Resilient food and agriculture systems in Kenya within the COVID-19 pandemic: opportunities and challenges (focus on livestock)
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Presented by Jimmy Smith, Director General, ILRI, at the Second High Panel Conference on Agricultural Research in Kenya, Nairobi, 21 October 2020
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Resilient food and agriculture systems in Kenya within the COVID-19 pandemic: opportunities and challenges (focus on livestock)
- 1. Better lives through livestock Resilient food and agriculture systems in Kenya within the COVID-19 pandemic: opportunities and challenges (focus on livestock) Jimmy Smith, Director General International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya Second High Panel Conference on Agricultural Research in Kenya Nairobi, 21 October 2020
- 2. 2 Overview • COVID-19 impacts • Global impacts • Examples: impacts on the livestock sector in Kenya • Securing future food systems • Opportunities in the livestock sector • Address the drivers • Focus on One Health
- 3. 3 Impacts Global and across all sectors
- 4. 4 Source: BRIEF#2: PUTTING THE UN FRAMEWORK FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC RESPONSE TO COVID-19 INTO ACTION: INSIGHTS. United Nations, JUNE 2020 Tens of millions of people at risk of falling into extreme poverty Undernourished people, currently ~690 million, likely to increase by ~132 million by end of 2020 If this trend continues, elimination of hunger (SDG2) will be missed by some 890 million Nearly half the global workforce of 3.3 billion at risk of losing their livelihoods COVID-19 impacts reverberate everywhere
- 5. 5 A significant hit on human development Source: BRIEF#2: PUTTING THE UN FRAMEWORK FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC RESPONSE TO COVID-19 INTO ACTION: INSIGHTS. United Nations, JUNE 2020
- 6. 6 Kenya Impacts in the livestock sector matter: - Sector supports 10 million mostly pastoralists - Half of agricultural workforce - 13% GDP - Resilience, food, income, etc
- 7. Expected effects of COVID-19 on the livestock value chain (tested: phone survey in northern Kenya) Inputs (agrovets and other service providers) Reduced sales due to limited demand by producers Producers/ Pastoralists Reduced livestock sales due to closure of markets Reduced income from livestock sales Limited access to market information Reduced labour force from non- family members Aggregators Reduced livestock stocks Reduced access due to border , inter- county restrictions, curfew & market closures Processors Fewer animals for slaughter due to border restrictions and curfew Abattoirs running below capacity Reduction in quantities processed Distributor- w/sale & retailers Reduction in livestock numbers being sold Increased cost of international trade due to closure of borders and movement restrictions Consumers Reduced purchasing power due to fewer livestock sales, unemployment Reduction in quantity of foods consumed & food security Reduced use of health and nutrition services
- 8. Results: consumers 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 Isiolo Marsabit Garissa Wajir Turkana Total meanIncome(Kes) Household mean income in KES by county January February March April • Significant reduction in household incomes across the 5 counties • Reduction in consumption frequency of nutrient dense meat, eggs, fruits and vegetables • Reduction in number and quantity of meals consumed per day • Reduction in number of ante- & post-natal visits: e.g. in Garissa, the % children 6-59 months getting micronutrient supplementation dropped to 30% in May 2020 (71% May 2019) • Frequent hand washing and sanitation as a COVID-19 preventive measure could have positive health/nutrition effects
- 9. Results: livestock markets and retailers • Sharp reduction in meat sold • Volumes of livestock sold started to decline in Feb across the counties and plummeted in March and April with the closure of most livestock markets • Improvement in May and June, but generally stagnated compared to the period before the pandemic 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 JA N- 20 F E B- 20 MA R- 20 A P R- 20 MA Y - 20 JUN- 20 NUMBERSOLD MONTH VOLUMES SOLD BY SPECIES Cattle Camel Goats Sheep 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 January February March April Kilograms of meat sold by month Isiolo Marsabit Garissa Wajir Turkana Total
- 10. 10 Securing future food systems Opportunities in the livestock sector Build back bette r Build forwa rd A new norm al ? Build back better Build forward A new normal 3-D model of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, developed by Annabel Slater, ILRI
- 11. 11 Global livestock sector opportunities
- 12. 12 Taking opportunities – ILRI and partners Re-purposing ILRI labs to support national COVID-19 testing in Kenya: in the context of One Health research Measuring impacts of COVID-19 through The Rural Household Multi- Indicator Survey (RHoMIS): pilot studies in Kenya and Vietnam to target crisis responses Using digital platforms to support smallholder farmers in Kenya during COVID (ADGG and iCow): 41 counties covered with digital information and feedback
- 13. 13 Securing future food systems • Drivers • One Health
- 14. 14 Understand and address the drivers Seven major anthropogenic drivers of zoonotic disease emergence 1. Increasing demand for animal protein 2. Unsustainable agricultural intensification 3. Increased use and exploitation of wildlife 4. Unsustainable utilization of natural resources 5. Travel and transportation 6. Changes in food supply chains 7. Climate change United Nations Environment Programme and International Livestock Research Institute (2020). Preventing the Next Pandemic: Zoonotic diseases and how to break the chain of transmission. Nairobi, Kenya.
- 15. 15 Pandemics and endemics: One Health approach needed Prepare – detect – prevent – respond Surveillance: Early detection Respond: Apply latest biosciences Respond: minimize food borne risks and hazards Respond: institutional coordination and action at every level
- 16. THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
- https://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/covid19/Brief2-COVID-19-final-June2020.pdf https://www.who.int/news/item/13-10-2020-impact-of-covid-19-on-people%27s-livelihoods-their-health-and-our-food-systems
- Re-purposing ILRI labs to support national COVID-19 testing in Kenya At the onset of increased transmission of COVID-19 in Kenya, the Kenyan government requested ILRI to support the national diagnostic effort. Leveraging on ILRI’s vast experience and expertise in molecular diagnosis and infectious disease research, labs, tools and staff in ILRI’s headquarters in Nairobi were repurposed for COVID-19 testing. COVID-19 testing reagents and extra equipment were purchased and ILRI initiated testing from 1st June 2020. The laboratory can process and test more than 360 samples daily, which can be doubled as needed. Over 13,700 samples have been tested in the first 4 months, with an additional 20,000 expected before the end of the year. This program falls under the ILRI-led One Health Research, Education and Outreach Centre for Africa (OHRECA). In countries with limited resources and widespread local transmission, testing allows for early identification of transmission chain and informs response to contain the pandemic and reduce mortality. Measuring impacts of COVID-19 through RHoMIS The Rural Household Multi-Indicator Survey (RHoMIS) has developed a module on COVID-19 to gain insights on the impacts of the pandemic on smallholder farming practices and livelihoods, including disruptions due to changed sales or purchases at markets, transport challenges, loss of off-farm income and changes in labour availability. These impacts so far are poorly monitored, despite stark warnings by FAO and the UN of the risks of scaling back gains made in rural development and national food security. Initial pilots of the module have been completed, surveying farmers in Vietnam and Kenya, with further surveys anticipated to reach up to 6,000 smallholder households in Cambodia, Burkina Faso, Mozambique and East Africa over the coming three months. The data gathered will be rapidly analysed, made accessible through dashboards and reports, and promoted through established institutional channels to decision makers to better target their crisis response. Using digital platforms to support smallholder farmers in Kenya during COVID Africa Dairy Genetic Gains (ADGG), in collaboration with digital platform iCow, telecom provider Safaricom and volunteer livestock experts, have set up a toll-free call and response system through which Kenyan livestock farmers can access expertise and information on their livestock. The goal is to continue to protect livestock and livelihoods during COVID-19, which has restricted movement of extension workers and animal health service providers. After four months of planning, the system was successfully launched in August, with 1,440 calls received in the first months. Work is ongoing to scale up the rapid and agile two-way digital tool, to reach thousands more of farmers already registered on ADGG’s platforms by the end of the year. Data generated is captured in near-real time and visualized in an online dashboard, making livestock data on impacts of COVID-19 on farmers and livestock health issues readily accessible by researchers, donors and policy makers.