International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
DUAL FIELD DUAL CORE SECURE CRYPTOPROCESSOR ON FPGA PLATFORMVLSICS Design
This paper is devoted to the design of dual core crypto processor for executing both Prime field and binary field instructions. The proposed design is specifically optimized for Field programmable gate array (FPGA) platform. Combination of two different field (prime field GF(p) and Binary field GF(2m)) instructions execution is analysed.The design is implemented in Spartan 3E and virtex5. Both the performance results are compared. The implementation result shows the execution of parallelism using dual field instructions
A high performance fir filter architecture for fixed and reconfigurable appli...Ieee Xpert
A high performance fir filter architecture for fixed and reconfigurable applications A high performance fir filter architecture for fixed and reconfigurable applications A high performance fir filter architecture for fixed and reconfigurable applications A high performance fir filter architecture for fixed and reconfigurable applications
High performance nb-ldpc decoder with reduction of message exchange Ieee Xpert
High performance nb-ldpc decoder with reduction of message exchange High performance nb-ldpc decoder with reduction of message exchange High performance nb-ldpc decoder with reduction of message exchange High performance nb-ldpc decoder with reduction of message exchange
Review of high-speed phase accumulator for direct digital frequency synthesizer IJECEIAES
A review of high-speed pipelined phase accumulator (PA) is proposed in this paper. The detail explanation of ideas, methods and techniques used in previous researches to improve the PA throughput designs were surveyed. The Brent-Kung (BK) adder was modified in this paper to be applied in pipelined PA architecture. A comparison of different adder circuits, includes a modified BK, ripple carry adder (RCA), Kogge-Stone adder (KS) and other prefix adders were applied to architect the PA based on Pipeline technique. The presented pipelined PA design circuit with multiple frequency control word (FCW) and different adders were coded Verilog hardware description language (HDL) code, compiled and verified with field programmable gate array (FPGA) kit platform. The comparison result shows that the modified BK adder has fast performances. The shifted clocking technique is utilized in the proposed pipelined PA circuit to reduce the unwanted repetitive D-flip flop (DFF) registers (coming from the pipeline technique), while preserving the high speed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
DUAL FIELD DUAL CORE SECURE CRYPTOPROCESSOR ON FPGA PLATFORMVLSICS Design
This paper is devoted to the design of dual core crypto processor for executing both Prime field and binary field instructions. The proposed design is specifically optimized for Field programmable gate array (FPGA) platform. Combination of two different field (prime field GF(p) and Binary field GF(2m)) instructions execution is analysed.The design is implemented in Spartan 3E and virtex5. Both the performance results are compared. The implementation result shows the execution of parallelism using dual field instructions
A high performance fir filter architecture for fixed and reconfigurable appli...Ieee Xpert
A high performance fir filter architecture for fixed and reconfigurable applications A high performance fir filter architecture for fixed and reconfigurable applications A high performance fir filter architecture for fixed and reconfigurable applications A high performance fir filter architecture for fixed and reconfigurable applications
High performance nb-ldpc decoder with reduction of message exchange Ieee Xpert
High performance nb-ldpc decoder with reduction of message exchange High performance nb-ldpc decoder with reduction of message exchange High performance nb-ldpc decoder with reduction of message exchange High performance nb-ldpc decoder with reduction of message exchange
Review of high-speed phase accumulator for direct digital frequency synthesizer IJECEIAES
A review of high-speed pipelined phase accumulator (PA) is proposed in this paper. The detail explanation of ideas, methods and techniques used in previous researches to improve the PA throughput designs were surveyed. The Brent-Kung (BK) adder was modified in this paper to be applied in pipelined PA architecture. A comparison of different adder circuits, includes a modified BK, ripple carry adder (RCA), Kogge-Stone adder (KS) and other prefix adders were applied to architect the PA based on Pipeline technique. The presented pipelined PA design circuit with multiple frequency control word (FCW) and different adders were coded Verilog hardware description language (HDL) code, compiled and verified with field programmable gate array (FPGA) kit platform. The comparison result shows that the modified BK adder has fast performances. The shifted clocking technique is utilized in the proposed pipelined PA circuit to reduce the unwanted repetitive D-flip flop (DFF) registers (coming from the pipeline technique), while preserving the high speed.
A Novel VLSI Architecture for FFT Utilizing Proposed 4:2 & 7:2 CompressorIJERD Editor
With the appearance of new innovation in the fields of VLSI and correspondence, there is likewise a perpetually developing interest for fast transforming and low range outline. It is likewise a remarkable certainty that the multiplier unit structures a fundamental piece of processor configuration. Because of this respect, rapid multiplier architectures turn into the need of the day. In this paper, we acquaint a novel structural engineering with perform high velocity duplication utilizing old Vedic math's strategies. Another fast approach using 4:2 compressors and novel 7:2 compressors for expansion has additionally been joined in the same and has been investigated. Upon examination, the compressor based multiplier present in this paper, is just about two times quicker than the mainstream routines for augmentation. Likewise we outline a FFT utilizing compressor based multiplier. This all configuration and examinations were done on a Xilinx Spartan 3e arrangement of FPGA and the timing and zone of the outline, on the same have been ascertained.
Area and Speed Efficient Reversible Fused Radix-2 FFT Unit using 4:3 Compressoridescitation
In this paper, it is proposed to design an area and speed efficient reversible fused
Radix -2 FFT unit using 4:3 compressor. Radix-2 Reversible FFT unit requires 24-bit and
48 – bit reversible adders, 24 – bit and 48 – bit reversible subtractors and 24x24 reversible
multiplier units. In the proposed architecture, the 24-bit adder has been realized as a
reversible carry-look-ahead adder using PRT-2 gate. The proposed reversible carry-look-
ahead adder is efficient in terms of transistor count, critical path delay and garbage outputs.
Reversible subtractor is realized using TR gate with less critical path delay. The 24x24 bit
multiplication operation is fragmented to nine parallel reversible 8x8 bit multiplication
modules. It is proposed to design a new reversible design of the 24x24 bit multiplier in which
the partial products are added using reversible 4:3 compressors which were realized using
PRT-2 gates. The proposed multiplier is optimized in terms of critical path delay and
garbage outputs. This paper describes three reversible fused operations and applies them to
the implementation of Fast Fourier Transform Processors. The fused operations are
reversible add-subtract unit, reversible multiply-add unit and reversible multiply-subtract
unit. Thus, Reversible Radix-2 FFT butterfly unit is implemented efficiently with the three
fused operations. The fused reversible FFT unit using 4:3 compressor operates at a greater
speed and consumes lesser amount of logic resource than the discrete implementation.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
High performance pipelined architecture of elliptic curve scalar multiplicati...Ieee Xpert
High performance pipelined architecture of elliptic curve scalar multiplication over gf(2m) High performance pipelined architecture of elliptic curve scalar multiplication over gf(2m) High performance pipelined architecture of elliptic curve scalar multiplication over gf(2m) High performance pipelined architecture of elliptic curve scalar multiplication over gf(2m)
An Efficient High Speed Design of 16-Bit Sparse-Tree RSFQ AdderIJERA Editor
In this paper, we propse 16-bit sparse tree RSFQ adder (Rapid single flux quantam), kogge-stone adder, carry lookahead adder. In general N-bit adders like Ripple carry adder s(slow adders compare to other adders), and carry lookahead adders(area consuming adders) are used in earlier days. But now the most of industries are using parallel prefix adders because of their advantages compare to kogge-stone adder, carry lookahead adder, Our prefix sparse tree adders are faster and area efficient. Parallel prefix adder is a technique for increasing the speed in DSP processor while performing addition. We simulate and synthesis different types of 16-bit sparse tree RSFQ adders using Xilinx ISE10.1i tool, By using these synthesis results, We noted the performance parameters like number of LUT’s and delay. We compare these three adders interms of LUT’s represents area) and delay values.
Graph based transistor network generation method for supergate designIeee Xpert
Graph based transistor network generation method for supergate design Graph based transistor network generation method for supergate design Graph based transistor network generation method for supergate design Graph based transistor network generation method for supergate design
A comparative study of full adder using static cmos logic styleeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
A study to Design and comparison of Full Adder using Various TechniquesIOSR Journals
Abstract: Adders is widely used in applications such as digital signal processing (DSP) and microprocessors. In this paper Half adders are simulated and analyzed based on power dissipation, area and speed on 90nm technology using Microwind and Dsch tool. Half Adder is the basic building block in Parallel Feedback Carry Adder (PFCA). Keywords: Full adder, Half adder, PFCA, VLSI
A Novel VLSI Architecture for FFT Utilizing Proposed 4:2 & 7:2 CompressorIJERD Editor
With the appearance of new innovation in the fields of VLSI and correspondence, there is likewise a perpetually developing interest for fast transforming and low range outline. It is likewise a remarkable certainty that the multiplier unit structures a fundamental piece of processor configuration. Because of this respect, rapid multiplier architectures turn into the need of the day. In this paper, we acquaint a novel structural engineering with perform high velocity duplication utilizing old Vedic math's strategies. Another fast approach using 4:2 compressors and novel 7:2 compressors for expansion has additionally been joined in the same and has been investigated. Upon examination, the compressor based multiplier present in this paper, is just about two times quicker than the mainstream routines for augmentation. Likewise we outline a FFT utilizing compressor based multiplier. This all configuration and examinations were done on a Xilinx Spartan 3e arrangement of FPGA and the timing and zone of the outline, on the same have been ascertained.
Area and Speed Efficient Reversible Fused Radix-2 FFT Unit using 4:3 Compressoridescitation
In this paper, it is proposed to design an area and speed efficient reversible fused
Radix -2 FFT unit using 4:3 compressor. Radix-2 Reversible FFT unit requires 24-bit and
48 – bit reversible adders, 24 – bit and 48 – bit reversible subtractors and 24x24 reversible
multiplier units. In the proposed architecture, the 24-bit adder has been realized as a
reversible carry-look-ahead adder using PRT-2 gate. The proposed reversible carry-look-
ahead adder is efficient in terms of transistor count, critical path delay and garbage outputs.
Reversible subtractor is realized using TR gate with less critical path delay. The 24x24 bit
multiplication operation is fragmented to nine parallel reversible 8x8 bit multiplication
modules. It is proposed to design a new reversible design of the 24x24 bit multiplier in which
the partial products are added using reversible 4:3 compressors which were realized using
PRT-2 gates. The proposed multiplier is optimized in terms of critical path delay and
garbage outputs. This paper describes three reversible fused operations and applies them to
the implementation of Fast Fourier Transform Processors. The fused operations are
reversible add-subtract unit, reversible multiply-add unit and reversible multiply-subtract
unit. Thus, Reversible Radix-2 FFT butterfly unit is implemented efficiently with the three
fused operations. The fused reversible FFT unit using 4:3 compressor operates at a greater
speed and consumes lesser amount of logic resource than the discrete implementation.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
High performance pipelined architecture of elliptic curve scalar multiplicati...Ieee Xpert
High performance pipelined architecture of elliptic curve scalar multiplication over gf(2m) High performance pipelined architecture of elliptic curve scalar multiplication over gf(2m) High performance pipelined architecture of elliptic curve scalar multiplication over gf(2m) High performance pipelined architecture of elliptic curve scalar multiplication over gf(2m)
An Efficient High Speed Design of 16-Bit Sparse-Tree RSFQ AdderIJERA Editor
In this paper, we propse 16-bit sparse tree RSFQ adder (Rapid single flux quantam), kogge-stone adder, carry lookahead adder. In general N-bit adders like Ripple carry adder s(slow adders compare to other adders), and carry lookahead adders(area consuming adders) are used in earlier days. But now the most of industries are using parallel prefix adders because of their advantages compare to kogge-stone adder, carry lookahead adder, Our prefix sparse tree adders are faster and area efficient. Parallel prefix adder is a technique for increasing the speed in DSP processor while performing addition. We simulate and synthesis different types of 16-bit sparse tree RSFQ adders using Xilinx ISE10.1i tool, By using these synthesis results, We noted the performance parameters like number of LUT’s and delay. We compare these three adders interms of LUT’s represents area) and delay values.
Graph based transistor network generation method for supergate designIeee Xpert
Graph based transistor network generation method for supergate design Graph based transistor network generation method for supergate design Graph based transistor network generation method for supergate design Graph based transistor network generation method for supergate design
A comparative study of full adder using static cmos logic styleeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
A study to Design and comparison of Full Adder using Various TechniquesIOSR Journals
Abstract: Adders is widely used in applications such as digital signal processing (DSP) and microprocessors. In this paper Half adders are simulated and analyzed based on power dissipation, area and speed on 90nm technology using Microwind and Dsch tool. Half Adder is the basic building block in Parallel Feedback Carry Adder (PFCA). Keywords: Full adder, Half adder, PFCA, VLSI
International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) provides a multidisciplinary passage for researchers, managers, professionals, practitioners and students around the globe to publish high quality, peer-reviewed articles on all theoretical and empirical aspects of Engineering and Science.
Implementation of High Throughput Radix-16 FFT ProcessorIJMER
The extension of radix-4 algorithm to radix-16 to achieve the high throughput of 2.59 giga-samples/s for WPAN’s.We are also reformulating radix-16 algorithm to achieve low-complexity and
low area cost and high performance. Radix-16 FFT is obtained by cascaded the radix -4 butterfly
units. It facilitates low-complexity realization of radix-16 butterfly operation and high operation speed
due to its optimized pipelined structure. Besides, a new three-stage multiplier for twiddle factor
multiplication is also proposed, which has lower area and power consumption than conventional
complex multipliers
IMPLEMENTATION OF SDC - SDF ARCHITECTURE FOR RADIX-4 FFT VLSICS Design
Very large scale integration and Digital signal processing are the very crucial technologies from the last
few decades. DSP applications require high performance, low area and low power VLSI circuits. This
paper is discussing about FFT which is one of the vital component in the digital signal processing. In this
Paper, we propose a single path delay commutator–feedback (SDC-SDF) Architecture for Radix-4 FFT
and presented its simulation and synthesis results. The Radix-4 FFT architecture consists of log4 N-1 SDC
Stages and 1 SDF stage. Previously, the radix-2 SDC-SDF (Single path delay commutator-feedback) FFT
architecture was includes log2 N-1 SDC Stages and 1 SDF stage. The proposed Radix-4 SDC-SDF
architecture reduces the number of multiplications and additions as well as number of stages which
achieves reduced area and low power. The resultant architecture is simulated using Modelsim, design
verification and synthesis results are done using Xilinx ISE. The proposed architecture is compared with
Radix-2 SDC-SDF FFT and it can achieve less area as well as low power
International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) provides a multidisciplinary passage for researchers, managers, professionals, practitioners and students around the globe to publish high quality, peer-reviewed articles on all theoretical and empirical aspects of Engineering and Science.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
Implementation of UART with BIST Technique Using Low Power LFSRIJERA Editor
Asynchronous serial communication is usually implemented by Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter
(UART), mostly used for low expense, low speed, short distance data exchange between processor and
peripherals. UART allows full duplex serial communication link, and is used in data communication and control
system. There is a need for realizing the UART function in a single or a very few chips. Further, design systems
without full testability are open to the increased possibility of product failures and missed market opportunities.
Also, it is necessary to ensure the data transfer is error proof. This project targets the introduction of Built-in self
test (BIST) and Status register to UART. The basic idea is to reduce the switching activity among the test
patterns at the most. In this approach, the single input change patterns generated by a counter and a gray code
generator are Exclusive-ORed with the seed generated by the low power linear feedback shift register [LP-LFSR].
The 8-bit UART with status register and BIST module is coded in Verilog HDL and synthesized and simulated
using Xilinx XST and ISim version 14.4 and realized on FPGA.
FPGA Implementation of Mixed Radix CORDIC FFTIJSRD
In this Paper, the architecture and FPGA implementation of a Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) pipeline Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processor is presented. Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) is highly efficient algorithm which uses Divide and Conquer approach for speedy calculation of Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to obtain the frequency spectrum. CORDIC algorithm which is hardware efficient and avoids the use of conventional multiplication and accumulation (MAC) units but evaluates the trigonometric functions by the rotation of a complex vector by means of only add and shift operations. We have developed Fixed point FFT processors using VHDL language for implementation on Field Programmable Gate Array. A Mixed Radix 8 point DIF FFT/IFFT architecture with CORDIC Twiddle factor generation unit with use of pipeline implementation FFT processor has been developed using Xilinx XC3S500E Spartan-3E FPGA and simulated with maximum frequency of 157.359 MHz for 16 bit length 8 point FFT. Results show that the processor uses less number of LUTs and achieves Maximum Frequency.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
DESIGN OF RADIX-8 BOOTH MULTIPLIER USING KOGGESTONE ADDER FOR HIGH SPEED ARIT...eeiej_journal
This paper presents the design and implementation of radix-8 booth Multiplier .The number of partial
products are reduced to n/2 in radix-4We can reduce the number of partial products even further to n/3 by
using a higher radix-8 in the multiplier encoding, thereby obtaining a simpler CSA tree .This implies less
delay and a smaller area size .Since this multiplication operation is for both signed and unsigned
numbers,cost of the system can also be reduced.
High Speed Area Efficient 8-point FFT using Vedic MultiplierIJERA Editor
A high speed fast fourier transform (FFT) design by using three algorithm is presented in this paper. In algorithm 3, 4-bit Vedic multiplier based technique are used in FFT. In this technique used in three 4-bit ripple carry adder and four 2*2 Vedic multiplier. The main parameter of this paper is number of slice, 4-input LUTS and maximum combinational path delay were calculate.
Area efficient parallel LFSR for cyclic redundancy check IJECEIAES
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), code for error detection finds many applications in the field of digital communication, data storage, control system and data compression. CRC encoding operation is carried out by using a Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR). Serial implementation of CRC requires more clock cycles which is equal to data message length plus generator polynomial degree but in parallel implementation of CRC one clock cycle is required if a whole data message is applied at a time. In previous work related to parallel LFSR, hardware complexity of the architecture reduced using a technique named state space transformation. This paper presents detailed explaination of search algorithm implementation and technique to find number of XOR gates required for different CRC algorithms. This paper presents a searching algorithm and new technique to find the number of XOR gates required for different CRC algorithms. The comparison between proposed and previous architectures shows that the number of XOR gates are reduced for CRC algorithms which improve the hardware efficiency. Searching algorithm and all the matrix computations have been performed using MATLAB simulations.
This paper presents a theoretical result in the context of realizing high-speed hardware for parallel CRC checksums. Starting from the serial implementation widely reported in the literature, we have identified a recursive formula from the degree of the polynomial generator. Last, we from which our parallel implementation is derived. In comparison with previous works, the new scheme is faster and more compact and is independent of the technology used in its realization. In our solution, the number of bits processed in parallel can be different have also developed high-level parametric codes that are capable of generating the circuits autonomously when only the polynomial is given.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
1. IOSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSR-JVSP)
e-ISSN: 2319 – 4200, p-ISSN No. : 2319 – 4197 Volume 1, Issue 6 (Mar. – Apr. 2013), PP 68-75
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 68 | Page
Low Power R4SDC Pipelined FFT Processor Architecture
Anjana R1
, Krunal Gandhi2
, Vaishali lad3
Assistant professor 1
,Lecturer 2,3
, Laxmi Institute of technology,Gujarat
Abstract: When the real-time signal processing is required pipelined FFT is the suitable option because of its
high throughput and low power demands. A number of FFT architectures are there. Radix-4 single delay
commutator (R4SDC) architecture is researched in this paper. R4SDC is the most popular pipeline FFT
architectures, because of its efficient use of butterflies and multipliers.
In this a low power technique for the pipeline FFT architecture is discussed. In this, Conventional
R4SDC architecture, complex multiplier, and multiplier-less architecture based on common sub-expression
technique are implemented and compared for 16, 64 and 256-point FFT architectures. A new type of multiplier
algorithm called Multiplier-less architecture is implemented and compared with the carry save array, Wallace
and Conventional complex multiplier (NBW).
I. Conventional R4SDC FFT Architecture
R4SDC was first proposed in [1], a brief introduction is given in Chapter-4. Each stage in R4SDC
includes a complex multipliers and a full radix-4 butterfly. The R4SDC architecture can be directly interfaced to
a sequential word input without the requirement for input buffers. [1]. A 16-point pipeline FFT processor is
shown in Figure 1. Equation 1 defines computation for the first stage [1].
r1-1
x1(q1,m1) = WN
Q
1
m
1 Σ WN1
pm
1 x1(N1p+q1) (1)
p=0
Equation 5.2 defines the computation for the final stage.
rv-1 Qv-1
X(r1r2…rv-1mv + …… + r1m2 + m1) = Σ Wrv xv-1 (qv-1, mv-1) (2)
qv-1 =0
Equation 5.3 defines the computation for the intermediate stages: [Ref.[20]].
qtmt rt-1 pmt
xt(qt,mt) = WNt-1 Σ Wrt xt-1(Ntp+qt mt-1) (3)
p=0
Where for both the equation 5.2 and 5.3, , 2 t v 1, 0 mt ri-1 , 0 qi N-1 and 2 i
v
Figure 1: 16-point pipelineR4SDC processor architecture.
Butterfly:
The butterfly element performs the summation in Equation 1, 2 and 3. The summations can be replaced
by six programmable adder/subtractors with the control circuits, as shown in Figure 2. Three complex
adder/subtractors (each comprising of a real and an imaginary element) are used instead of eight complex
adders. Control signal, stored in ROM unit selects the data fed into add/subs modules, according to the value of
mt. This butterfly architecture generates N outputs consecutively in N word cycles, compared to the R4MDC
butterfly which generates N outputs in N/4 word cycles, with N/3 word cycles idle. [1].
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Figure 2: Conventional butterfly architecture for stage t in R4SDC pipelined FFT.
[1]
Conventional Complex Multiplier
In [Ref 8],a conventional complex multiplier accepts two complex inputs namely data (Xr + jXi) and
coefficient (Wr + jWi) and produces a complex output (XOr + jXOi). It is constructed by using four real
multipliers along an adder and a subtractor. The outputs and inputs are of the complex multiplier are related as:
XOr=(XrWr – XiWi )
XOi=(XiWr – XrWi )
The complex multiplier is shown in Figure 3. The product of the for real multipliers are truncated from 32 bits
to 16 bits. The reduced precision achieves significant saving on hardware implementation, with acceptable error.
Figure 3: The block diagram of the Conventional Complex Multiplier.[2]
5.1.3 Commutator Architecture
In [9], the commutator architecture is conventional R4SDC FFTs is based on the Shift register
architecture (SR) discussed in section 3.2, Chapter-3. Block diagram of the SR architecture is shown in Figure 4.
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Figure 4: General commutator architecture for the radix-4 pipeline FFT processor.[9]
II. Methodology: Ordered R4SDC FFT Architecture
In this approach coefficient are reordered to save the power consumption by reducing the switching
activity between the successive coefficients fed into the complex multiplier. Coefficients are ordered offline.
Corresponding to the coefficient ordering, input is also ordered same as to make it Decimation in frequency
algorithm and also to reduce the switching activity.
Figure5: 16-point ordered R4SDC pipelined FFT architecture [9]. R – RAM
The coefficients are reordered in order to minimize switching activity between successive coefficients
by minimizing the hamming distance for each coefficient transition. The hamming distance is defined as the
number of 1’s of the XOR operation between two binary coefficients. Both original coefficient sequence and
ordered coefficient sequence are encoded with the 16 bit fix point. The switching activity is accumulated by
XOR the present coefficient by the previous coefficient sequence. To develop the minimum switching
activity,we have developed the transition matrix of the hamming distance beween each coefficient as shown in
table.
Our approach involves ordering the coefficient sequence so as to minimize swithing activity between
successive coefficients fed to the multiplier for stage 1 of q 16-point FFT as listed in table 1.
Table 1
The transition matrix of switching activity
between each two coefficient with 16 word length
W0 W1 W2 W3 W4 W6 W9
W0 0 15 17 19 3 21 13
W1 15 0 14 16 12 20 24
W2 17 14 0 14 14 16 14
W3 19 16 14 0 16 12 18
W4 3 12 14 16 0 20 16
W6 21 20 16 12 20 0 16
W9 13 24 14 18 16 16 0
From this transition matrix, we can arrange the twiddle factor in order to minimize the switching
activity easily. The Coefficients are ordered so as to minimize switching activity between successive
coefficients by minimizing the hamming distance between them.The ordered coefficient set is obtained by first
arranging only imaginary part of the coefficient set on the basis of Hamming distance. It is followed by picking
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up the corresponding real part of the coefficient or its two’s complement depending upon the hamming distance
with respect to the previously arranged real part.
The design complexity of ordered FFT and the size of the additional RAM increases as the size of the
additional RAM increase as the size of the FFTs increases. Hence the reordering technique is suitable for stage-
1 of a 16-point radix-4 FFT processor due to the need of restoring data ordering for the following stage.
Complex Multiplication
First, we discuss the implementations of complex multiplications with real multiplication.The product
of complex numbers,X=A+jB and Y=C+jD is (A+jB)(C+jD)=(AC-BD)+j(AD+BC). The direct computations of
complex multiplications requires four real multiplications and two two additions and thus requires large chip
area and power consumption.
Another method to compute a complex multiplications is to modify the original computation is to
modify the original computation as follows.
Figure 6 Multiplierless architecture for complex multiplier [9].
Butterfly Architecture: The most important element in FFT processor is a butterfly structure. It
takes two signed fixed-point data from memory register and computes the FFT algorithm. The output results are
written back in same memory location as the previous input stored. This method is called in-placement memory
storage whereby it can reduce the hardware utilization. The butterfly architecture is shown in Fig. 6. The adder
sums the input before being multiplied by the twiddle factor. The multiplier forms the partial product of the
complex multiplication and produce two times bigger then input bit. Shift register would shift the bits to avoid
overflow issue. Output of this butterfly would be kept in the register for the subsequent stage.
Figure 7 Butterfly architecture
III. Results:
The results are compared with the different FFT architecture implementations In this, as per the
project requirements, Conventional 16-point and Scheme I 16-point FFT architectural implementation are
discussed with the area and power calculations. All the other proposed architectural implementations and results
are discussed briefly.
The 16-point R4SDC is synthesised at 16ns clock cycle, using the Cadence RTL Compiler targeted at
0.18 CMOS technology library. Power evaluations were carried out, usingCadence RTL compiler, at 16ns
clock cycle for 16-point FFT. Table 5 and 6 provide information about the main modules for each
implementation.
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IV. Simulation Results
Analysis :
Commutator converts serial input to parallel output so that butterfly can receive these outputs at different clock
with Nt delays.
Figure 8:Commutator
Analysis
The butterfly element is used to perform addition and subtraction. It accepts four input and produces four
output.Here xre0,xre1,xre2,xre3,xim0,xim1,xim2,xim3 are the inputs and
yre0,yre1,yre2,yre3,yim0,yim1,yim2,yim3 are the outputs.
Figure 9: Radix-4 FFT
Analysis
Complex multiplier multiplier accepts two complex inputs namely data (Xr + jXi) and coefficient (Wr + jWi) and
produces a complex output (XOr + jXOi). It is constructed by using four real multipliers along an adder and a
subtractor.
Figure 10: Complex Multiplier
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Analysis
The pipelined FFT Processor accepts serial input and produces the output depending upon the applied
clock. The input is 32 bit complex data and output is 32 bit complex data. For easy understanding all the inputs
and the outputs are shown.
Figure 11: Inputs for pipelined FFT
Analysis
The output is 32 bit complex data. Commutator accepts serial input and produces the parallel output with Nt
delays. The size of commutator is 3N/2.so the output is delayed by 3N/2 bits.
Figure 12 outputs for pipelined FFT
The graphical power and area comparison between the all the 5 architectures is shown in Figure 10 and 11.
7. Low Power R4sdc Pipelined Fft Processor Architecture
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Figure 13: Power reduction of Ordered and Scheme I-III relative to ordinary FFT
Figure 14: Area of Conventional FFT, Ordered FFT and Scheme I-III
This comparison result gives us very brief and concise information that which architectural combination is best
for the design? As can bee seen by the figures above the scheme III outperforms all the other architectures both
in power and area. So in respect with the above comparisons results we will compare the area and power for our
designed architectures.
The comparative power and area results are shown in Figure 5.13 and 5.14 respectively. Clearly, for the scheme
II-III for the 16-point FFT, the best possible power savings results are achieved.
Table 2
16 point FFT
Slack Time
(ns)
Conventional 7.89
Scheme II 7.6
Scheme III 0.049
Timing Analysis for 16-point R4SDC FFT.
V. Summary.
In this work, we have discussed low power design techniques for multiplier and butterfly units. Based
on the combination of the above two low power techniques with the ordered commutator architecture proposed
in Chapter-4, low power 16-point R4SDC FFT architecture is implemented. Power and area parameters are
calculated and discussed in the end of the chapter.
The multiplier-less architecture can also be utilised in the long FFTs, but where the area reduction is a
major constraint, with a slight expense of power Scheme I or NBW type conventional multiplier can be used.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
In %
conventional
ordered
scheme I
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
In um
conventional
ordered
scheme I
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ISCAS 2005. IEEE International Symposium on 23-26 May 2005 Page(s):5274 - 5277