Created by Adrian Rey Grumo from University of Southeastern Philippines taking Bachelor of Arts in English Major in Language.

2. MOTIVATIONAL DRILL
Task: The class will be divided into three groups, each having two
representatives for the drill. The game is similar to the ‘HIP-HIP!
HOORAY!’ portion of the former noontime show ‘Wowowee’. In
an alternating manner, the facilitator moves the microphone over
the contestants which they will respond with by saying ‘UYUAN!’
with hands thrown upwards or ‘IYAAN!’ with the hands doing an
outside-circling motion. Responses will depend on what yell
came first. Representatives who failed to give the correct
response will be eliminated from the game. The last contestant to
remain wins.

3. METAPHORS OF KINSHIP
In an analysis of extended and transferred meanings, certain domains
tend to be extended metaphorically and/or metonymically. KINSHIP
TERMINOLOGY is one such domain.

4. KINSHIP
KIN - somebody’s relatives as a group; blood relation
METAPHOR – use of words or phrases that are not meant literally but by vivid
comparison.
Kin terms are frequently used to refer metaphorically to nonrelatives.
The use of kin terms expresses informality and intimacy of a relationship
without being rude.
Kin terms also provide respect and support in a reciprocal manner.

5. EXAMPLES
In American and Philippine Context:
- children call the close friends of their parents usually as ‘aunt’ or ‘uncle’.
- for some of these families, it is considered impolite for a child to call an adult
by first name.
-other times, adding a title and the first name is used but often appears too
formal and distant.
Example: ‘Ms. Smith’ , ‘Mr. Maghirang’.

6. In Navajo culture:
- the morpheme ‘ma’ is used to refer to the following entities:
mother, earth, agricultural fields, corn, sheep, and
Changing Woman (a major Navajo deity)
- these meanings are connected to the concept of motherhood.
KINSHIP TERMS IN AMERICAN INDIAN

7. KINSHIP TERMS IN AMERICAN INDIAN
In Navajo culture:
- the metaphor of motherhood is extended to the following terms because
they share an essential attribute to mothers—they are fertile and bring forth
life, they also provide nourishment and subsistence.
-with these reasons, the Navajo people treat these entities ‘as if’ they were
mothers.

8. KINSHIP TERMS IN INDIA
In Dravidian culture:
- Kannada, a Dravidian language, has multiple meanings for the word
‘amma’.
- ‘Amma’ basically means mother, but is extended to any adult woman and to
goddesses.
- in rural Indian society, all adult women are assumed to be married and are
mothers already. Therefore, they are addressed ‘as if’ they were mothers.

9. KINSHIP TERMS IN INDIA
- The metaphor of mother is also extended to Hindu goddesses either kind or
fierce.
-kind ones are treated as if they are one’s own mother while fierce ones are
spoken of the same in order to appease them so they will respond kindly.

10. KINSHIP TERMS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Inang Kalikasan – ‘ina’ is the Filipino term for mother, which is extended to
the earth because of the same attribution of nourishment, shelter, and
sustenance of life.
Ate, Kuya - the Filipino counterpart for brother and sister, usually extended
to people who share the same age frame, other times to little children to give
them encouragement and inspiration to act ‘as if’ they are adults already.
Apo – an archaic term for grandfather, addressed to elders of great wisdom
and experience.

12. QUIZ
Instruction: In a ½ sheet of paper, answer the following questions
1. What is kinship terms base on your own words?
2. Why should there be a need to use kinship terms in
socialization?
3. Name at least three other kinship terms found in the Filipino
language.