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4. Feedworks_Conference_2022INHUBER_FINAL.pptx
- 3. Bodybuilding and Sports….More than that!
- 4. 4 Glycine L- Arginine Guanidinoacetic acid Creatine Phosphocreatine L-Ornithine Guanidinoacetate N- Methyltransferase (GAMT) Arginine-Glycine-Amidinotransferase(AGAT) ATP ADP S-Adenosyl-Methionine S-Adenosyl-Homocysteine 131.1 g/mol 75.1 g/mol 174.2 g/mol 117.1 g/mol CREATINE is of critical importance for energy balance in cells. The Cr-PCr system works to counter ATP shortage, successive ATP reduction, the formation of free radicals and ultimate cell death effectively and with a high degree of sensitivity. Creatine Metabolism
- 5. Vivienne Inhuber Technical Salesand Research Manager GAA RECENT INSIGHTS FROM AROUND THE WORLD Feedworks Conference Twinwaters Sept 16th, 2022
- 7.
- 8. GAA leads toincreased breast meat yield 8 Bodyweight (g) Breast Weight (g) Δ breast weight (g) Journal Paper Description Control GAA Control GAA GAA supplementation Michiels et al., 2013 2,369 2,707 776 823 47.0 Córdova-Noboa et al., 2018 Heavy birds (d56) 4917 5,006 1,576 1608 32.0 Boney et al., 2019 Animal Protein diet 2,744 2,756 729.9 795.2 65.3 Veggie Protein diet 2,722 2,773 776.8 802.1 25.3 Ceylan et al., 2021 2,812 2,883 965.2 999.5 34.3 Sharma et al., 2022 Low Protein diets 3,142 3,184 647.7 673.5 25.8 Average 2,855 2,899 779.9 817.6 37.7 ↑ concentration of intramuscular phosphocreatine ↑ Cellular water content and holding capacity ↑ fat oxidation Creatine 95–98% is stored in skeletal muscle as phosphocreatine ↑ myonuclei and hence, muscle fibre growth increase in BM yield!
- 9. Improve Breast MeatYield and Quality 9 PERFORMANCE Significant improvement of FCR Maynard et al., 2022 (under review)
- 10. Improve Breast MeatYield and Quality 10 a a b 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Control Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Control Treatment 1 Treatment 2 a ab b 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Control Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Control Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Woody Breast White Striping Significant reduction in WS and WB occurence Maynard et al., 2022 (under review)
- 11. Energy dependent metabolicprocesses
- 12. OPTIMIZATION OF ENERGY DEPENDENT PROCESSES (energytransport and energy storage) Spare dietary energy (AMEN) 12 € GAA spares 80 kcal/kg feed and still delivers ‚on top‘ performance Rivera et al., 2022
- 13. 13 € Journal Paper Matrix ValueGAA (0.06% supplementation) Genetic Age Result Adubados et al., 2014 50 kcal Ross 308 35 d FCR – 4 pts Yapontsev et al., 2017 50 kcal Cobb 500 35 d BWG +31 g FCR -5 pts Butolo et al., 2017 50 kcal (0,1%) Cobb 500 40 d BWG + 31 g FCR -2 pts Ceylan et al., 2021 50 kcal 100 kcal Ross 308 43 d BWG + 16 g FCR – 1.1 Petroli et al., 2021 75 kcal Cobb 500 42 d Economically feasible Rivera et al., 2022 80 kcal Ross 308 35 d BWG + 21 g FCR -2 pts Butolo et al., 2022 100 kcal Ross AP 95 40 d = PC Calderano et al., 2019 Regression analysis Cobb 500 42 d 88,5 kcal OPTIMIZATION OF ENERGY DEPENDENT PROCESSES (energy transport and energy storage) GAA spares… 50 kcal/kg feed and brings on top performance 100 kcal/kg feed € Spare dietary energy (AMEN)
- 14.
- 15. Spare Arginine 15 € Treatments (d11-d42) Sharmaet al., 2022 GAA Matrix value: 149% Arg, performance maintencane <149% + ‚on top‘ performance
- 16. Spare Arginine 16 € Sharma etal., 2022 Breast Meat Creatine Concentration Our results showed that 1 kg/MT of added L-Arg can be spared by GAA at 150% in moderately low CP diets without affecting growth performance and an additional payback through 27 g increased breast meat yield.
- 17. Extra energy fora healthy start into life?
- 18. 18 in ovo-feeding as ascientific model 0.076 0.167 0.243 0.092 0.254 0.346 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 albumen yolk total egg Creatine concentration (mg/kg) Control Control + 0.15% GAA Feeding GAA to breeder hens leads to increased egg Creatine concentrations! Reicher et al., 2021 Improve hatchling vitality – via Creamino for breeder hens! SCIENTIFIC MODEL
- 19. 19 INCUBATION E1 – E21 Majorpart of the lifespan of a modern broiler chicken YOLK SAC LIVER BREAST MUSCLE Main source of protein to supply AA for gluconeogenesis Relatively large, therefore has high energy storage capacity Incorporate various metabolic pathways and enzymes (gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, TCA cycle and more) A main source of glucose for the embryo Mediates yolk nutrients for the developing embryo A multifunctional metabolic organ KEY TISSUES for the Broiler embryo Dayan et al., 2022 (under review) d35…40…42…56 Improve hatchling vitality – via Creamino for breeder hens! SCIENTIFIC MODEL
- 20. 20 increase in creatinelevels towards hatch in the breast muscle, YS tissue and liver At chick placement, creatine levels are decreased in the liver and YS tissue Creatine is stored mainly in the breast muscle. At chick placement, the high creatine levels in the breast muscle serve as available energy source. Dayan et al., 2022 (under review) Improve hatchling vitality – via Creamino for breeder hens! SCIENTIFIC MODEL
- 21. 21 There is anincrease in glycogen levels up to E17- E19, in the breast muscle, YS tissue and liver Towards hatch, glycogen levels are sharply decreased in the breast muscle, YS tissue and liver Glycogen is stored mainly in the YS tissue. The sharp decrease in glycogen levels at hatch and chick placement implies on energy limitation in hatchlings Dayan et al., 2022 (under review) Improve hatchling vitality – via Creamino for breeder hens! SCIENTIFIC MODEL
- 22. 22 Dayan et al.,2022 (under review) Creatine Glycogen When glycogen levels are depleted, creatine serves as the available energy source to late term embryos and hatchlings Improve hatchling vitality – via Creamino for breeder hens! SCIENTIFIC MODEL
- 23. 23 Method 400 fertile eggs(average size 45g) from young Ross 308 breeder hens (27-29 weeks) Separated into three treatment groups: N =133 Negative control (no injection) N = 133 Vehicle control (0.75% saline) N = 134 Treatment (8.16 mg creatine monohydrate in 0.75% saline) Embryonic injection at day 14 Standard incubation conditions until hatch Slides kindly provided by Bec Forder/Corey-Ann Firman Firman et al., 2022 (under review) Hatchability Improve hatchling vitality – via Creamino for breeder hens! SCIENTIFIC MODEL
- 24. Extra energy forstart into life?
- 25. Sow and Piglets– Performance 25 Schuh et al., 2022 Animals 96 high-prolific sows Treatments 3 experimental phases: starting with insemination, 2 phase feeding (typical German feed): Gestation: 45.0% barley, 22.0% wheat, 3.5% soybean meal (CP48), 9.6% canola meal, 4.8% wheat bran, 10.1% fibre mix | 12.2 MJ ME (9.0 MJ NE), 14.4% CP Lactation: 32.0% barley, 32.0% wheat, 12.5% soybean meal (CP48), 7.7% canola meal, 3.4% wheat bran, 3.7% fibre mix | 13.2 MJ ME (9.9 MJ NE), 16.5% CP GAA was added using the medicine dosing technique of the farm T1: Control T2: Control + 0.10% GAA Parameters sows’ and piglets’ performance, milk composition and quality (BRIX), IUGR scoring
- 26. Sow and Piglets– Performance 26 Schuh et al., 2022 Control 0.10% GAA p-value n | parity number 34 | 3.7±2.1 40 | 4.3±3.4 FARROWING (d115) litter size (n) 20 22.1 0.05 live born (n) 17.4 18.6 <0.08 mummified (n) 1.6 1.4 0.93 dead born (n) 3.1 3.5 0.84 piglet weight (kg) 1.3 1.2 0.14 litter weight (kg) 24.5 24.7 0.41 litter weight - live born (kg) 21.7 22 0.37 LACTATION (d21) litter size (n) 12.4 12.5 0.34 piglet weight (kg) 6 6.2 0.16 litter weight (kg) 74.8 77.7 <0.05 daily weight gain (g/d) 195.3 201.2 0.58 GAA supplemented to sow feed leads to more live born piglets increased litter weight
- 27. Sow and Piglets– better start into life with GAA? 27 Schuh et al., 2022 COLOSTRUM * = p < 0.05 ** = p < 0.01 *** = p < 0.001 Effects of GAA supplementation to a sow‘s diet on amino acid condentrations (%) in sow milk Significant increase in sow milk AA concentrations due to GAA supplementation!
- 28. Sow and Piglets– Performance: STUDY I 28 Schuh et al., 2022 GAA-SUPPLEMENTED SOWS: MILK • colostrum CP concentration (p = 0.01) • BRIX (refractrometer) value (day 21 milk) (p < 0.01) • DM content (p = 0.064) • DM content in milk throughout the experiment (p > 0.05) Normal (left) and growth restricted piglet (right), Hales et al., 2013 Normal (left) and growth restricted piglet (right), Schneider, 2020 PIGLETS • Control: Higher (p = 0.08) number of piglets with < 1.5 kg at birth • GAA: Less (p = 0.01) IUGR piglets PERFORMANCE • No significant differences in body weight losses • Significantly higher feed intake of Control sows in early lactation
- 29. Improve performance withCreamino ‚on top‘! 29 Animals: 412 pigs Topigs TN70 x Danbred Duroc, sexes were separated Treatments: 2 treatments (9 replicates each), typical commercial diets (17.3% CP, 16.1% CP) - Basal diet - Basal diet + 0.076% Creamino® grower and 0.062% Creamino® finisher Feeding program: 2-phase feeding program, liquid feeding Duration: approx. 35 kg – 120 kg Customer Trial I, Scandinavia - 2022
- 30. 30 Customer Trial I,Scandinavia - 202 Control Creamino Weight at arrival (kg) 34.3 35.2 Weight last day (kg) 115.5 119.5 Carcass weight (kg) 87,2 88,6 Daily weight gain (g) 1,091 1,110 Feed intake (FU/pig and day) 3.00 2.81 FCR (FU/kg gain) 2.75 2.53 FCR (MJ Nek/kg) 26.4 24.3 lean meat % 57.5 Control 58.28 Creamino Even in high –performing animals, GAA ,significantly‘ improves FCR Improve performance with Creamino ‚on top‘!
- 31. 31 Customer Trial II,Scandinavia - 2022 Animals: 560 pigs Topigs TN70 x Danbred Duroc, sexes were not separated Treatments: 2 treatments, typical commercial diets (17.3% CP, 16.1% CP) - Basal diet - Basal diet + 0.076% Creamino® grower and 0.062% Creamino® finisher Feeding program: 2-phase feeding program, liquid feeding Duration: approx. 35 kg – 120 kg Improve performance with Creamino ‚on top‘!
- 32. 32 Customer Trial II,Scandinavia - 2022 Control Creamino Weight at arrival (kg) 35.0 Weight last day (kg) 119.33 118.67 Carcass weight (kg) 89.5 89.0 Daily gain (g) 1089 1129 Feed intake (FU/pig/day) 2.99 2.90 FCR (FU/kg gain) 2.74 2.57 FCR (MJ NEk/kg) 26.3 24.6 Feed cost (/t) 310.40 314.40 Feed cost (/pig) 73.76 70.90 Profit/pig € 14.90 18.60 weight at arrival over both groups Creamino: 74.11 days duration Control: 77.44 days duration - 3.33 days Improve performance with Creamino ‚on top‘!
- 33. 33 Lealiifano et al.,2021 Rivalea (JBS), Australia G/F Pigs - Improve performance with Creamino ‚on top‘! Creamino supplementation (kg/t) P-Value 0 0.33 0.66 1.0 SEM ANOV A Creami no d0 – d63 Weight (at start) kg 27.6 27.6 27.6 27.6 0.533 Weight (d63) kg 80.0 80.7 79.7 79.3 0.89 0.406 0.888 Daily gain kg/d 0.858 0.869 0.854 0.847 0.016 0.406 0.841 Feed:Gain 2.24a 2.16b 2.21ab 2.21ab 0.016 0.087 0.030 Daily intake kg/d 1.922 1.896 1.883 1.874 0.020 0.183 0.036 d0 - SALE Weight (at sale) kg 97.1ab 98.6b 97.1ab 96.4a 0.827 0.121 0.511 Daily gain kg/d 0.901ab 0.921b 0.902ab 0.893a 0.007 0.122 0.669 Feed:Gain 2.36b 2.30a 2.32ab 2.35b 0.016 0.026 0.035 Daily Intake kg/d 2.128 2.122 2.096 2.093 0.018 0.415 0.141 Main effect of dietary Creamino level on pig growth performance in growing/finishing pigs (27-97 kg) improved Feed:Gain
- 34. 34 Lealiifano et al.,2021 Rivalea (JBS), Australia G/F Pigs - Improve performance with Creamino ‚on top‘! Main effect of dietary Creamino level on meat quality in growing/finishing pigs (27-97 kg) Creamino supplementation (kg/t) P-Value 0 0.33 0.66 1.0 SEM ANOVA Creamino pH 45 min 6.50a 6.47a 6.45ab 6.34b 0.016 0.040 0.08 pH 90 min 6.24ab 6.20ab 6.25a 6.15b 0.017 0.132 0.316 pH 3 hr 5.98 5.97 5.99 5.92 0.015 0.394 0.622 pH 6 hour 5.78 5.83 5.80 5.75 0.114 0.195 0.124 pH 24 hour 5.62 5.65 5.66 5.66 0.010 0.406 0.659 Deg C 45 min 37.5 37.3 37.2 36.8 0.135 0.327 0.215 Deg C 90 min 30.2 29.4 29.7 29.3 0.161 0.187 0.054 Dec C 3 hr 18.3 18.1 17.7 17.6 0.175 0.436 0.215 Deg C 6 hr 10.7a 9.5b 9.7b 8.9b 0.014 0.002 0.001 Deg C 24 hour 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.2 0.058 0.139 1.00 Colour 10 min L 49.75 48.29 48.32 48.50 0.217 0.050 0.005 Colour 10 min a 5.67 5.61 5.48 5.61 0.080 0.870 0.577 Colour 10 min b 2.74 2.26 2.35 2.33 0.074 0.086 0.011 Drip loss % 6.50a 4.83b 5.91ab 5.72ab 0.248 0.121 0.028 Evap Loss 90.6 90.5 90.3 90.4 0.813 0.612 0.278 - Reduction in pH (45 and 90 min) - Reduction in drip loss
- 36. Vivienne Inhuber vivienne.inhuber@alzchem.com THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION! Many thanks to the … University of Adelaide University of New England Poultry Hub Australia Feedworks! University of Arkansas Hebrew University Israel University of Sao Paolo and customers from all over the globe for „producing“/providing all the data!
- 37. Recommended doses inswine 37 © Alzchem Group AG / Nov 2021 Piglet (post weaning) Inclusion rate: 0.09% Creamino® Increased BWG, reduced FCR Grower/finisher pigs Inclusion rate: 0.06%-0.10% Creamino® Increased BWG, reduced FCR Improved meat quality (drip loss, lean meat) Sows Inclusion rate: 0.10% Creamino® Increased litter size Better milk quality and yield Reduced weight loss during lactation
Editor's Notes
- #5 When large amounts of energy are required, due to e.g. movement, growth, stress or lack of oxygen, expended adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be immediately regenerated.
- #10 dArg/dLys: 1.09/1.09/1.07/1.06
- #11 dArg/dLys: 1.09/1.09/1.07/1.06
- #16 In this study, 1 kg/MT of added L-Arg in low CP diet was replaced with GAA at replacement rates of 50 (2.0 kg/MT), 100 (1.0 kg/ MT), and 150% (0.067 kg/MT) CP Levels: 23.3, 21.5, 19.7 (20.0 and 18.2)