The research shows the results of using a protease (Ronozyme ProAct) in improving protein and amino acid digestibility of a conventional commercial 45% protein Meat and Bone Meal.
Why not join the Feed Enzyme discussion on LinkedIn?
http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=4738175&trk=anet_ug_hm&goback=%25
Follow us: @DSMFeedTweet
Or speak the expert: @Jobsorbara
Knowledge of amino acid (AA) digestibility of feed ingredients is necessary to feed broilers with
properly balanced compound diets. For this reason, more attention has recently been given to the
determination of AA digestibility of ingredients, recognizing that it may vary greatly depending
upon the feed ingredient. The effects of the inclusion of a mono-component serine protease
(Ronozyme® ProAct) on standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) of diets containing wheat
by-products (wheat DDGS (WDDGS) and wheat middlings (WM)) were evaluated in broilers.
- Improvement of SIAAD in the presence of protease is not the same for all AA and varies from one ingredient to another one. The effects of added protease are dependent on feed composition and on intrinsic digestibility of AA (COWIESON and ROOS (2014)).
- Factors such as type and quality of the ingredients, industrial processing and the presence of anti-nutritional substances such as tannins, phytates, trypsin inhibitors in plant species modulate the digestibility in poultry feed and thus the effectiveness of exogenous protease.
-The physiological state of animals (growth or maintenance), feed consumption or the nutritional feed quality could also influence the digestibility values.
This study investigates the effect of Bacillus licheniformis protease on the growth performance and the nutrient utilization of broilers. This reduces dietary requirements and environmental impact of excretion whilst increasing energy utilisation and growth in broilers.
Join the LinkedIn discussion on Feed Enzymes:
http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=4738175&trk=anet_ug_hm&goback=%25
Learn more about DSM Animal Nutrition at: http://www.dsm.com/markets/anh/en_US/home.html
Or why not follow us on Twitter: @DSMFeedTweet
The research shows the results of using a protease (Ronozyme ProAct) in improving protein and amino acid digestibility of a conventional commercial 45% protein Meat and Bone Meal.
Why not join the Feed Enzyme discussion on LinkedIn?
http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=4738175&trk=anet_ug_hm&goback=%25
Follow us: @DSMFeedTweet
Or speak the expert: @Jobsorbara
Knowledge of amino acid (AA) digestibility of feed ingredients is necessary to feed broilers with
properly balanced compound diets. For this reason, more attention has recently been given to the
determination of AA digestibility of ingredients, recognizing that it may vary greatly depending
upon the feed ingredient. The effects of the inclusion of a mono-component serine protease
(Ronozyme® ProAct) on standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) of diets containing wheat
by-products (wheat DDGS (WDDGS) and wheat middlings (WM)) were evaluated in broilers.
- Improvement of SIAAD in the presence of protease is not the same for all AA and varies from one ingredient to another one. The effects of added protease are dependent on feed composition and on intrinsic digestibility of AA (COWIESON and ROOS (2014)).
- Factors such as type and quality of the ingredients, industrial processing and the presence of anti-nutritional substances such as tannins, phytates, trypsin inhibitors in plant species modulate the digestibility in poultry feed and thus the effectiveness of exogenous protease.
-The physiological state of animals (growth or maintenance), feed consumption or the nutritional feed quality could also influence the digestibility values.
This study investigates the effect of Bacillus licheniformis protease on the growth performance and the nutrient utilization of broilers. This reduces dietary requirements and environmental impact of excretion whilst increasing energy utilisation and growth in broilers.
Join the LinkedIn discussion on Feed Enzymes:
http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=4738175&trk=anet_ug_hm&goback=%25
Learn more about DSM Animal Nutrition at: http://www.dsm.com/markets/anh/en_US/home.html
Or why not follow us on Twitter: @DSMFeedTweet
Dr. Dean Boyd - Improving Finish Pig Viability By Using XylanaseJohn Blue
Improving Finish Pig Viability By Using Xylanase - Dr. Dean Boyd, The Hanor Company, from the 2015 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 19-22, 2015, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-leman-swine-conference-material
Overview Of Enzymes - Dr. Pedro Urriola, from the 2015 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 19-22, 2015, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-leman-swine-conference-material
Dr. Young-Dal Jang - Evaluating Nutrient Uplift When Feeding XylanaseJohn Blue
Evaluating Nutrient Uplift When Feeding Xylanase - Dr. Young-Dal Jang, from the 2015 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 19-22, 2015, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-leman-swine-conference-material
Can proteases play a role in enteric health- Langhout, P. Presentation for Workshop 4, at the Feed Proteases and enzyme presentation, The Netherlands, 2014
Protein/amino acids are among the most expensive nutrients to deliver in poultry nutrition
The digestibility of protein in poultry is typically incomplete by the terminal ileum
Undigested protein that leaves the ileum is from both exogenous (diet) and endogenous (bird) sources
Understanding the digestion of dietary proteins and the recovery of endogenous proteins is important and can provide a basis for the use of exogenous proteases
Phytate is a natural dietary content and constitutes 0.4–6.4% (w/w) of most cereals and legumes (Eeckhout and Deaepe, 1994). It is poorly digestible for monogastric animals due to
a lack of effective endogenous phytase (Bitar and Reinhold, 1972). Phytate acts as an antinutritional factor, exerting its effects via a reduction in the solubility, and availability of
phosphorus (P), and to a lesser extent, Ca, Zn, Fe (Nävert et al., 1985; Hallberg et al., 1987; Hurrell et al., 2003). It was also reported that phytate could decrease the utilization of protein,
amino acids and starch. It has been suggested that phytate may bind with starch either directly, via hydrogen bonds, or indirectly, via proteins associated with starch (Thompson,
1988; Rickard and Thompson, 1997). Phytate is also known to inhibit a number of digestive enzymes such as pepsin, alpha-amylase (Deshpande and Cheryan, 1984) and increase mucin
secretion, excretion of endogenous minerals and amino acids in broiler chickens (Liu et al., 2008). Another issue is higher cost of dietary inorganic P which has been increased remarkably in last decade because of shortened phospate sources. Poultry industry has still been growing and reached huge mass production and contribution to environmental pollution has been heightened concerns because of the poor utilization of phytate phosphorus by poultry.
This research evaluated the effect of a novel protease by DSM (RONOZYME® ProAct) on the performance, digestible energy and the ileal digestibility of crude protein, fat, gross energy and amino acids in broiler chickens. Read more to learn about the results.
Visit us at DSM Animal Nutrition and Health to learn more about our business: http://www.dsm.com/markets/anh/en_US/home.html
Feeding strategy
• Animal Requirements change with criteria: need to take into account various parameters to optimise performance
- need to take into account complexity due to variability of response and interaction,
no single dose response
- Availability of new tools to integrate complexity (model for dietary formulaƟon)
• Feed recommendation in sustainable system should integrate three objectives: production performance, environment and welfare
Product quality
• Limited influence on lipid fraction
• Effects on oxidation remains controversial
- anƟoxidant vs pro-oxidant
- interacƟons between level and duration of trace elements dietary level, issue, slaughtering conditions, product packaging and transformation, cooking.
• Good potential of product enrichment in trace mineral but limitation due to Regulation in
animal and human feeding and due to toxicity level for animals
Are proteases beneficial for the environment- Kyriazakis, I. Workshop 3 presented at the Feed Proteases and enzyme seminar, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 2014.
The world demand for seafood is increasing dramatically year by year, although an annual upper limit of 100 million tons is set so as not to exhaust reserves. It is for this reason that there is a considerable move towards modernising and intensifying fish farming. To be economically viable, fish farming must be competitive, which means that feed costs amongst others must be carefully monitored as the operational cost goes 60 percent for feed alone. Therefore selection of cheaper and quality ingredients is of paramount importance for sustainable and economical aquaculture. Identification of suitable alternate protein sources for inclusion in fish feeds becomes imperative to counter the scarcity of fishmeal.
Dr. Dean Boyd - Improving Finish Pig Viability By Using XylanaseJohn Blue
Improving Finish Pig Viability By Using Xylanase - Dr. Dean Boyd, The Hanor Company, from the 2015 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 19-22, 2015, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-leman-swine-conference-material
Overview Of Enzymes - Dr. Pedro Urriola, from the 2015 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 19-22, 2015, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-leman-swine-conference-material
Dr. Young-Dal Jang - Evaluating Nutrient Uplift When Feeding XylanaseJohn Blue
Evaluating Nutrient Uplift When Feeding Xylanase - Dr. Young-Dal Jang, from the 2015 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 19-22, 2015, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-leman-swine-conference-material
Can proteases play a role in enteric health- Langhout, P. Presentation for Workshop 4, at the Feed Proteases and enzyme presentation, The Netherlands, 2014
Protein/amino acids are among the most expensive nutrients to deliver in poultry nutrition
The digestibility of protein in poultry is typically incomplete by the terminal ileum
Undigested protein that leaves the ileum is from both exogenous (diet) and endogenous (bird) sources
Understanding the digestion of dietary proteins and the recovery of endogenous proteins is important and can provide a basis for the use of exogenous proteases
Phytate is a natural dietary content and constitutes 0.4–6.4% (w/w) of most cereals and legumes (Eeckhout and Deaepe, 1994). It is poorly digestible for monogastric animals due to
a lack of effective endogenous phytase (Bitar and Reinhold, 1972). Phytate acts as an antinutritional factor, exerting its effects via a reduction in the solubility, and availability of
phosphorus (P), and to a lesser extent, Ca, Zn, Fe (Nävert et al., 1985; Hallberg et al., 1987; Hurrell et al., 2003). It was also reported that phytate could decrease the utilization of protein,
amino acids and starch. It has been suggested that phytate may bind with starch either directly, via hydrogen bonds, or indirectly, via proteins associated with starch (Thompson,
1988; Rickard and Thompson, 1997). Phytate is also known to inhibit a number of digestive enzymes such as pepsin, alpha-amylase (Deshpande and Cheryan, 1984) and increase mucin
secretion, excretion of endogenous minerals and amino acids in broiler chickens (Liu et al., 2008). Another issue is higher cost of dietary inorganic P which has been increased remarkably in last decade because of shortened phospate sources. Poultry industry has still been growing and reached huge mass production and contribution to environmental pollution has been heightened concerns because of the poor utilization of phytate phosphorus by poultry.
This research evaluated the effect of a novel protease by DSM (RONOZYME® ProAct) on the performance, digestible energy and the ileal digestibility of crude protein, fat, gross energy and amino acids in broiler chickens. Read more to learn about the results.
Visit us at DSM Animal Nutrition and Health to learn more about our business: http://www.dsm.com/markets/anh/en_US/home.html
Feeding strategy
• Animal Requirements change with criteria: need to take into account various parameters to optimise performance
- need to take into account complexity due to variability of response and interaction,
no single dose response
- Availability of new tools to integrate complexity (model for dietary formulaƟon)
• Feed recommendation in sustainable system should integrate three objectives: production performance, environment and welfare
Product quality
• Limited influence on lipid fraction
• Effects on oxidation remains controversial
- anƟoxidant vs pro-oxidant
- interacƟons between level and duration of trace elements dietary level, issue, slaughtering conditions, product packaging and transformation, cooking.
• Good potential of product enrichment in trace mineral but limitation due to Regulation in
animal and human feeding and due to toxicity level for animals
Are proteases beneficial for the environment- Kyriazakis, I. Workshop 3 presented at the Feed Proteases and enzyme seminar, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 2014.
The world demand for seafood is increasing dramatically year by year, although an annual upper limit of 100 million tons is set so as not to exhaust reserves. It is for this reason that there is a considerable move towards modernising and intensifying fish farming. To be economically viable, fish farming must be competitive, which means that feed costs amongst others must be carefully monitored as the operational cost goes 60 percent for feed alone. Therefore selection of cheaper and quality ingredients is of paramount importance for sustainable and economical aquaculture. Identification of suitable alternate protein sources for inclusion in fish feeds becomes imperative to counter the scarcity of fishmeal.
Dr. John Patience - Dietary Fat: It Is Much More Than An Energy Source To The...John Blue
Dietary Fat: It Is Much More Than An Energy Source To The Pig - Dr. John Patience, from the 2015 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 19-22, 2015, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-leman-swine-conference-material
Effect of carbohydrate source and cottonseed meal levelon Feed intake, rumen...Faisal A. Alshamiry
conducted to investigate the effects of locally available carbohydrate sources and cotton-seed meal levels on voluntary feed intake, rumen fermentation, and milk production in lactating dairy cows.
Lori Thomas - The Effect of Parity and Stage of Gestation on Whole Body and M...John Blue
The Effect of Parity and Stage of Gestation on Whole Body and Maternal Growth and Feed Efficiency of Gestating Sows - Lori Thomas, from the 2017 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 16-19, 2017, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2017-leman-swine-conference-material
The objective of a defined feeding management program is to supply a range of balanced diets that satisfy the nutrient requirements at all stages of development & that optimize efficiency and profitability without compromising bird welfare or the environment.
Exogenous carbohydrases such as xylanases, amylases, and glucanases have been reported to improve energy utilization and performance of broiler chickens (Olukosi et al., 2008; Vieira et al., 2015). These enzymes may improve the access of endogenous enzymes to cell contents due to hydrolysis of cell wall arabinoxylans (Kocher et al., 2003) as well as to augment endogenous amylase in young birds (Gracia et al., 2003). Decreases in endogenous amino acid losses may also contribute to the beneficial effects of amylases (Jiang et al., 2008).
Dr. David Rosero - Essential Fatty Acid Nutrition And Seasonal InfertilityJohn Blue
Essential Fatty Acid Nutrition And Seasonal Infertility - Dr. David Rosero, from the 2015 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 19-22, 2015, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-leman-swine-conference-material
Kyle Coble - The Importance Of Implementing A By-Product Withdraw Strategy Pr...John Blue
The Importance Of Implementing A By-Product Withdraw Strategy Prior To Slaughter In Finishing Pigs: A Review Of Strategies That Mitigate The Negative Impact On Carcass Yield - Kyle Coble, from the 2015 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 19-22, 2015, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-leman-swine-conference-material
The food exchange list refers to the food items on each list which may be substituted with any other food item on the same list. A grouping of commonly consumed foods according to similarities in composition so that the foods may be used interchangeably in diet planning.
Program for the III Swine Health Focus Group - A Global Exchange of Ideas on Gut Health in Swine, hosted at the Marriott JW Hotel in Rio de Janeiro, from 30/05/ to 01/06/2017
Presentation during the IV International Symphosium on Nutritional requirements of Poultry and Swine on March 29th - by Gilberto Litta DSM Animal Nutrition.
Main Message of the presentation is the importance of vitamin in Poultry Nutrition as well as the multiple benefits achievable.
Introduction
The mineral content in animal body is 2-5%.
• Most abundant minerals in
body:
– 36-39% Ca (bone ash)
– 17-19% P (bone ash)
Conclusion
STTD Ca requirements for 11 to 25 kg pigs:
– ADG is between 0.36 and 0.56%, G:F is 0.43%
– Bone ash, bone Ca, and bone P is between 0.48 and 0.56%
– Ca retention and P retention is between 0.48 and 0.52%
Recent research on vitamin requirement of modern swine breeds under current husbandry conditions is limited; tabular recommendations may underestimate the actual needs of growing pigs and breeding sows.
Clinical / subclinical vitamin deficiency can still occur within industrial swine production:
optimum vitamin supplementation prevents from deficiency and
exploits the genetic performance potential of swine.
Superior dietary supplementation levels of certain vitamins do provide additional value, such as improved stress and disease resistance, adequate welfare or better product quality.
General conclusions
- Current methods used by the industry to evaluate protein quality are not capable of detecting existing differences among SBM
- The composition and the protein quality of SBM vary with the origin of the bean
- Different matrixes should be used for SBM of different origins, NIR technology might help
- Proteases might improve the uniformity and nutritive value of SBM batches
Conclusions
• Each additive affects microflora in a different manner
• Succesful and Sustentable Additives should contribute to mantain microflora diversity
• Some additives may also affect the host directly, not only the microbial communities
• Effects at host level should be understood and used to improve holistic efficiency
Conclusions of the research:
Feeding 25OHD3 in place of the majority of dietary D3 improved broiler chicken vitamin D status and resulted in
a satellite cell-mediated muscle hypertrophy response in breast (PM), but not thigh (BF) muscles (Hutton et al.,
2013)
The differential response in functionally different muscles as well as the cell signaling mechanisms by which skeletal
muscle satellite cells respond to improved vitamin D status resulting from dietary Hy·D supplementation will
require further investigation.
Research has demonstrated that phytase is the only enzyme that is able to initiate
the release of phosphorus (P) from the phytate molecule, making it available for
absorption and utilization (Selle and Ravindran, 2007). The industrial demand for
phytases with greater potency in intestinal phytate hydrolysis and better heat
stability continues to stimulate the search for new enzyme sources. Enzyme
preparations with phytases derived from A. ficuum, Peniophora lycii and E. coli are
available commercially. More recently, new microbial 6-phytases produced by
synthetic genes, mimicking a gene from C. braakii or isolated from Buttiauxella,
were introduced into the market.
Phytase efficiency to increase phosphorus utilization in
poultry has been proven for decades. In addition,
phytase was demonstrated to improve growth
performance, meat breast weight, amino acids
digestibility and plasma myo-inositol concentration.
The objective of this work was to investigate potential
interactions between phytase supplementation, growth
performance and host gene expression to identify
potential associated biomarkers.
Hatchability is certainly a key performance and profitability
parameter for chick producers. Storing hatching eggs is a
current necessary practice and this can damage hatchability
results. Canthaxanthin, as an antioxidant, is particularly
effective for supporting hatchability. The vitelline membrane
strength (VMS) is very important to the early embryo survival.
The vitelline membrane protects the embryo (pH 6) from the
high pH of the albumen (pH 9.4) and therefore has to be
strong enough. The embryo progressively gets surrounded
by the yolk sac and is totally protected in the yolk sac between
day 3 and 4 of incubation.
Hatchability is certainly a key performance and profitability parameter for chick producers. Storing hatching eggs is a current practice and this can damage hatchability results. Canthaxanthin, as an antioxidant, is particularly effective for supporting hatchability. The vitelline membrane strength (VMS) is very important to the early embryo survival that can-thaxanthin can promote it. The experiment involved a flock of 3,800 breeders (males and females) separated into two adjacent blocks. Feeding experiment started at 18 weeks of age with a control diet as 3000 IU/kg Vitamin D3 and no Carophyll® supplementation and experimental diet as 1,600 IU/kg vitamin D3, 37.5 μg/kg 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (HyD®) & 6 mg/kg canthaxanthin (Carophyll® Red 10%). Vitamin D3 or 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 were not expected to have any influence on the VMS. Eggs were collected at 40/45 weeks and stored 7 days. The VMS was evaluated using a com-pression machine. Stiffness and breaking strength were significantly increased with the supplementation of canthaxan-thin. Thanks to the unique capabilities of high deposition rate in the yolk and singlet oxygen quenching capabilities, canthaxanthin from Carophyll® can improve the VMS in complement to Vitamin E and we hypothesized that it contrib-utes to explain its influence on early embryo viability and hatchability in breeder performance.
We investigated the effects of protease (Ronozyme ProAct, PRO) supplementation on the AID of 3 cereals in the presence or not of a multi-enzyme complex with β-glucanase and β-xylanase activity (GLU+XYL). The AID of most of AA was higher for corn and wheat than for barley. The inclusion of GLU+XYL increased the AID of DM, CP and of all the AA, except Met and Lys. The inclusion of PRO increased the AID of Gly and tended to increase that of most of the other AA. The combination of both enzymes did not improve further AA digestibility any.
Variation in trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) and protein solubility within commercial soybean meals (SBM) is believed to affect animal performance. The objective of this research was to investigate the proteolytic effect of purified pancreatic trypsin/chymotrypsin and a purified protease from Nocardiopsis prasina on 9 commercial SBM samples varying in chemical composition, TIA and protein solubility characteristics. SBM was incubated with or without protease (pH 7, 3 hours, 40°C) and the supernatants were analyzed by SDS-page and for level of free soluble amino ends using the o-phthal-dialdehyde method. SDS-page analysis showed differences in the amount and composition of the soluble protein fraction of the SBM. The proteolytic efficiency of the lower dosages of pancreatic protease varied extensively between SBM batches whereas at the highest dose the efficiency was comparable for all SBM. The difference could not be explained by differences in protein solubility and TIA values as isolated variables, but the data strongly suggest that the hydrolysis of soya protein by pancreatic proteases depends on the commercial batch of SBM used. Incubation with N. prasina protease showed similar response for the different SBM, the main difference being a somewhat lower effect at high protease dose for one of the SBM batches, which might be in part explained by its distinct lower protein solubility
Viscosity reduction by three feed enzymes was measured in a high throughput pressure sensing system using commercial dosages on purified polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and ß-glucan). Fluorescence and antibody microscopy techniques were also used to visualize effects on the solubilisation of endosperm cell walls of wheat and barley.
Viscosity data clearly demonstrated depolymerisation of mixed-linked ß-glucans by the two multicomponent enzymes. The two multicomponent enzymes also reduced the viscosity of the arabinoxylan solution, while the monocomponent xylanase most effectively depolymerised the arabinoxylan. Microscopy data revealed that the multicomponent enzyme chosen for the studies could solubilize barley cell walls by targeting both the ß-glucan strutures as well as the arabinoxylans. The xylanase could effectively solubilise barley cell walls by merely attacking the arabinoxylans.
>Since the ban of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in the European Union, the industry has been looking for valid alternatives to improve health, immune status and performance in animal agriculture.
>The industry focuses on developing solutions that mimic the effects of AGPs. However, the exact mode of action of the AGPs to improve poultry performance is not fully understood.
Most AGPs alternatives try to prevent the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and to modulate indigenous bacteria to improve immune status and performance.
>As an industry, we have made limited progress in improving gut health. Maybe we need to change the approach to find the most optimal solution.
>As part of a stable ecological system, pathogens per se do not represent a threat to animal health. The dynamic nature of the gastrointestinal microflora in chickens makes maintaining the right balance in the microbial ecosystem.
>Despite a large amount of scientific work has been done on the topic, a lack of consistent improvement has been registered.
>To improve gut health more consistently, a broader approach, involving a combination of nutrition, feed technology and husbandry management needs to be taken.
>In addition, gut-health is too complex to be solved from
only one point of view. Input should be obtained from different disciplines, including food technology, human nutrition, veterinary and human medical sciences.
>DSM will start an holistic program to come to tailor made solutions to improve the gut ecosystem with the objective of reducing the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry.
A holistic approach to poultry gut health - Arie Kies
Relevance of human gut research to poultry health - Jan Sikkema
Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics - Michel Jacques Duclos
http://www.dsm.com/markets/anh/en_US/home.html
Presented at a DSM customer event organized in Village Neuf, France on June 2013: Exploring the benefits of feed carotenoids for egg quality.
Yves Nys-Feeding laying hens and egg quality-Focus on carotenoids.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
insect taxonomy importance systematics and classification
Use of proteases the Brazilian experience- Rostagno et al Amsterdam 2014
1. Rodrigo Messias1, Sandra Salguero1, José O. Sorbara2,
Luiz F. Albino1, Horacio S. Rostagno1
1. Department of Animal Science
Federal University of Viçosa. Brazil
2. Enzymes Manager - DSM
São Paulo - Brazil
88 years
USE OF PROTEASES:
THE BRAZILIAN EXPERIENCE
2. Introduction.
Full Fat Soybean, Soybean Meal, Corn-Soy Diet
Ileal Amino Acids Experiments
Metabolizable Energy Experiments
Proact Contribution: Amino Acids, Metab. Energy
Proact Utilization in Broiler Diets
Final Considerations
PROTEASES
?
USE OF PROTEASES:
THE BRAZILIAN EXPERIENCE
3. Effect of Proact on ileal amino acids digestibility of full fat
soybean (Expt 1), soybean meal (Expt 2) and a
corn-soybean diet (Expt 1 & 2) for broilers.
Experiment 1 & 2
4. EXPERIMENT 1
Without With Proact
PFD PFD
PFD + FFSB PFD + FFSB
Corn-Soy Diet 1 Corn-Soy Diet 1
Proact and ileal amino acids digestibility of full fat soybean,
soybean meal and a corn-soybean diet for broiler chickens.
EXPERIMENT 2
Without With Proact
PFD PFD
PFD + SBM PFD + SBM
Corn-Soy Diet 2 Corn-Soy Diet 2
PFD: Protein Free Diet. FFSB: Full Fat Soybean. SBM: Soybean Meal
Proact: 200 g/ton
7. Amino Acid (%) Full Fat Soybean Corn-Soy Diet 1
Lysine 2.111 1.196
Methionine 0.547 0.695
Met + Cys 0.945 1.003
Threonine 1.492 0.933
Arginine 2.932 1.373
Valine 1.510 0.906
Isoleucine 1.572 0.871
Crude Protein 36.02 21.98
Experiment 1 – Analyzed Composition of Full Fat Soybean and
the Corn-Soy Diet 1 (% as fed basis)
FFSB: Fat: 19 %; Urease: 0.04: Protein Solubility in KOH: 77.9%
8. Amino Acid (%) Soybean Meal Corn-Soy Diet 2
Lysine 2.572 1.320
Methionine 0.523 0.540
Met + Cys 1.100 0.832
Threonine 1.850 0.865
Arginine 3.408 1.577
Valine 2.153 1.043
Isoleucine 1.675 0.807
Crude Protein 46.700 22.047
Experiment 2 – Analyzed Composition of Soybean Meal and
the Corn-Soy Diet 2 (% as fed basis)
SBM: Fat: 1.13 %; Urease: 0.09: Protein Solubility in KOH: 82.02%
9. Metabolism Cages.
Broilers: 252 Cobb 500 males
Experimental Period: Expt 1:
12- 22 days; Expt 2 14-23 days
Ileal Digesta Collection: Day
22/23 (terminal ileum)
Proact and ileal amino acids digestibility of full fat soybean,
soybean meal and a corn-soybean diet for broiler chickens.
10. Results
Experiments 1 & 2
Proact and ileal amino acids digestibility of full fat soybean,
soybean meal and a corn-soybean diet for broiler chickens.
13. Amino Acid
Experiment 1 Experiment 2
Without Proact Index Without Proact Index
Lysine 88.0 91.4** 103.9 82.0 87.7** 107.0
Methionine 95.6 97.1** 101.6 93.4 94.1 Int 100.7
Met + Cys 87.4 92.6** 105.9 86.9 89.0 Int 102.4
Threonine 80.6 89.3** 110.8 73.8 79.3** 107.5
Arginine 88.4 93.5** 105.8 85.8 88.1** 102.7
Valine 85.5 90.4** 105.7 74.4 83.0** 111.6
Isoleucine 85.4 90.0** 105.4 76.7 83.6** 109.0
Crude Protein 85.2 90.1** 105.8 79.9 83.5** 104.5
Corn-Soy Diets 1 & 2:
Amino Acids Standardized Ileal Dig. Coeffs for Broilers
Index: Without = 100; ANOVA: * P<0.05; ** P<0.01;
Int: Interaction Diet x Proact
87.0 91.8 105.5 81.6 86.0 105.4
14. Effect of Proact on the metabolizable energy of full fat
soybean (Expt 3), soybean meal (Expt 4) and a
corn-soybean diet (Expt 3 & 4) for broilers.
Experiment 3 & 4
15. EXPERIMENT 3
Without With Proact
T1 C-S Diet 1 T2 C-S Diet 1
T3 C-S1+FFSB T4 C-S1+FFSB
EXPERIMENT 4
Without With Proact
T1 C-S Diet 2 T2 C-S Diet 2
T3 C-S2+SBM T4 C-S2+SBM
FFSB: Full Fat Soybean. SBM: Soybean Meal
Proact: 200 g/ton
Effect of Proact on the Metabolizable Energy of Full Fat Soybean,
Soybean Meal and a Corn Soybean (C-S) Diet for Broilers
70% C-S1 + 30% FFSB 70% C-S2 + 30% SBM
16. Metabolism Cages.
Broilers: 168 Cobb 500 males
Experimental Period: Expt 1:
12- 22 days; Expt 2 14-23 days
Total Collection of Excreta:
Last 4 days.
Proact and Metabolizable Energy of full fat soybean,
soybean meal and a corn-soybean diet for broiler chickens.
17. Results
Experiments 3 & 4
Effect of Proact on the Metabolizable Energy of Full Fat Soybean,
Soybean Meal and a Corn Soybean (C-S) Diet for Broilers
18. Experiment 3: Corn Soy Diet 1
Mean values of Apparent Metabolizable Energy (AME) and
N Corrected Metabolizable Energy (AMEn) (kcal/kg as fed)
2884
2932 2970
2847
+ Proact + ProactWithout Without
+ 38 +37
AME (ns) AMEn (ns)
Corn – Soy Diet 1 (kcal/kg as fed)
19. Experiment 3: Full Fat Soybean
Mean values of Apparent Metabolizable Energy (AME) and
N Corrected Metabolizable Energy (AMEn) (kcal/kg as fed)
33073313
3453
3162
+ Proact + ProactWithout Without
+140 +145
AME (p<0.08) AMEn (p<0.07)
Full Fat Soybean (kcal/kg as fed)
20. Experiment 4: Corn Soy Diet 2
Mean values of Apparent Metabolizable Energy (AME) and
N Corrected Metabolizable Energy (AMEn) (kcal/kg as fed)
2921
2936 2970
2889
+ Proact + ProactWithout Without
+ 34 +32
AME (ns) AMEn (ns)
Corn – Soy Diet 2 (kcal/kg as fed)
21. Experiment 4: Soybean Meal
Mean values of Apparent Metabolizable Energy (AME) and
N Corrected Metabolizable Energy (AMEn) (kcal/kg as fed)
22432271
2314
2200
+ Proact + ProactWithout Without
+ 43 + 43
AME (ns) AMEn (ns)
Soybean Meal (kcal/kg as fed)
22. Contribution of Proact to the Content of SID Amino Acids
and AMEn of FFSB, SBM and a Corn-Soy Diet for Broilers
23. Amino Acid (%) /
AMEn (kcal/kg)
FFSB
FFSB +
Proact
Proact
Contribution
Lysine 1.824 1.879 0.055
Methionine 0.489 0.505 0.016
Met + Cys 0.755 0.819 0.064
Threonine 1.170 1.252 0.082
Arginine 2.586 2.700 0.114
Valine 1.265 1.291 0.026
Isoleucine 1.330 1.366 0.036
Crude Protein 31.373 32.526 1.153
AMEn 3162 3307 145
Proact Contribution: FFSB+Proact - FFSB.
FULL FAT SOYBEAN: Contribution of Proact to the Content of
SID Amino Acids and AMEn for Broilers (% or kcal/kg as fed)
Proact: 200 g/ton
24. Amino Acid (%) /
AMEn (kcal/kg)
SBM
SBM
+ Proact
Proact
Contribution
Lysine 2.166 2.318 0.152
Methionine 0.464 0.487 0.023
Met + Cys 0.920 0.968 0.048
Threonine 1.462 1.626 0.164
Arginine 3.122 3.254 0.132
Valine 1.705 1.940 0.235
Isoleucine 1.354 1.513 0.159
Crude Protein 40.255 42.637 2.382
AMEn 2200 2243 43
SOYBEAN MEAL: Contribution of Proact to the Content of SID
Amino Acids and AMEn for Broilers (% or kcal/kg as fed)
Proact Contribution: SBM+Proact - SBM. Proact: 200 g/ton
25. Amino Acid (%)
Corn-Soy
Diet 1 & 2
Corn-Soy Diet
1 & 2 + Proact
Proact
Contribution
Lysine 1.067 1.125 0.058
Methionine 0.584 0.501 0.008
Met + Cys 0.800 0.834 0.034
Threonine 0.695 0.759 0.064
Arginine 1.283 1.336 0.053
Valine 0.775 0.842 0.067
Isoleucine 0.681 0.729 0.048
Crude Protein 18.18 19.11 0.930
AMEn 2868 2921 35
CORN- SOY DIET 1 & 2: Contribution of Proact to the Content of
SID Amino Acids and AMEn for Broilers (% or kcal/kg as fed)
Proact Contribution: Corn-Soy Diet+Proact – Corn-Soy Diet (2 Expts)
Proact: 200 g/ton
27. Starting Wt, g 42
Slaughter, Days 44
Daily Wt Gain, g 63
Feed Conversion 1.750
Slaughter Wt, g
Feed Intake, g
Total Wt Gain, g
Phases Days Intake g Gain, g Conv ME, kcal/kg
Pre-Starter 1-10
Starter 10-21
Grower 21-36
Finisher 36-44
Total 1-44
Sex: Males & Females
Temperature: 210C
COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR BROILER FEEDING
28. Starting Wt, g 42
Slaughter, Days 44
Daily Wt Gain, g 63
Feed Conversion 1.750
Slaughter Wt, g 2772
Feed Intake, g 4851
Total Wt Gain, g 2730
Phases Days Intake kg Gain, kg Conv ME, kcal/kg
Pre-Starter 1-10 0.279 0.239 1.164 2975
Starter 10-21 0.822 0.596 1.379 3025
Grower 21-36 2.417 1.337 1.807 3125
Finisher 36-44 1.334 0.599 2.226 3200
Total 1-44 4.851 2.772 1.750
Sex: Males & Females
Temperature: 210C
COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR BROILER FEEDING
32. Without Proact With Proact
(AAs+ME
With Proact
(AAs)
Info. Costs Diet,
Euro/kg
Euro /
Phase
Diet,
Euro/kg
Euro /
Phase
Diet,
Euro/kg
Euro /
Phase
Pre-Starter 0.266 0.074 0.260 0.073 0.263 0.073
Starter 0.255 0.210 0.246 0.202 0.250 0.206
Grower 0.250 0.604 0.241 0.283 0.244 0.590
Finisher 0.247 0.329 0.238 0.318 0.241 0.322
Total/Broiler 1.217 1.176 1.190
Broiler Weight: 2.772 kg
Broiler Feeding Costs Without and With Proact
Difference Without – Proact (AAs+ME): 1.217 – 1.176 = 0.041 Euro/ Broiler.
Difference Without – Proact (AAs): 1.217 – 1.190 = 0.027 Euro/ Broiler.
33. Final Considerations
Results of two experiments with broilers showed that Proact
improves the amino acids SID of FFSB, SBM and a Corn-Soy
diet on average 4, 8 and 5%, respectively.
The positive effect of Proact varies from a minimum of 1% to
a maximum of 12%, depending upon the amino acid.
Proact increased numerically the AMEn of FFSB, SBM and a
Corn-Soy diet on average 145, 43 and 35 kcal/kg,
respectively.
A simulation using Brazilian prices, Proact reduced feeding
cost 0.041 and 0.027 Euro/broiler, when considering AAs+ME
or AAs contribution, respectively.
USE OF PROTEASES: THE BRAZILIAN EXPERIENCE
34. 88 Years of Teaching Research and Extension
Thanks
1926
2014