This document discusses MR imaging of the knee. It describes common knee pathologies like meniscal tears, ligament injuries, and cartilage lesions. It provides details on MR imaging techniques and protocols for the knee. Specific meniscal anatomy and grading of meniscal signal are reviewed. Various types of meniscal tears, ligament injuries like ACL and PCL tears are demonstrated with images. Other findings like cartilage lesions, bony lesions, tendon injuries are also described. Potential pitfalls in interpreting MR images of the knee like pseudo meniscal tears are discussed to improve diagnostic accuracy.
MRI imaging of knee joint -- from radiological anatomy to pathology. inspired from my dear professor Mamdouh Mahfouz, professor of radio diagnosis - Cairo university.
MRI imaging of knee joint -- from radiological anatomy to pathology. inspired from my dear professor Mamdouh Mahfouz, professor of radio diagnosis - Cairo university.
about basics of cartilage imaging.
how does normal cartilage look , how does diseased cartilage look.
what are advanced techniques in cartilage imaging
Anatomy and imaging of wrist joint (MRI AND XRAY)Kajal Jha
Anatomy and imaging of wrist joint (xray and MRI).
this ppt was made as the class presentation by Kajal Jha as the part of the course of BSC MIT at BPKIHS,Dharan . It covers the part of syllabus of third year of BSC MIT of this institution.
MRI ANATOMY OF WRIST AND ELBOW ; special emphasis on TFCC, planning of wrist and elbow mri, intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments, compartments of wrist, neurovascular anatomy of elbow and wrist,
about basics of cartilage imaging.
how does normal cartilage look , how does diseased cartilage look.
what are advanced techniques in cartilage imaging
Anatomy and imaging of wrist joint (MRI AND XRAY)Kajal Jha
Anatomy and imaging of wrist joint (xray and MRI).
this ppt was made as the class presentation by Kajal Jha as the part of the course of BSC MIT at BPKIHS,Dharan . It covers the part of syllabus of third year of BSC MIT of this institution.
MRI ANATOMY OF WRIST AND ELBOW ; special emphasis on TFCC, planning of wrist and elbow mri, intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments, compartments of wrist, neurovascular anatomy of elbow and wrist,
The menisci are crescents, roughly triangular in cross section, that cover one half to two thirds of the articular surface of the corresponding tibial plateau. They are composed of dense, tightly woven collagen fibers arranged in a pattern providing great elasticity and ability to withstand compression.
Calcified tendinitis of shoulder
classified as enthesopathy, is a self-limiting disease
deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in the rotator cuff tendons.
commonly occurs between the ages of 30 and 50 and is rare in those older than 70 years
Monteggia fractures and neglected cases
A simple presentation to understand the fracture and its classifications and answer some coomonly asked questions regarding the neglected cases managment
Objectives:
-Recognize the anatomy of the proximal tibia
-Describe initial evaluation and management
-Identify common fracture patterns
-Apply treatment principles and strategies for Partial articular fractures and Complete articular fractures
-Discuss rehabilitation and complications
-Learn Management in selected tibial plateau case scenarios
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Are There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdf
Knee mri
1. MR Imaging of the knee
Dr.Ajai Perti MD.
Chief Radiologist & Medical Director
Vita Diagnostics Ltd.
MR & CT Imaging Centers,
Cochin, Thrissur, Vaikom,Calicut
7. Grading of meniscal signal
Grade I : Globular intrasubstance increased
signal intensity, not extending to
articular surface.
Grade II : Linear , may communicate with
capsular margin.
Grade III : Sharp linear, extending to articular
surface
40. MCL injury
Grade I : Edema & hemorrhage superficial to lig.
Grade II : Displacement of lig. fibres from bone
Grade III : Complete lig. discontinuity.
47. Chondromalacia patella
• Softening of articular cartilage
• Common in young adults, can mimic meniscal tear
• Predisposing – Trauma, patellar malalignment,
subluxation , PCL injury etc.
48.
49. • Primarily affects male patients -
10 to 20 yrs
• Typically involves the lateral
surface of med.fem.condyle.
• H/o trauma in 50%
Osteochondritis dissecans
50. Osteochondritis dissecans - Staging
Stage I : lesion 1-3cm ; intact cartilage
Stage II : Cartilage defect ; no loose body
Stage III : Partially detached ost.chond fragment
Stage IV : Complete separation ; loose body +
56. • Grade-2 vs grade 3 signals –
• To distinguish articular surface extension of
the tears.
• Intrasubstance tear –at scopy - may need
probing.
• Effusion- If present – disrupted menisceal
surface.
57. Contd….
• Transverse ligament-
• Anterior horns of medial & lateral
meniscus.
• Antero-lateral to LM - between tibial
attachment of ACL and Infra patellar fat
pad.
• Seen in 40% pts.
• Simulates an oblique tear of LM.
58. contd….
• Fibrillation- Fraying of the free edge.
• Use fat sat images.
• FrayingMacerationImbibes synovial
fluidHigh signal on T2WIMimics a
tear.
59. cont…
• Popliteus tendon-
• Sheath near the Posterior horn of LM
Grade-3 signal Tear.
• After lat. meniscectomy Popliteus
Retained post.horn remnant.
60. contd. …
• Menisco-Femoral Ligaments-Anterior -Lig.
Of Humphrey- ant. to PCL-34%.
• Posterior -Lig. Of Wrisberg- post. to PCL-
60%.
• Fat bet. Post horn of LM and MF ligament
Mimics vertical tear in post.horn of LM.
61. Pseudo bucket-handle tear….
• Separate portions of PHLM-In corona
sections.
• Not seen with Medial meniscus.
• Look at Sagittal images.
62. Lax meniscal sign….
• Lax or redundant meniscus- MM with
asso. EffusionMimics menisceal tear.
• Disappears with joint manipulation.
63. Others…..
• Vaccum Phenomenon-Intra-articular
gas Signal void Mimics tear.
• Pesudo loose body-Intercondylar notch
Low signalMimics a loose body.
• MCL bursa- bet. MM and MCL
Menisco-capsular tear.
64. Final Request….
• What the mind doesn’t know the eyes…….
• Radiologists do make mistakes even after
years of MR interpretation….
• Follow ups are of great help to improve the
diagnostic accuracy…..!!!!
