Tanzania and Ghana poultry value chains: A status reportILRI
Presented at the Innovation Lab for Genomics for Improved Poultry 2019 Annual General Meeting, held at the Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro Tanzania on 8th October 2019
Direct market costs of aflatoxins in Kenyan dairy value chainILRI
Presented by D.M. Senerwa, N. Mtimet, A.J. Sirma, J. Nzuma, E.K. Kang'ethe, J.F. Lindahl and D. Grace at the Agriculture, Nutrition and Health (ANH) Academy Week, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 20-24 June 2016.
This document discusses food safety issues in informal markets in developing countries. It notes that most poor consumers purchase food from these markets, where regulations are lacking. Key food safety problems discussed include aflatoxins contaminating staple crops like maize in Africa, resulting in many illnesses and deaths annually. Studies also found unacceptably high levels of foodborne bacteria in meat, dairy and fish products across different settings and value chains. However, effective and low-cost interventions to improve food safety and hygiene practices among vendors have been shown to significantly reduce contamination and save economies millions of dollars in health costs.
Food safety in the era of COVID-19: Ensuring consumers’ trustILRI
Keynote presentation by Delia Grace at a webinar on ‘Food safety in the context of sustainable food systems: Moving forward for a healthy tomorrow in Europe and Central Asia’, 7 June 2021.
Madhur Gautam, David Laborde, Abdullah Mamun, Will Martin, Valeria Piñeiro, Rob Vos
POLICY SEMINAR
Can agricultural policies deliver better value for money for people, the planet, and the economy?
Co-Organized by IFPRI and World Bank Group
FEB 2, 2022 - 9:30 TO 11:00AM EST
This document discusses food safety trade-offs in informal markets and smallholder livestock production. It notes that while improved regulation aims to enhance food safety, it may negatively impact livelihoods and access to food for the poor. Evidence shows informal markets often meet food safety standards and that command-and-control regulation does not work and may worsen practices. Effective solutions involve working with and legitimizing informal sectors. The document advocates for improving food safety in a way that is pro-poor and does not negatively impact livelihoods.
Research for agricultural approaches in farm to fork management of food safetyILRI
1) Agriculture plays a key role in both undernutrition and overnutrition as well as foodborne diseases through various pathways. Food safety is an issue in wet markets and with toxins that target poor populations.
2) A "farm to fork" approach is needed to address food safety that moves from punishment to prevention and considers zoonotic disease reservoirs.
3) Research is needed to better map and measure the multiple burdens of foodborne diseases and develop innovations, incentives and institutions to support agricultural approaches to improving food safety. This includes training and certifying informal food sector actors and developing appropriate technologies.
Tanzania and Ghana poultry value chains: A status reportILRI
Presented at the Innovation Lab for Genomics for Improved Poultry 2019 Annual General Meeting, held at the Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro Tanzania on 8th October 2019
Direct market costs of aflatoxins in Kenyan dairy value chainILRI
Presented by D.M. Senerwa, N. Mtimet, A.J. Sirma, J. Nzuma, E.K. Kang'ethe, J.F. Lindahl and D. Grace at the Agriculture, Nutrition and Health (ANH) Academy Week, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 20-24 June 2016.
This document discusses food safety issues in informal markets in developing countries. It notes that most poor consumers purchase food from these markets, where regulations are lacking. Key food safety problems discussed include aflatoxins contaminating staple crops like maize in Africa, resulting in many illnesses and deaths annually. Studies also found unacceptably high levels of foodborne bacteria in meat, dairy and fish products across different settings and value chains. However, effective and low-cost interventions to improve food safety and hygiene practices among vendors have been shown to significantly reduce contamination and save economies millions of dollars in health costs.
Food safety in the era of COVID-19: Ensuring consumers’ trustILRI
Keynote presentation by Delia Grace at a webinar on ‘Food safety in the context of sustainable food systems: Moving forward for a healthy tomorrow in Europe and Central Asia’, 7 June 2021.
Madhur Gautam, David Laborde, Abdullah Mamun, Will Martin, Valeria Piñeiro, Rob Vos
POLICY SEMINAR
Can agricultural policies deliver better value for money for people, the planet, and the economy?
Co-Organized by IFPRI and World Bank Group
FEB 2, 2022 - 9:30 TO 11:00AM EST
This document discusses food safety trade-offs in informal markets and smallholder livestock production. It notes that while improved regulation aims to enhance food safety, it may negatively impact livelihoods and access to food for the poor. Evidence shows informal markets often meet food safety standards and that command-and-control regulation does not work and may worsen practices. Effective solutions involve working with and legitimizing informal sectors. The document advocates for improving food safety in a way that is pro-poor and does not negatively impact livelihoods.
Research for agricultural approaches in farm to fork management of food safetyILRI
1) Agriculture plays a key role in both undernutrition and overnutrition as well as foodborne diseases through various pathways. Food safety is an issue in wet markets and with toxins that target poor populations.
2) A "farm to fork" approach is needed to address food safety that moves from punishment to prevention and considers zoonotic disease reservoirs.
3) Research is needed to better map and measure the multiple burdens of foodborne diseases and develop innovations, incentives and institutions to support agricultural approaches to improving food safety. This includes training and certifying informal food sector actors and developing appropriate technologies.
Agriculture, Health and Food-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases - Dr Joachim Otte, FAOLIDC
The document discusses the relationship between agriculture, health, and emerging zoonotic diseases. It notes that intensification of livestock production, human encroachment on wildlife habitats, and increased demand for meat have contributed to increased risk of disease transmission at the wildlife-livestock-human interface. The document also examines trends in disease emergence, including the large number of potential zoonotic viruses yet to be discovered. It argues that an integrated approach across disciplines is needed to address challenges at the agriculture-health nexus.
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sothyra Tum, Chhay Ty, Melissa Young and Delia Grace at the Safe Food, Fair Food for Cambodia project final workshop, Cambodia, 21-22 June 2021.
Presented by Delia Grace at the Joint CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)/CGIAR Independent Science and Partnership Council (ISPC) Workshop on Nutrition, Washington, D.C., 22-23 September 2014.
Innovation platforms increase community participation in livestock health int...ILRI
Poster prepared by Michel Dione (ILRI), Ibrahima Traore (ILRI), Ahmadou Sow (ILRI), Barbara Wieland (ILRI) and Abdou Fall (ILRI) for the Virtual Livestock CRP Planning Meeting, 8-17 June 2020
The animal husbandry perspective: Managing animals and their excreta in low- ...SIANI
1. Livestock are an important source of food for billions of people globally, especially in developing countries, but they also contribute to disease transmission.
2. Keeping livestock in close proximity to humans can spread zoonotic diseases through animal excreta. Many pathogens from livestock waste can infect and sicken humans.
3. Rapid urbanization is increasing demands for animal-sourced food but also contributes to disease risks as livestock and waste management in crowded urban areas spreads contamination. Proper sanitation and hygiene is needed to reduce health risks from urban livestock.
Keynote presentation by Delia Grace at the online Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Food Safety Conference for Asia and the Pacific on ‘Communicating food safety in the era of COVID-19: Earning consumers’ trust’, 19 November 2020.
Zoonoses and food safety related activities in APHCA member statesILRI
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at the joint Animal Production and Health Commission for Asia and the Pacific (APHCA) - World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) regional workshop on zoonoses, food-borne diseases and antimicrobial resistance, Thimphu, Bhutan, 24-25 September 2013.
The future of food safety in Africa: Research perspectiveILRI
Keynote presentation by Delia Grace, Silvia Alonso, Kebede Amenu, Elizabeth Cook, Michel Dione, Theo Knight-Jones, Johanna Lindahl, Florence Mutua, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Kristina Roesel and Lian Thomas at the virtual Food Safety Conference for Africa, 10–11 November 2021.
Fish Talk: COVID-19 Impacts on Fish and Aquatic Food SystemsWorldFish
Slides from the WorldFish webinar of the COVID-19 impacts on fish and aquatic food systems. This webinar was hosted by Michael Phillips, Ben Belton, Cynthia McDougall, Michael J. Akester, Joesph Nagoli, Delvene Boso, Arun Padiyar and Shakuntala H. Thilsted.
Presented by Delia Grace, Johanna Lindahl, Hung Nguyen-Viet and Manish Kakkar at the World Veterinary Association (WVA)/World Medical Association (WMA) global conference on One Health, Madrid, Spain, 21-22 May 2015.
This document discusses managing food safety in informal markets in developing countries. It notes that the informal sector accounts for the vast majority of milk marketed in many African countries. While the informal sector faces food safety hazards, banning it is not a viable solution as it generates millions of jobs and benefits consumers and farmers. The document advocates using a risk-based approach rather than only focusing on hygiene, by examining the processes and paths where food safety risks occur. It provides an example where traditional food processing of informally-marketed milk significantly reduced health risks. Overall, the document argues that managing food safety in informal markets requires innovations, incentives and institutions that recognize the sector's importance while also mitigating risks.
This document summarizes the work of ILRI's Food Safety and Zoonoses program. The program aims to improve food safety and reduce foodborne diseases. It works in several developing countries in Africa and Asia. Key areas of focus include reducing risks in dairy and meat value chains, addressing zoonotic diseases, and studying mycotoxins like aflatoxins which can contaminate animal feed and transfer to milk. Studies in Kenya found high levels of aflatoxins in animal feed and milk that could pose health risks. The program seeks to identify effective interventions to reduce contamination and its impacts on animal and human health.
Policy and practice: Developing countries and livestock drug useILRI
Presented by Delia Grace, Hung Nguyen, Purvi Mehta, Johanna Lindahl and Manish Kakkar at the 3rd international conference on responsible use of antibiotics in animals, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 29 September - 1 October 2014.
1. Agriculture plays a key role in both undernutrition and overnutrition as well as foodborne diseases and emerging infections. Research is needed to support agricultural approaches to improving food safety from farm to fork.
2. Many health issues are associated with agriculture including 2 billion people with hidden hunger, 5 billion sickened by food each year, and 2 billion exposed to farm hazards. Diseases from zoonotic reservoirs also pose challenges.
3. A farm to fork approach is needed to shift from punishment to prevention of foodborne diseases. Research should map and measure the multiple burdens of foodborne illness and develop innovations, incentives and institutions for better management of food safety.
Food safety governance in nepal opportunity and challengesAutistic Brain
Krishna Prasad Acharya presented on food safety governance in Nepal. He discussed opportunities for improved food safety such as greater public demand, trade opportunities, and partnership potential. However, challenges include political instability, infrastructure issues, surveillance gaps, and lack of awareness. Key food safety issues in Nepal relate to antimicrobial overuse, unsafe water, pesticide misuse, and poor hygiene practices. Moving forward will require coordinated public-private partnerships, strengthened monitoring, and multidisciplinary collaboration to address foodborne illness in Nepal.
Presented by Nguyen Viet Hung, Fred Unger, Dang Xuan Sinh, Tran Thi Tuyet Hanh, Delia Grace at the Vietnam Agricultural Outlook Conference 2016, Hanoi 27 May 2016
Presented by Delia Grace, Erastus Kang'ethe, Bassirou Bonfoh, Kristina Roesel and Kohei Makita at the 4th annual Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health (LCIRAH) conference, London, UK, 3-4 June 2014.
Agriculture, Health and Food-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases - Dr Joachim Otte, FAOLIDC
The document discusses the relationship between agriculture, health, and emerging zoonotic diseases. It notes that intensification of livestock production, human encroachment on wildlife habitats, and increased demand for meat have contributed to increased risk of disease transmission at the wildlife-livestock-human interface. The document also examines trends in disease emergence, including the large number of potential zoonotic viruses yet to be discovered. It argues that an integrated approach across disciplines is needed to address challenges at the agriculture-health nexus.
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sothyra Tum, Chhay Ty, Melissa Young and Delia Grace at the Safe Food, Fair Food for Cambodia project final workshop, Cambodia, 21-22 June 2021.
Presented by Delia Grace at the Joint CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)/CGIAR Independent Science and Partnership Council (ISPC) Workshop on Nutrition, Washington, D.C., 22-23 September 2014.
Innovation platforms increase community participation in livestock health int...ILRI
Poster prepared by Michel Dione (ILRI), Ibrahima Traore (ILRI), Ahmadou Sow (ILRI), Barbara Wieland (ILRI) and Abdou Fall (ILRI) for the Virtual Livestock CRP Planning Meeting, 8-17 June 2020
The animal husbandry perspective: Managing animals and their excreta in low- ...SIANI
1. Livestock are an important source of food for billions of people globally, especially in developing countries, but they also contribute to disease transmission.
2. Keeping livestock in close proximity to humans can spread zoonotic diseases through animal excreta. Many pathogens from livestock waste can infect and sicken humans.
3. Rapid urbanization is increasing demands for animal-sourced food but also contributes to disease risks as livestock and waste management in crowded urban areas spreads contamination. Proper sanitation and hygiene is needed to reduce health risks from urban livestock.
Keynote presentation by Delia Grace at the online Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Food Safety Conference for Asia and the Pacific on ‘Communicating food safety in the era of COVID-19: Earning consumers’ trust’, 19 November 2020.
Zoonoses and food safety related activities in APHCA member statesILRI
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at the joint Animal Production and Health Commission for Asia and the Pacific (APHCA) - World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) regional workshop on zoonoses, food-borne diseases and antimicrobial resistance, Thimphu, Bhutan, 24-25 September 2013.
The future of food safety in Africa: Research perspectiveILRI
Keynote presentation by Delia Grace, Silvia Alonso, Kebede Amenu, Elizabeth Cook, Michel Dione, Theo Knight-Jones, Johanna Lindahl, Florence Mutua, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Kristina Roesel and Lian Thomas at the virtual Food Safety Conference for Africa, 10–11 November 2021.
Fish Talk: COVID-19 Impacts on Fish and Aquatic Food SystemsWorldFish
Slides from the WorldFish webinar of the COVID-19 impacts on fish and aquatic food systems. This webinar was hosted by Michael Phillips, Ben Belton, Cynthia McDougall, Michael J. Akester, Joesph Nagoli, Delvene Boso, Arun Padiyar and Shakuntala H. Thilsted.
Presented by Delia Grace, Johanna Lindahl, Hung Nguyen-Viet and Manish Kakkar at the World Veterinary Association (WVA)/World Medical Association (WMA) global conference on One Health, Madrid, Spain, 21-22 May 2015.
This document discusses managing food safety in informal markets in developing countries. It notes that the informal sector accounts for the vast majority of milk marketed in many African countries. While the informal sector faces food safety hazards, banning it is not a viable solution as it generates millions of jobs and benefits consumers and farmers. The document advocates using a risk-based approach rather than only focusing on hygiene, by examining the processes and paths where food safety risks occur. It provides an example where traditional food processing of informally-marketed milk significantly reduced health risks. Overall, the document argues that managing food safety in informal markets requires innovations, incentives and institutions that recognize the sector's importance while also mitigating risks.
This document summarizes the work of ILRI's Food Safety and Zoonoses program. The program aims to improve food safety and reduce foodborne diseases. It works in several developing countries in Africa and Asia. Key areas of focus include reducing risks in dairy and meat value chains, addressing zoonotic diseases, and studying mycotoxins like aflatoxins which can contaminate animal feed and transfer to milk. Studies in Kenya found high levels of aflatoxins in animal feed and milk that could pose health risks. The program seeks to identify effective interventions to reduce contamination and its impacts on animal and human health.
Policy and practice: Developing countries and livestock drug useILRI
Presented by Delia Grace, Hung Nguyen, Purvi Mehta, Johanna Lindahl and Manish Kakkar at the 3rd international conference on responsible use of antibiotics in animals, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 29 September - 1 October 2014.
1. Agriculture plays a key role in both undernutrition and overnutrition as well as foodborne diseases and emerging infections. Research is needed to support agricultural approaches to improving food safety from farm to fork.
2. Many health issues are associated with agriculture including 2 billion people with hidden hunger, 5 billion sickened by food each year, and 2 billion exposed to farm hazards. Diseases from zoonotic reservoirs also pose challenges.
3. A farm to fork approach is needed to shift from punishment to prevention of foodborne diseases. Research should map and measure the multiple burdens of foodborne illness and develop innovations, incentives and institutions for better management of food safety.
Food safety governance in nepal opportunity and challengesAutistic Brain
Krishna Prasad Acharya presented on food safety governance in Nepal. He discussed opportunities for improved food safety such as greater public demand, trade opportunities, and partnership potential. However, challenges include political instability, infrastructure issues, surveillance gaps, and lack of awareness. Key food safety issues in Nepal relate to antimicrobial overuse, unsafe water, pesticide misuse, and poor hygiene practices. Moving forward will require coordinated public-private partnerships, strengthened monitoring, and multidisciplinary collaboration to address foodborne illness in Nepal.
Presented by Nguyen Viet Hung, Fred Unger, Dang Xuan Sinh, Tran Thi Tuyet Hanh, Delia Grace at the Vietnam Agricultural Outlook Conference 2016, Hanoi 27 May 2016
Presented by Delia Grace, Erastus Kang'ethe, Bassirou Bonfoh, Kristina Roesel and Kohei Makita at the 4th annual Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health (LCIRAH) conference, London, UK, 3-4 June 2014.
No food security without food safety: Lessons from low- and middle-income cou...ILRI
ILRI is an international agricultural research organization that works to improve food security and reduce poverty in developing countries through research for better and more sustainable use of livestock. ILRI has over 630 staff from over 30 countries working on projects related to animal and human health, sustainable livestock systems, policies and livelihoods, livestock genetics, and feed and forage development. ILRI conducts research at large campuses in Kenya and Ethiopia as well as regional and country offices in 14 countries. The presentation discusses the large health burden of foodborne diseases in developing countries and how they impact development, nutrition, livelihoods, and market access. It also examines where food and foodborne diseases originate from in developing countries and challenges with managing food
Food safety in informal markets in developing countries: An overviewTezira Lore
Grace, D., Roesel, K. and Lore, T. 2014. Food safety in informal markets in developing countries: An overview. ILRI Research Brief 19. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI.
Livestock research for Africa’s food security and poverty reductionILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Shirley Tarawali, Iain Wright, Suzanne Bertrand, Polly Ericksen, Delia Grace and Ethel Makila at a side event at the 6th Africa Agriculture Science Week, Accra, Ghana, 15-20 July 2013
Achieving Agenda 2030: Livestock research and the transformation of small-sca...ILRI
1) Global demand for meat, milk, and eggs is rising rapidly in developing countries, where smallholders currently produce much of the supply.
2) Transforming smallholder livestock production into a more productive and resilient system can help achieve several UN Sustainable Development Goals and benefit women and youth.
3) Livestock research plays a key role in this transformation by developing solutions to improve productivity, health, feeding, and management practices for smallholder farmers.
How can Animal Biotechnology contribute to Agenda 2063, ST&I Strategy for Afr...ILRI
Animal biotechnology can help achieve development goals in Africa by increasing livestock productivity, improving animal health and resilience, and reducing environmental impacts. Key applications include developing disease-resistant animals, improving feed digestibility and reproduction, and selecting animals that produce less methane. Strengthening partnerships, regulatory systems, and Africa's own innovation capacities will be important to facilitate use of animal biotechnology for sustainable development.
ILRI's strategy focuses on using livestock research to improve food security and reduce poverty in Africa. It has three strategic objectives: 1) develop and promote sustainable, scalable practices that improve lives through livestock; 2) provide scientific evidence to persuade decision-makers to invest more in livestock; and 3) increase stakeholders' capacity to make better use of livestock science and investments. Key research areas include addressing the biomass crisis in intensifying smallholder systems, managing vulnerability and risk in drylands, improving food safety and addressing aflatoxins, advancing vaccine biosciences, and mobilizing biosciences to achieve food security in Africa. ILRI aims to prove livestock's potential, influence investment, and ensure sufficient capacity to effectively use
Presented by Dieter Schillinger at the Workshop on transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research and development, Kathmandu, Nepal, 13-14 November 2018
Aflatoxins, animal health and safety of animal source foods ILRI
Presented by Delia Grace, Johanna Lindahl, Christine Atherstone and Erastus Kang’ethe at the Virtual briefing for the Global Donor Platform on Rural Development, 22 July 2014
This document discusses the complex relationships between livestock, people, livelihoods, and diseases. It provides background on GALVmed, an organization that supports animal health solutions for poor livestock keepers. Livestock are crucial for the livelihoods of 1 billion people in Africa and Asia. However, animal diseases pose a major threat. The document outlines key health issues from intensive production systems for dairy cows and poultry. It also discusses the role of zoonotic diseases in impacting poor communities and the increasing issues of lifestyle diseases from diets high in animal products. The conclusion calls for a One Health approach through multidisciplinary collaboration to achieve optimal health for people, animals and the environment.
ILRI research on foodborne diseases and antimicrobial resistance associated w...ILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace, Florence Mutua, Fred Unger, Johanna Lindahl, Kristina Roesel, Ram Pratim Deka, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Barbara Wieland and Hung Nguyen-Viet at a regional symposium on research into smallholder pig production, health and pork safety, Hanoi, Vietnam, 27–29 March 2019.
Building institutional capacity for information, monitroting and measurement ...2020resilience
The document discusses building institutional capacity for statistics in Ethiopia. It notes that building capacity through developing human resources, legal frameworks, and statistical infrastructure helps create good governance and reliable data. Ethiopia's Central Statistical Agency has focused on training statisticians, strengthening branches with computers, and collaborating with other organizations. Challenges include retaining staff and improving office infrastructure, but lessons from Ethiopia's efforts include owning new techniques, prioritizing agriculture and nutrition data, allocating an annual budget, and utilizing new technologies.
Building resilience by strengthening governance and accountability of post-di...2020resilience
May 17 in Parallel Session 8C "Building resilience by strengthening governance and accountability". Presented by Suprayoga Hadi, Deputy Minister for the Development of Disadvantaged Regions, Indonesia.
Is Better Global Governance of the Food System the Answer to Improve Resilience?2020resilience
May 16 in Parallel Session 3D "Food Price Spikes & Financial Crises: Dealing with Regional and International Market Shocks". Presented by Maximo Torero, IFPRI.
Addressing Social, Health, Nutrition, and Political Shocks2020resilience
The Democratic Republic of the Congo faces an ongoing humanitarian crisis due to protracted conflict and political instability. While there was optimism during the 2003-2006 political transition, the eastern region remains unstable with ongoing violence and displacement of people. Agriculture and food security are largely neglected by the government despite high rates of malnutrition. Food imports have increased substantially while export crops receive little support. Building resilience among communities will be challenging given reliance on emergency aid and weak government institutions.
Refugees, Food Security, and Resilience in Host Communities. 2020resilience
The document summarizes research on the impact of refugees on host communities' food security. While initially refugees and host communities face food security problems, over time markets adapt through labor and goods exchanges. Refugees may increase food production and prices in host areas. More evidence is needed on long-term impacts and how policies can strengthen host resilience, including public goods, infrastructure, and aligning incentives across stakeholders to solve protracted crises. The research agenda should analyze relative impacts of policy options to transition from aid to development.
Lessons Learned from Building Resilience in South Sudan2020resilience
South Sudan gained independence in 2011 with 8.5 million people whose main livelihoods are agriculture, livestock, and fishing, though urban areas depend on food imports. Political instability, declining oil production and taxes, natural disasters, and weak policies have influenced food insecurity. Over 4 in 5 households can meet needs without unsustainable coping strategies, while at least 1 in 5 have minimal food consumption and cannot afford other needs without irreversible strategies. To improve resilience, interventions must address instability, diversify agriculture, strengthen coping strategies, and improve production and market linkages. South Sudan relies heavily on oil exports, so the economy must diversify income generation, especially through prioritizing agriculture.
Harnessing Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Approaches for Improved Resilience2020resilience
1) The document discusses ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) approaches for improving resilience in Africa and implications for policy.
2) It provides examples from Mozambique, Togo, and Burkina Faso that demonstrate how relatively small investments in ecosystem rehabilitation can significantly increase water access, food security, and livelihood opportunities.
3) The author argues that current food security policies focus too much on agricultural productivity and trade while neglecting the central role of ecosystem management. Effective policies should value ecosystems as productive assets and invest in ecosystem restoration to maintain the supply of wild foods and income sources.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Food Safety in Informal Markets
1. Food Safety in Informal Markets
Delia Grace,
Research Theme Leader, CGIAR research program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health
Program Leader, Food Safety & Zoonoses, International Livestock Research Institute
IFPRI 2020 Policy Consultation & Conference
Side event on Food Safety: Options for Addressing a Growing Crisis
May 2014
2. Overview
Different markets: our focus is domestic, informal
markets where most of the poor buy food and where
food safety, nutrition & poverty may trade off
Magnitude of problem: what people worry about
and what makes them ill are not always the same.
We discuss the importance of:
• Perishable foods
• Aflatoxins
• Water associated diseases
Successes: food safety interventions in informal
markets can be feasible, effective and affordable.
3. SSA - 2000
3%
3%
4%
47%
16%
3%
24%
Meat
Dairy
Fruit & Vegetables
Cereals
Roots & Tubers
Dryland crops
Others
Source: Herrero et al 2008
Africa: one billion consumers with high
potential to consume more livestock products
Europe - 2000
10%
11%
5%
31%
5%
1%
37%
Meat
Dairy
Fruit & Vegetables
Cereals
Roots & Tubers
Dryland crops
Others
Europe: ASF 21% of diet
SS Africa: ASF 6% of diet
Diet composition
Diet composition
By 2050: 2 billion consumers
4. Characteristics Benefits
No effective health and
safety regulations;
Many actors;
Pay no tax;
Traditional processing
& retail practices;
Poor infrastructure;
Little support from
public sector or NGO.
Cheap;
Fresh;
Local breeds;
Taste;
Trust vendors;
Credit.
INFORMAL
MARKETSMore than 80% of perishables bought from
informal markets
5. Increasing concerns over food safety
In 7 developing countries studied
• Many/most reported concern over
food safety (40-97%)
• Willing to pay 5-10% premium for
food safety
• Younger, wealthier, town-residing,
supermarket-shoppers willing to pay
more for safety
• Buy 20-40% less during animal
health scares
Jabar et al, Lapar et al
6. Aflatoxin contamination
2004 largest reported outbreak of
aflatoxicosis in Kenya: 317 cases and
125 deaths.
Every hour, 3 Kenyans die from liver
cancer attributable to aflatoxins
2007 – 78% of Kenyans had
detectable aflatoxins in their serum:
age, gender and wealth had no affect
2010 – 2.3 million bags of maize
condemned and trade of maize
prohibited in 31 districts in eastern
Kenya
2014 – 46% of milk sampled in Nairobi
had aflatoxins above the legal limits
Aflatoxins are produced
by fungi which infest
maize and groundnuts
7. High levels of hazards
across different settings and value chains
First reported Trichinella in
pork in Uganda; Listeria in
milk and fish in Ghana
Faecal bacteria unacceptable
in 88% of pork samples in
Nagaland
98% of meat in Ibadan
unacceptable by one or more
of 3 standards (TAC, EB, col)
Unacceptable B. cereus in
24% of boiled milk in
Abidjan
Commercial broilers:
30% of chicken sold in
South Africa unacceptable
for S. aureus
Farmed fish:
77% unacceptable TAC;
69% unacceptable for S.
aureus in Egypt
8. Variable levels of risks and risk factors
4% consumers Vietnam report GIT illness in last 2 weeks
• No relation to pork or meat consumption, strong relation to vegetable
consumption
9% consumers in Nigeria report GIT illness in last 2 weeks
• Strong relation to meat consumption
23% consumers in Nagaland report GIT illness in last 2 weeks
• No relation to pork, meat or vegetable consumption, strong relation to
hygiene
9. Findings are often counter-intuitive
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Poor total bacteria Unacceptable total
bacteria
Unacceptable
faecal bacteria
Unaccpetable
Staph
Unacceptable
listeria
Any unacceptable
Supermarket
Wet market
Village
9
10. Importance of social, economic &
environmental factors
The meat of women butchers in Nigeria had less microbial
contamination than meat of men butchers in the same market.
Urban dairies in Uganda that experienced harassment from
authorities had fewer good practices than those who didn’t.
Food in informal markets is more affordable:
Most common price of
raw milk
Most common price
processed milk
50 KSH a litre 90 KSH a litre
Survey in Dagoretti, Nairobi, 2013
11. Improvements are feasible, effective, affordable
Branding & certification of milk vendors in Kenya
• Led to improved milk safety & saved economy $33 million
Peer training, branding, innovation for Nigerian butchers
• Led to 20% more meat samples meeting standards
• Intervention cost $9/butcher, but resulted in savings of $780/butcher/year
from reduced cost of human illness
Providing information on rational drug use to farmers
• Led to fourfold knowledge increase, twofold better practice, and halving
of disease in animals
11
12. The presentation has a Creative Commons licence. You are free to re-use or distribute this work, provided credit is
given to ILRI.
Better lives through livestock
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