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2
Санамж:
3
Комплекс тооны бодит
тооноос ялгагдах гол
онцлог нь хоёр комплекс
тоог бодит тоонд байдаг их
ба бага тэмдэгээр
харьцуулж болдоггүй.
ADD A FOOTER 4
Комплекс тооны нэмэх үйлдлийн хувьд бодит тооны
нэмэх үйлдийн чанар (хууль) биелнэ.
1. 2 + 3𝑖 + 1 + 2𝑖 + 3 + 5𝑖 =
2 + 3𝑖 + 1 + 3 + 2 + 5 𝑖 =
2 + 3𝑖 + 4 + 7𝑖 = 2 + 4 +
3 + 7 𝑖 = 𝟔 + 𝟏𝟎𝒊
2. 2 + 3𝑖 + 1 + 2𝑖 + 3 + 5𝑖 =
2 + 1 + 3 + 2 𝑖 + 3 + 5𝑖 =
3 + 5𝑖 + 3 + 5𝑖 = 3 + 3 +
5 + 5 𝑖 = 𝟔 + 𝟏𝟎𝒊
ADD A FOOTER 5
3 + 4𝑖 + 5 + 6𝑖
= 3 + 5 4 + 6 𝑖 = 𝟖 + 𝟏𝟎𝒊
5 + 6𝑖 + 3 + 4𝑖
= 5 + 3 + 6 + 4 𝑖 = 𝟖 + 𝟏𝟎𝒊
3 + 4𝑖 + 0 = 3 + 4𝑖
0 + 3 + 4𝑖 = (3 + 4𝑖)
ADD A FOOTER 7
ADD A FOOTER 8
Тодорхойлолт:
𝒂 + 𝒃𝒊, 𝒄 + 𝒅𝒊, 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄, 𝒅 ∈
ℛ байх хоёр комплекс тоог 𝒂 + 𝒃𝒊 𝒄 + 𝒅𝒊 =
𝒂𝒄 − 𝒃𝒅 + 𝒂𝒅 + 𝒃𝒄 𝒊 гэсэн дүрмээр үржүүлнэ.
Жишээ бодлого:
𝒂 + 𝒃𝒊 𝒄 + 𝒅𝒊 = 𝒂𝒄 − 𝒃𝒅 + 𝒂𝒅 + 𝒃𝒄 𝒊
1. 𝟒 + 𝟓𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊 = 𝟒 × 𝟐 − 𝟓 × −𝟑 + 𝟒 × −𝟑 + 𝟓 × 𝟐 𝒊 = 𝟐𝟑 − 𝟐𝒊
2. 𝟐 − 𝒊 𝟓 − 𝟒𝒊 = 𝟐 × 𝟓 − −𝟏 × −𝟒 + 𝟐 × −𝟒 + −𝟏 × 𝟓 𝒊 = 𝟔 − 𝟏𝟑𝒊
3. 𝟓 − 𝟑𝒊 𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊 = 𝟓 × 𝟐 − −𝟑 × 𝟑 + 𝟓 × 𝟑 + −𝟑 × 𝟐 𝒊 = 𝟏𝟗 + 𝟗𝒊
КОМПЛЕКС ТООНЫ ҮРЖҮҮЛЭХ ҮЙЛДЛИЙН ЧАНАРУУД:
ADD A FOOTER 9
𝒛 = 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 𝒔 = 𝟐 − 𝟒𝒊 𝒛𝒔 = 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟒𝒊 = 𝟑 × 𝟐 − 𝟐 × −𝟒 + 𝟑 × −𝟒 + 𝟐 × 𝟐 𝒊 = 𝟏𝟒 − 𝟖𝒊
𝒔𝒛 = 𝟐 − 𝟒𝒊 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 = 𝟐 × 𝟑 − −𝟒 × 𝟐 + 𝟐 × 𝟐 + −𝟒 × 𝟑 𝒊 = 𝟏𝟒 − 𝟖𝒊 ZS=SZ байна.
𝒛 = 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 𝒔 = 𝟐 − 𝒊 𝒕 = 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒊
𝒛𝒔 𝒕 = 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 𝟐 − 𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒊 = 𝟑 × 𝟐 − 𝟐 × −𝟏 + 𝟑 × −𝟏 + 𝟐 × 𝟐 𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒊 =
𝟖 + 𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒊 = 𝟖 × 𝟐 − 𝟏 × −𝟐 + 𝟖 × −𝟐 + 𝟏 × 𝟐 𝒊 = 𝟏𝟖 − 𝟏𝟒𝐢
𝒛 𝒔𝒕 = 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 𝟐 − 𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒊 = 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 𝟐 × 𝟐 − −𝟏 × −𝟐 + 𝟐 × −𝟐 + −𝟏 × 𝟐 𝒊
= 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟔𝒊 = 𝟑 × 𝟐 − 𝟐 × −𝟔 + 𝟑 × −𝟔 + 𝟐 × 𝟐 𝒊 = 𝟏𝟖 − 𝟏𝟒𝒊 𝒛𝒔 𝒕 = 𝒛 𝒔𝒕 байна.
КОМПЛЕКС ТООНЫ ҮРЖҮҮЛЭХ ҮЙЛДЛИЙН ЧАНАРУУД:
ADD A FOOTER 10
𝒛 = 𝟐 + 𝒊 𝒔 = 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 𝒕 = 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊
𝒛 𝒔 + 𝒕 = 𝟐 + 𝒊 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 + 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊 = 𝟐 + 𝒊 𝟓 − 𝐢 = (𝟐 × 𝟓 − 𝟏 × −𝟏 + 𝟐 × −𝟏 + 𝟏 × 𝟓 𝒊 = 𝟏𝟏 + 𝟑𝒊
𝒛𝒔 + 𝒛𝒕 = 𝟐 + 𝒊 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 + 𝟐 + 𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊 = 𝟐 × 𝟑 − 𝟏 × 𝟐 + 𝟐 × 𝟐 + 𝟏 × 𝟑 𝒊 +
+ 𝟐 × 𝟐 − 𝟏 × −𝟑 + 𝟐 × −𝟑 + 𝟏 × 𝟐 = 𝟒 + 𝟕𝒊 + 𝟕 − 𝟒𝒊 = 𝟏𝟏 + 𝟑𝒊
𝒛 𝒔 + 𝒕 = 𝒛𝒔 + 𝒛𝒕 байна.
11
Комплекс тооны натурал
тоон зэрэг 𝑧𝑛
нь бодит
тоотой ижлээр z тоог n
удаа үржүүлсэн
үржвэрийг хэлдэг
Тодорхойлолт:
Аливаа 𝑧 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 комплекс тооны хувьд 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 =
𝟏 байх 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 гэсэн комплекс тоо олддог бол уг тоог
𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 тооны урвуу тоо гээд 𝑧−1 гэж тэмдэглэнэ.
Санамж: Үржвэр ба ногдвор одлог томьёог цээжилж, түүнийгээ бодлого бодоход ашиглахаас илүү хаалт задлах болон
хүрьвэр хуваарийг комплек тоогоор үржүүлж хуваарийг бодит тоо болгох аргыг ашиглах нь илүү хялбар.
Энд хуваарийг бодит тоо болгоход дараах жишээг ашиглана.
ЖИШЭЭ БОДЛОГО:
СУРАХ БИЧГИЙН 194 ХУУДАС №18 БОДЛОГЫН А,Р
ADD A FOOTER 14
𝑎)
12
−10 − 11𝑖
=
12
−10 − 11𝑖
×
−10 + 11𝑖
−10 + 11𝑖
=
12(−10 + 11𝑖)
(−10 − 11𝑖)(−10 + 11𝑖)
=
−120 + 132𝑖
(−10)2+112 =
−120 + 132𝑖
221
= −
120
221
+
132𝑖
221
р)
−1 + 6𝑖
1 + 14𝑖
=
−1 + 6𝑖
1 + 14𝑖
×
1 − 14𝑖
1 − 14𝑖
=
(−1 + 6𝑖)(1 − 14𝑖)
(1 + 14𝑖)(1 − 14𝑖)
=
−1 × 1 − 6 × −14 + −1 × −14 + 6 × 1 𝑖
12 + 142 =
83 + 20𝑖
197
=
83
197
+
20𝑖
197
Гэрийн даалгавар №18 дуусгаад
№17 хийгээрэй.

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Комплекс тоо цуврал хичээл-1

  • 1.
  • 2. 2
  • 3. Санамж: 3 Комплекс тооны бодит тооноос ялгагдах гол онцлог нь хоёр комплекс тоог бодит тоонд байдаг их ба бага тэмдэгээр харьцуулж болдоггүй.
  • 5. Комплекс тооны нэмэх үйлдлийн хувьд бодит тооны нэмэх үйлдийн чанар (хууль) биелнэ. 1. 2 + 3𝑖 + 1 + 2𝑖 + 3 + 5𝑖 = 2 + 3𝑖 + 1 + 3 + 2 + 5 𝑖 = 2 + 3𝑖 + 4 + 7𝑖 = 2 + 4 + 3 + 7 𝑖 = 𝟔 + 𝟏𝟎𝒊 2. 2 + 3𝑖 + 1 + 2𝑖 + 3 + 5𝑖 = 2 + 1 + 3 + 2 𝑖 + 3 + 5𝑖 = 3 + 5𝑖 + 3 + 5𝑖 = 3 + 3 + 5 + 5 𝑖 = 𝟔 + 𝟏𝟎𝒊 ADD A FOOTER 5 3 + 4𝑖 + 5 + 6𝑖 = 3 + 5 4 + 6 𝑖 = 𝟖 + 𝟏𝟎𝒊 5 + 6𝑖 + 3 + 4𝑖 = 5 + 3 + 6 + 4 𝑖 = 𝟖 + 𝟏𝟎𝒊 3 + 4𝑖 + 0 = 3 + 4𝑖 0 + 3 + 4𝑖 = (3 + 4𝑖)
  • 6.
  • 8. ADD A FOOTER 8 Тодорхойлолт: 𝒂 + 𝒃𝒊, 𝒄 + 𝒅𝒊, 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄, 𝒅 ∈ ℛ байх хоёр комплекс тоог 𝒂 + 𝒃𝒊 𝒄 + 𝒅𝒊 = 𝒂𝒄 − 𝒃𝒅 + 𝒂𝒅 + 𝒃𝒄 𝒊 гэсэн дүрмээр үржүүлнэ. Жишээ бодлого: 𝒂 + 𝒃𝒊 𝒄 + 𝒅𝒊 = 𝒂𝒄 − 𝒃𝒅 + 𝒂𝒅 + 𝒃𝒄 𝒊 1. 𝟒 + 𝟓𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊 = 𝟒 × 𝟐 − 𝟓 × −𝟑 + 𝟒 × −𝟑 + 𝟓 × 𝟐 𝒊 = 𝟐𝟑 − 𝟐𝒊 2. 𝟐 − 𝒊 𝟓 − 𝟒𝒊 = 𝟐 × 𝟓 − −𝟏 × −𝟒 + 𝟐 × −𝟒 + −𝟏 × 𝟓 𝒊 = 𝟔 − 𝟏𝟑𝒊 3. 𝟓 − 𝟑𝒊 𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊 = 𝟓 × 𝟐 − −𝟑 × 𝟑 + 𝟓 × 𝟑 + −𝟑 × 𝟐 𝒊 = 𝟏𝟗 + 𝟗𝒊
  • 9. КОМПЛЕКС ТООНЫ ҮРЖҮҮЛЭХ ҮЙЛДЛИЙН ЧАНАРУУД: ADD A FOOTER 9 𝒛 = 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 𝒔 = 𝟐 − 𝟒𝒊 𝒛𝒔 = 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟒𝒊 = 𝟑 × 𝟐 − 𝟐 × −𝟒 + 𝟑 × −𝟒 + 𝟐 × 𝟐 𝒊 = 𝟏𝟒 − 𝟖𝒊 𝒔𝒛 = 𝟐 − 𝟒𝒊 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 = 𝟐 × 𝟑 − −𝟒 × 𝟐 + 𝟐 × 𝟐 + −𝟒 × 𝟑 𝒊 = 𝟏𝟒 − 𝟖𝒊 ZS=SZ байна. 𝒛 = 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 𝒔 = 𝟐 − 𝒊 𝒕 = 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒊 𝒛𝒔 𝒕 = 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 𝟐 − 𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒊 = 𝟑 × 𝟐 − 𝟐 × −𝟏 + 𝟑 × −𝟏 + 𝟐 × 𝟐 𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒊 = 𝟖 + 𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒊 = 𝟖 × 𝟐 − 𝟏 × −𝟐 + 𝟖 × −𝟐 + 𝟏 × 𝟐 𝒊 = 𝟏𝟖 − 𝟏𝟒𝐢 𝒛 𝒔𝒕 = 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 𝟐 − 𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒊 = 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 𝟐 × 𝟐 − −𝟏 × −𝟐 + 𝟐 × −𝟐 + −𝟏 × 𝟐 𝒊 = 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟔𝒊 = 𝟑 × 𝟐 − 𝟐 × −𝟔 + 𝟑 × −𝟔 + 𝟐 × 𝟐 𝒊 = 𝟏𝟖 − 𝟏𝟒𝒊 𝒛𝒔 𝒕 = 𝒛 𝒔𝒕 байна.
  • 10. КОМПЛЕКС ТООНЫ ҮРЖҮҮЛЭХ ҮЙЛДЛИЙН ЧАНАРУУД: ADD A FOOTER 10 𝒛 = 𝟐 + 𝒊 𝒔 = 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 𝒕 = 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊 𝒛 𝒔 + 𝒕 = 𝟐 + 𝒊 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 + 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊 = 𝟐 + 𝒊 𝟓 − 𝐢 = (𝟐 × 𝟓 − 𝟏 × −𝟏 + 𝟐 × −𝟏 + 𝟏 × 𝟓 𝒊 = 𝟏𝟏 + 𝟑𝒊 𝒛𝒔 + 𝒛𝒕 = 𝟐 + 𝒊 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 + 𝟐 + 𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊 = 𝟐 × 𝟑 − 𝟏 × 𝟐 + 𝟐 × 𝟐 + 𝟏 × 𝟑 𝒊 + + 𝟐 × 𝟐 − 𝟏 × −𝟑 + 𝟐 × −𝟑 + 𝟏 × 𝟐 = 𝟒 + 𝟕𝒊 + 𝟕 − 𝟒𝒊 = 𝟏𝟏 + 𝟑𝒊 𝒛 𝒔 + 𝒕 = 𝒛𝒔 + 𝒛𝒕 байна.
  • 11. 11 Комплекс тооны натурал тоон зэрэг 𝑧𝑛 нь бодит тоотой ижлээр z тоог n удаа үржүүлсэн үржвэрийг хэлдэг
  • 12.
  • 13. Тодорхойлолт: Аливаа 𝑧 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 комплекс тооны хувьд 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 = 𝟏 байх 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 гэсэн комплекс тоо олддог бол уг тоог 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 тооны урвуу тоо гээд 𝑧−1 гэж тэмдэглэнэ. Санамж: Үржвэр ба ногдвор одлог томьёог цээжилж, түүнийгээ бодлого бодоход ашиглахаас илүү хаалт задлах болон хүрьвэр хуваарийг комплек тоогоор үржүүлж хуваарийг бодит тоо болгох аргыг ашиглах нь илүү хялбар. Энд хуваарийг бодит тоо болгоход дараах жишээг ашиглана.
  • 14. ЖИШЭЭ БОДЛОГО: СУРАХ БИЧГИЙН 194 ХУУДАС №18 БОДЛОГЫН А,Р ADD A FOOTER 14 𝑎) 12 −10 − 11𝑖 = 12 −10 − 11𝑖 × −10 + 11𝑖 −10 + 11𝑖 = 12(−10 + 11𝑖) (−10 − 11𝑖)(−10 + 11𝑖) = −120 + 132𝑖 (−10)2+112 = −120 + 132𝑖 221 = − 120 221 + 132𝑖 221 р) −1 + 6𝑖 1 + 14𝑖 = −1 + 6𝑖 1 + 14𝑖 × 1 − 14𝑖 1 − 14𝑖 = (−1 + 6𝑖)(1 − 14𝑖) (1 + 14𝑖)(1 − 14𝑖) = −1 × 1 − 6 × −14 + −1 × −14 + 6 × 1 𝑖 12 + 142 = 83 + 20𝑖 197 = 83 197 + 20𝑖 197 Гэрийн даалгавар №18 дуусгаад №17 хийгээрэй.