This presentation shows the future and possibilities of future food production in Sudan which illustrates the high potent to increase food crop production and possibilities of leading this sector in Africa and Arab World. ... .........Elgilany Ahmed

1. 1
Diversified Farming Practices
Using Participatory Approach
for Food Security and Safety
Diversified Farming Practices
Using Participatory Approach
for Food Security and Safety

2. 2
• INTRODUCTION
• A CASE STUDY: SUDAN
• COUNTRY PROFILE
• TYPES OF DIVERSIFIED FARMING
SYSTEM
• The BIO-PHYSICAL & SOCIO-
ECONOMIC CIRCU.
• CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL
FARMERS (DFS)
• PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY &FARMER
INOVAT.
• MARKETING ARRANGEMENT
• INSTITUTIONAL INTERVENTION (FCB, TD,

3. 3
A Case Study: Sudan

4. 4Sources: CBS(2006)
Area : 2.50 Million Km2
Population: 40 Million
Population density: 6 Inhabitants/Km2
Annual growth rate: 02.53 %
GDP: $ 30.647 Billion
GDP per capita: $ 918.94
GDP Annual Gr. Rate: 8.3 %
Country Profile

5. 5

Cultivated land is about 20 % of over 85
million hectares arable land;
Agriculture is the main occupation (70%);
Agricultural sub-sectors (cultivated land):
Source: Central Bank of Sudan, 2006
Agricultural Profile
Sectors contribution to GDP:

6. 6
 Mechanized rain-fed sector
fodders, cotton, nuts, millet, sesame
and Dura
 Mechanized rain-fed sector
fodders, cotton, nuts, millet, sesame
and Dura
Irrigated sector wheat, legumes,
fodders, vegetables, cotton onion, fruits and
Dura
Irrigated sector wheat, legumes,
fodders, vegetables, cotton onion, fruits and
Dura
 Traditional rain-fed sector
fodders, nuts, millet, sesame, and
Dura
 Traditional rain-fed sector
fodders, nuts, millet, sesame, and
Dura
Types of Diversified Farming System
The main food and cash crops in Sudan are
grown under many sub-sectors include:
The main food and cash crops in Sudan are
grown under many sub-sectors include:

7. 7
Source: The field survey 2006
Crop
production
under
different
sectors
Irrigated
)000
ton/fed(
Mechanized
rain-fed
sector
)000ton/fed(
Traditional
rain-fed
sector
)000ton/fed(
Sorghum 780 909 989
Millet 3 24 570
Wheat 363 1 -
Table 1: Main Cereal Food Crop
Production under Different Sub-
sector

8. 8
Livestock Production
Intensive cow’s milk production is becoming
more common within the large irrigation schemes
Intensive cow’s milk production is becoming
more common within the large irrigation schemes
Sudan owns a huge livestock population,
which consists of cattle, sheep, goats and camels
Sudan owns a huge livestock population,
which consists of cattle, sheep, goats and camels
The livestock wealth was estimated to be
around 124 million head in 2000 as 124 million
head
The livestock wealth was estimated to be
around 124 million head in 2000 as 124 million
head
Sudan comes first in the Arab world, and as the
second richest African country in livestock and
fifth in the World
Sudan comes first in the Arab world, and as the
second richest African country in livestock and
fifth in the World
Good natural pasturage covers more than 57
million fed., and the nomadic pastoral sector tends
for more than 90% of this huge animal population.
Good natural pasturage covers more than 57
million fed., and the nomadic pastoral sector tends
for more than 90% of this huge animal population.

9. 9Sources: CBS(2006)
Area : 2.50 Million Km2
Population: 40 Million
Population density: 6 Inhabitants/Km2
Annual growth rate: 02.53 %
GDP: $ 30.647 Billion
GDP per capita: $ 918.94
GDP Annual Gr. Rate: 8.3 %
The Bio-physical & Socioeconomic
Circumstances

10. 10Sources: CBS(2006)
River Nile &tributaries: 20 Milliard m3
Ground water : 9000 Milliard m3
Arable land area: 201.6 million fed.
Average cultivated area: 20% of arable land
GDP per capita: $ 918.94
GDP Annual Gr. Rate: 8.3 %
The Bio-physical & Socioeconomic
Circumstances - cont...

11. 11
The Bio-physical & Socioeconomic
Circumstances - cont...
Civil war overall the country since the
1980s
Civil war overall the country since the
1980s
Instability of the annual level of rain and
unfavorable agro-climatic conditions of droughts
Instability of the annual level of rain and
unfavorable agro-climatic conditions of droughts
Desertification particularly at the west and
north parts of the country
Desertification particularly at the west and
north parts of the country
Many studies mentioned that the main
causes of food insecurity:
Many studies mentioned that the main
causes of food insecurity:
Privatization Policy which undertook by the
country government since 1994 led to agricultural
deterioration as a negative impact of changes
Privatization Policy which undertook by the
country government since 1994 led to agricultural
deterioration as a negative impact of changes

12. 12
Characteristics of Small Farmer in DFS

13. 13
Full mechanized in the mechanized
rain-fed sector where investment
and companies took a place
Full mechanized in the mechanized
rain-fed sector where investment
and companies took a place
In the irrigated sectors always
farmers use partial machinery, most
of the growers are small farmers
In the irrigated sectors always
farmers use partial machinery, most
of the growers are small farmers
Production technology & farmers innovations
the traditional sector still suffering
from using the conventional
methods.
the traditional sector still suffering
from using the conventional
methods.
Production technologies play a unique role in farm
sustainability and management:
Production technologies play a unique role in farm
sustainability and management:

14. 14
Farmers some times select the healthy plants for
improvement, from season to season: i.e.: wheat
Farmers some times select the healthy plants for
improvement, from season to season: i.e.: wheat
Production for off season crop: i.e.:
Growing off-season crops: i.e.: tomatoes
Production for off season crop: i.e.:
Growing off-season crops: i.e.: tomatoes
Production technology & farmers innovations
They use local material instead of chemical to
increase the yield and plant productions: manure
They use local material instead of chemical to
increase the yield and plant productions: manure
Farmers in Sudan some times innovate some
techniques to face environmental changes such as:
Farmers in Sudan some times innovate some
techniques to face environmental changes such as:
Farmers use traditional storages to increase
household return: i.e.: oranges and onions.
Farmers use traditional storages to increase
household return: i.e.: oranges and onions.

15. 15
Storage (13%)
Sale (77%)
(26%) Household
consumption
(32%)
Seeds for
next
season
(42%)
Future
sale
(1%) Town
market
(3%) Local
merchant
(1%)
Wholesaler
(65%)Villag
e markets
(30%) Mixed
Urban
consumer
Marketing arrangements
Prevalent Manner of Channels and
Quantities of Food and Cash Crops in
Sudan
Prevalent Manner of Channels and
Quantities of Food and Cash Crops in
Sudan

16. 16
Characteristics of Small Farmer in DFS

17. 17
 The future of diversified farming for sustaining food
security and rural economy should include the
following:
 To arrive at intensive, land and water-use efficient;
economically viable agricultural systems that lead to better
NRM.
 Create tenants awareness of strategies and economic options
for more profitable recommendations on resources productivity,
thereby increasing farm income in sustainable manner.
 Create policy maker awareness of the farm management and
resources management dimension in respect of both efficiency
and sustainability of utilization to produce food crops. This
process will assist in the establishment of a framework for
improving and diversified farming for sustaining food security.
 The future of diversified farming for sustaining food
security and rural economy should include the
following:
 To arrive at intensive, land and water-use efficient;
economically viable agricultural systems that lead to better
NRM.
 Create tenants awareness of strategies and economic options
for more profitable recommendations on resources productivity,
thereby increasing farm income in sustainable manner.
 Create policy maker awareness of the farm management and
resources management dimension in respect of both efficiency
and sustainability of utilization to produce food crops. This
process will assist in the establishment of a framework for
improving and diversified farming for sustaining food security.
The Future of Diversified Farming System