-fiber diet fed until 24, 19, 14, or 9 d prior to slaughter after
which pigs were switched to the corn-soy control.
– Diets were fed in 4 dietary phases and in the meal form.
– Inclement weather led to power outage at processing plant,
increasing withdrawal schedule by 4 d.
Coble et al., 2013
37. Final Live BW (Exp. 2 - Commercial)
132.5
129.3 129.5
129.1
128.3 128.3
125
127
129
131
133
135
BW,kg
Corn-Soy 24 d 19 d 14 d 9 d 0 d
Corn-soy vs 0 d: P < 0.001
No Withdraw effects: P > 0.233
SEM = 1.58
Coble et al., 2013
High-fiber ingredient withdrawal prior to market, d
38. Carcass Yield (Exp. 2 - Commercial)
74.9
74.1
74.6 74.5 74.4
73.9
73.0
74.0
75.0
76.0
CarcassYield,%
Corn-Soy 24 d 19 d 14 d 9 d 0 d
Corn-soy vs 0 d: P = 0.194
No withdraw effects: P > 0.275
SEM = 0.50
Coble et al., 2013
High-fiber ingredient withdrawal prior to market, d
39. Hot Carcass Weight (Exp. 2 -Commercial)
99.1
95.8
96.6
96.2
95.5
94.8
92
94
96
98
100
HCW,kg
Corn-Soy 24 d 19 d 14 d 9 d 0 d
Corn-soy vs 0 d: P < 0.001
Withdraw effects, linear: P < 0.052
SEM = 0.91
Coble et al., 2013
High-fiber ingredient withdrawal prior to market, d
40. Income Over Feed Cost
Exp. 2 - Spring 2013 Prices
$25.96
$26.64
$28.88
$28.00 $27.75
$26.58
24
26
28
30
32
IOFC,$/pig
Corn-Soy 24 d 19 d 14 d 9 d 0 d
Gain, $ 111.54 105.95 107.25 106.65 105.44 104.20
Feed, $ 85.58 79.30 78.36 78.65 77.69 77.62
Corn-soy vs 0 d: P = 0.71
No withdraw effects: P > 0.16
SEM = 1.261
• Corn = $270/MT; SBM = $518/MT; DDGS = $265/MT; Midds = $265/MT.
• $1.70/kg carcass weight
High-fiber ingredient withdrawal prior to market, d
41. Income Over Feed Cost
Exp. 2 - September 2015 Prices
$42.71 $42.49
$44.24
$43.67 $43.21
$42.38
35
38
41
44
47
50
IOFC,$/pig
Corn-Soy 24 d 19 d 14 d 9 d 0 d
Coble et al., 2013
Gain, $ 89.69 84.82 85.96 85.43 84.38 83.30
Feed, $ 46.98 42.32 41.71 41.77 41.17 40.92
• Corn = $138/MT; SBM = $358/MT; DDGS = $129/MT; Midds = $149/MT.
• $1.48/kg carcass weight
High-fiber ingredient withdrawal prior to market, d
Corn-soy vs 0 d: P = 0786
No withdraw effects: P > 0.125
SEM = 1.107
42. Conclusions
• Overwhelming evidence to support that high fiber
diets fed until marketing reduces carcass yield (HCW).
• The indigestible fiber fraction in high fiber ingredients
remain in the large intestine, reducing the expected
HCW relative to live weight.
• Pigs fed the high fiber diet had 1.2 kg more digestive
contents remaining in the large intestine than the
corn-soy low fiber diet
– 5 d withdrawal to corn-soy, low fiber diet from the high
fiber diet reduced large intestine weight by almost 1 kg.
43. Conclusions
• Withdrawing pigs from a high fiber diet and
switching them to a corn-soy, low fiber diet
restores carcass yield when done for the last 15-
20 days prior to harvest.
– Other strategies (added fat or RAC) have not been
successful in fully restoring the lost yield from feeding
high fiber ingredients.
• Economic analysis under field conditions
supports the need for implementation on a
commercial basis.