International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) provides a multidisciplinary passage for researchers, managers, professionals, practitioners and students around the globe to publish high quality, peer-reviewed articles on all theoretical and empirical aspects of Engineering and Science.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
Design of Multiplier Less 32 Tap FIR Filter using VHDLIJMER
This Paper provide the principles of Distributed Arithmetic, and introduce it into the FIR
filters design, and then presents a 32-Tap FIR low-pass filter using Distributed Arithmetic, which save
considerable MAC blocks to decrease the circuit scale and pipeline structure is also used to increase the
system speed. The implementation of FIR filters on FPGA based on traditional method costs considerable
hardware resources, which goes against the decrease of circuit scale and the increase of system speed.
It is very well known that the FIR filter consists of Delay elements, Multipliers and Adders. Because of
usage of Multipliers in early design gives rise to 2 demerits that are:
(i) Increase in Area and
(ii) Increase in the Delay which ultimately results in low performance (Less speed).
So the Distributed Arithmetic for FIR Filter design and Implementation is provided in this work to solve
this problem. Distributed Arithmetic structure is used to increase the recourse usage and pipeline
structure is used to increase the system speed. Distributed Arithmetic can save considerable hardware
resources through using LUT to take the place of MAC units
RISC Implementation Of Digital IIR Filter in DSPiosrjce
This paper is base on the implementation of Reduce Instruction set computer with the application of
Discrete Cosine transform (DCT) , Inverse DCT, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Fast Fourier
Transform (FFT), Digital filter are performed by DSP system. Digital filter is one of the important contents of
digital signal process. The performance of the processor design is improved by using the pipeline approach. It
allows the processor to work on different steps of the instruction at the same time, thus more instruction can be
executed in a shorter period of time. The analysis of this processor will provide various features including
arithmetic operations. The speed of operation is mainly affected by the computational complexity due to
multipliers and adder modules of the digital systems. Our work will targets the computer architecture courses
and presents an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) implementation of a MIPS (Microprocessor without
Interlocked Pipeline Stages) via VHDL (Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language)
design. The latency and computational time is utmost important in microprocessor. Thus we design the
multiplier and adder module with improve latency and computational time.
"Digital Systems Design" undergraduate course slides, By Dr. Reza Sameni, presented at Shiraz University, Shiraz, IRAN, Revision: June 2018, WEB: www.sameni.info, EMAIL: reza.sameni@gmail.com
Design of low power cmos logic circuits using gate diffusion input (gdi) tech...VLSICS Design
The Gate diffusion input (GDI) is a novel technique
for low power digital circuit design. This techniq
ue
reduces the power dissipation, propagation delay, a
rea of digital circuits and it maintains low comple
xity
of logic design. In this paper, the 4×1 Multiplexer
, 8×3 Encoder, BCD Counter and Mealy State Machine
were implemented by using Pass Transistors (PT), Tr
ansmission Gate (TG) and Gate Diffusion Input (GDI)
technique and then they were compared with each oth
er for power dissipation. The Multiplexers and
Encoders are combinational circuits and Counters an
d mealy machines are sequential circuits both of th
em
are very important digital systems so power optimiz
ation should be done to those digital circuits. The
whole processes for development of digital circuits
and simulation was done by using the mentor graphi
cs
backend tool. This method can also be extended to t
he processors and other high level designs for
optimization of power dissipation, area and delay i
n order to increase the circuit efficiency.
Design of Multiplier Less 32 Tap FIR Filter using VHDLIJMER
This Paper provide the principles of Distributed Arithmetic, and introduce it into the FIR
filters design, and then presents a 32-Tap FIR low-pass filter using Distributed Arithmetic, which save
considerable MAC blocks to decrease the circuit scale and pipeline structure is also used to increase the
system speed. The implementation of FIR filters on FPGA based on traditional method costs considerable
hardware resources, which goes against the decrease of circuit scale and the increase of system speed.
It is very well known that the FIR filter consists of Delay elements, Multipliers and Adders. Because of
usage of Multipliers in early design gives rise to 2 demerits that are:
(i) Increase in Area and
(ii) Increase in the Delay which ultimately results in low performance (Less speed).
So the Distributed Arithmetic for FIR Filter design and Implementation is provided in this work to solve
this problem. Distributed Arithmetic structure is used to increase the recourse usage and pipeline
structure is used to increase the system speed. Distributed Arithmetic can save considerable hardware
resources through using LUT to take the place of MAC units
RISC Implementation Of Digital IIR Filter in DSPiosrjce
This paper is base on the implementation of Reduce Instruction set computer with the application of
Discrete Cosine transform (DCT) , Inverse DCT, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Fast Fourier
Transform (FFT), Digital filter are performed by DSP system. Digital filter is one of the important contents of
digital signal process. The performance of the processor design is improved by using the pipeline approach. It
allows the processor to work on different steps of the instruction at the same time, thus more instruction can be
executed in a shorter period of time. The analysis of this processor will provide various features including
arithmetic operations. The speed of operation is mainly affected by the computational complexity due to
multipliers and adder modules of the digital systems. Our work will targets the computer architecture courses
and presents an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) implementation of a MIPS (Microprocessor without
Interlocked Pipeline Stages) via VHDL (Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language)
design. The latency and computational time is utmost important in microprocessor. Thus we design the
multiplier and adder module with improve latency and computational time.
"Digital Systems Design" undergraduate course slides, By Dr. Reza Sameni, presented at Shiraz University, Shiraz, IRAN, Revision: June 2018, WEB: www.sameni.info, EMAIL: reza.sameni@gmail.com
Design of low power cmos logic circuits using gate diffusion input (gdi) tech...VLSICS Design
The Gate diffusion input (GDI) is a novel technique
for low power digital circuit design. This techniq
ue
reduces the power dissipation, propagation delay, a
rea of digital circuits and it maintains low comple
xity
of logic design. In this paper, the 4×1 Multiplexer
, 8×3 Encoder, BCD Counter and Mealy State Machine
were implemented by using Pass Transistors (PT), Tr
ansmission Gate (TG) and Gate Diffusion Input (GDI)
technique and then they were compared with each oth
er for power dissipation. The Multiplexers and
Encoders are combinational circuits and Counters an
d mealy machines are sequential circuits both of th
em
are very important digital systems so power optimiz
ation should be done to those digital circuits. The
whole processes for development of digital circuits
and simulation was done by using the mentor graphi
cs
backend tool. This method can also be extended to t
he processors and other high level designs for
optimization of power dissipation, area and delay i
n order to increase the circuit efficiency.
Basic signal processing system design on fpga using lms based adaptive filtereSAT Journals
Abstract
Adaptive digital filter based on LMS algorithms widely used in the area of digital signal processing to iteratively estimate the
statistics of an unknown signal. Design of an adaptive filter is based on three major computing elements namely multiplier, adder
and delay unit torealize the Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter. The filter weights( coefficient) of the FIR filter are adjusted
automatically by Least Mean Square of the error so as to match the adapted output to the desired input. This paper explains the
design of adaptive filter by two approaches. One is model based approach and other is Field Programmable Gate Arrays
(FPGAs). The model based design approach is developed around MATLAB, SIMULINK and SYSTEM GENERATOR tools, which
provide a virtual FPGA platform. Modern FPGA include the resources needed to design efficient filtering structures. The LMS
algorithm has been implemented on CYCLONE II EP2C35F672C8 FPGA device, using ALTERA QUARTUS II development
platform. The three major demonstrable applications cited in the present work are System Identification, Noise reduction and
Echo cancellation.
Keywords – Signal Processing; FPGA; Adaptive Filter; DE2KIT
Synthesis & FPGA Implementation of UART IP Soft Coreijsrd.com
this paper presents synthesis and hardware implementation of fully functional Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter Intellectual Property core using XILINX SPARTAN-3 XC3S400 series FPGA. The UART soft core module consists of a transmitter along with baud rate generator and a receiver module with false start bit detection features. This has been implemented using VERILOG hardware description language and synthesized using XILINX ISE development tools. All behavioral simulation of UART module performed using MODELSIM simulator. After successful FPGA implementation transmitter and receiver module was tested by connecting FPGA board with Hyper Terminal software via RS232 interface at a data speed of 9.6 kbps.
A brief idea on ARM Cortex-R series. Its comparison with Arm A and Arm M series processors.Applications of Arm Cortex R series in Texas Instruments microcontroller.
Transfer of ut information from fpga through ethernet interfaceeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
FPGA based Efficient Interpolator design using DALUT Algorithmcscpconf
Interpolator is an important sampling device used for multirate filtering to provide signal processing in wireless communication system. There are many applications in which sampling rate must be changed. Interpolators and decimators are utilized to increase or decrease the sampling rate. In this paper an efficient method has been presented to implement high speed and area efficient interpolator for wireless communication systems. A multiplier less technique is used which substitutes multiplyand-accumulate operations with look up table (LUT) accesses. Interpolator has been implemented using Partitioned distributed arithmetic look up table (DALUT) technique. This technique has been used to take an optimal advantage of embedded LUTs of the target FPGA. This method is useful to enhance the system performance in terms of speed and area. The proposed interpolator has been designed using half band poly phase FIR structure with Matlab, simulated with ISE, synthesized with Xilinx Synthesis Tools (XST) and implemented on Spartan-3E and Virtex2pro device. The proposed LUT based multiplier less approach has shown a maximum operating frequency of 92.859 MHz with Virtex Pro and 61.6 MHz with Spartan 3E by consuming considerably less resources to provide cost effective solution for wireless communication systems.
FPGA based Efficient Interpolator design using DALUT Algorithmcscpconf
Interpolator is an important sampling device used for multirate filtering to
provide signal processing in wireless communication system. There are many
applications in which sampling rate must be changed. Interpolators and decimators are
utilized to increase or decrease the sampling rate. In this paper an efficient method has
been presented to implement high speed and area efficient interpolator for wireless
communication systems. A multiplier less technique is used which substitutes multiplyand-accumulate
operations with look up table (LUT) accesses. Interpolator has been
implemented using Partitioned distributed arithmetic look up table (DALUT)
technique. This technique has been used to take an optimal advantage of embedded
LUTs of the target FPGA. This method is useful to enhance the system performance in
terms of speed and area. The proposed interpolator has been designed using half band
poly phase FIR structure with Matlab, simulated with ISE, synthesized with Xilinx
Synthesis Tools (XST) and implemented on Spartan-3E and Virtex2pro device. The
proposed LUT based multiplier less approach has shown a maximum operating
frequency of 92.859 MHz with Virtex Pro and 61.6 MHz with Spartan 3E by
consuming considerably less resources to provide cost effective solution for wireless
communication systems.
“FIELD PROGRAMMABLE DSP ARRAYS” - A NOVEL RECONFIGURABLE ARCHITECTURE FOR EFF...sipij
Digital Signal Processing functions are widely used in real time high speed applications. Those functions
are generally implemented either on ASICs with inflexibility, or on FPGAs with bottlenecks of relatively
smaller utilization factor or lower speed compared to ASIC. The proposed reconfigurable DSP processor is
redolent to FPGA, but with basic fixed Common Modules (CMs) (like adders, subtractors, multipliers,
scaling units, shifters) instead of CLBs. This paper introduces the development of a reconfigurable DSP
processor that integrates different filter and transform functions. The switching between DSP functions is
occurred by reconfiguring the interconnection between CMs. Validation of the proposed reconfigurable
architecture has been achieved on Virtex5 FPGA. The architecture provides sufficient amount of flexibility,
parallelism and scalability.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Analysis of different FIR Filter Design Method in terms of Resource Utilizati...ijsrd.com
In this paper fully parallel FIR filters are designed with different design method on FPGA for resource utilization and response analysis. fully parallel band-pass FIR filters with same specification designed and simulated on ISE. The suggested implementations are synthesized with Xilinx ISE 14.2 version. Results show comparison of three different filter design methods in terms of resource utilization.
Basic signal processing system design on fpga using lms based adaptive filtereSAT Journals
Abstract
Adaptive digital filter based on LMS algorithms widely used in the area of digital signal processing to iteratively estimate the
statistics of an unknown signal. Design of an adaptive filter is based on three major computing elements namely multiplier, adder
and delay unit torealize the Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter. The filter weights( coefficient) of the FIR filter are adjusted
automatically by Least Mean Square of the error so as to match the adapted output to the desired input. This paper explains the
design of adaptive filter by two approaches. One is model based approach and other is Field Programmable Gate Arrays
(FPGAs). The model based design approach is developed around MATLAB, SIMULINK and SYSTEM GENERATOR tools, which
provide a virtual FPGA platform. Modern FPGA include the resources needed to design efficient filtering structures. The LMS
algorithm has been implemented on CYCLONE II EP2C35F672C8 FPGA device, using ALTERA QUARTUS II development
platform. The three major demonstrable applications cited in the present work are System Identification, Noise reduction and
Echo cancellation.
Keywords – Signal Processing; FPGA; Adaptive Filter; DE2KIT
Synthesis & FPGA Implementation of UART IP Soft Coreijsrd.com
this paper presents synthesis and hardware implementation of fully functional Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter Intellectual Property core using XILINX SPARTAN-3 XC3S400 series FPGA. The UART soft core module consists of a transmitter along with baud rate generator and a receiver module with false start bit detection features. This has been implemented using VERILOG hardware description language and synthesized using XILINX ISE development tools. All behavioral simulation of UART module performed using MODELSIM simulator. After successful FPGA implementation transmitter and receiver module was tested by connecting FPGA board with Hyper Terminal software via RS232 interface at a data speed of 9.6 kbps.
A brief idea on ARM Cortex-R series. Its comparison with Arm A and Arm M series processors.Applications of Arm Cortex R series in Texas Instruments microcontroller.
Transfer of ut information from fpga through ethernet interfaceeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
FPGA based Efficient Interpolator design using DALUT Algorithmcscpconf
Interpolator is an important sampling device used for multirate filtering to provide signal processing in wireless communication system. There are many applications in which sampling rate must be changed. Interpolators and decimators are utilized to increase or decrease the sampling rate. In this paper an efficient method has been presented to implement high speed and area efficient interpolator for wireless communication systems. A multiplier less technique is used which substitutes multiplyand-accumulate operations with look up table (LUT) accesses. Interpolator has been implemented using Partitioned distributed arithmetic look up table (DALUT) technique. This technique has been used to take an optimal advantage of embedded LUTs of the target FPGA. This method is useful to enhance the system performance in terms of speed and area. The proposed interpolator has been designed using half band poly phase FIR structure with Matlab, simulated with ISE, synthesized with Xilinx Synthesis Tools (XST) and implemented on Spartan-3E and Virtex2pro device. The proposed LUT based multiplier less approach has shown a maximum operating frequency of 92.859 MHz with Virtex Pro and 61.6 MHz with Spartan 3E by consuming considerably less resources to provide cost effective solution for wireless communication systems.
FPGA based Efficient Interpolator design using DALUT Algorithmcscpconf
Interpolator is an important sampling device used for multirate filtering to
provide signal processing in wireless communication system. There are many
applications in which sampling rate must be changed. Interpolators and decimators are
utilized to increase or decrease the sampling rate. In this paper an efficient method has
been presented to implement high speed and area efficient interpolator for wireless
communication systems. A multiplier less technique is used which substitutes multiplyand-accumulate
operations with look up table (LUT) accesses. Interpolator has been
implemented using Partitioned distributed arithmetic look up table (DALUT)
technique. This technique has been used to take an optimal advantage of embedded
LUTs of the target FPGA. This method is useful to enhance the system performance in
terms of speed and area. The proposed interpolator has been designed using half band
poly phase FIR structure with Matlab, simulated with ISE, synthesized with Xilinx
Synthesis Tools (XST) and implemented on Spartan-3E and Virtex2pro device. The
proposed LUT based multiplier less approach has shown a maximum operating
frequency of 92.859 MHz with Virtex Pro and 61.6 MHz with Spartan 3E by
consuming considerably less resources to provide cost effective solution for wireless
communication systems.
“FIELD PROGRAMMABLE DSP ARRAYS” - A NOVEL RECONFIGURABLE ARCHITECTURE FOR EFF...sipij
Digital Signal Processing functions are widely used in real time high speed applications. Those functions
are generally implemented either on ASICs with inflexibility, or on FPGAs with bottlenecks of relatively
smaller utilization factor or lower speed compared to ASIC. The proposed reconfigurable DSP processor is
redolent to FPGA, but with basic fixed Common Modules (CMs) (like adders, subtractors, multipliers,
scaling units, shifters) instead of CLBs. This paper introduces the development of a reconfigurable DSP
processor that integrates different filter and transform functions. The switching between DSP functions is
occurred by reconfiguring the interconnection between CMs. Validation of the proposed reconfigurable
architecture has been achieved on Virtex5 FPGA. The architecture provides sufficient amount of flexibility,
parallelism and scalability.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Analysis of different FIR Filter Design Method in terms of Resource Utilizati...ijsrd.com
In this paper fully parallel FIR filters are designed with different design method on FPGA for resource utilization and response analysis. fully parallel band-pass FIR filters with same specification designed and simulated on ISE. The suggested implementations are synthesized with Xilinx ISE 14.2 version. Results show comparison of three different filter design methods in terms of resource utilization.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
FPGA Implementation of FIR Filter using Various Algorithms: A RetrospectiveIJORCS
This Paper is a review study of FPGA implementation of Finite Impulse response (FIR) with low cost and high performance. The key observation of this paper is an elaborate analysis about hardware implementations of FIR filters using different algorithm i.e., Distributed Arithmetic (DA), DA-Offset Binary Coding (DA-OBC), Common Sub-expression Elimination (CSE) and sum-of-power-of-two (SOPOT) with less resources and without affecting the performance of the original FIR Filter.
Performance Analysis and Simulation of Decimator for Multirate ApplicationsIJEEE
In this paper, a decimator design has been presented for multirate digital signal processing. The decimator design has been analysed and simulated for performance comparison in terms of filter order and ripple factor. Direct form-I with decimation factor 2 have been used for performance and ripple analysis. The decimators have been designed & simulated using MATLAB. It can be observed from the simulated results that as we increase the filter order, ripple factor decreases, for the same filter structure. On the other hand, increasing filter order will increase its area and implementation cost.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Design of Optimized FIR Filter Using FCSD Representation IJEEE
This paper presents the design and implementation of an eight order efficient FIR filter for wireless communication system. In this work, factored canonical signed digit representation (FCSD) is used for representing the filter coefficients in order to reduce the design complexity, area and delay of the FIR filter. Complexity of the system has been reduced by replacing binary coefficients with FCSD representation. Further area and delay has been improved by replacing multiplication operation with add and shift method where carry save adder (CSA) is used for addition of two numbers and barrel shifter is used for shifting the data words. Representation of coefficient in the FCSD format along with fastest adder and shifter improves the performance of the system. FIR filter has been designed using an equiripple method in MATLAB and further synthesized on Spartan 3E XC3S500E target FPGA device. Simulation results show that optimized FCSD based FIR filter offers a less number of slices, look up tables (LUTs) and flip-flops as compared to CSD and conventional FCSD based FIR filter, in addition to enhanced performance.
Fault Tolerant Parallel Filters Based On Bch CodesIJERA Editor
Digital filters are used in signal processing and communication systems. In some cases, the reliability of those
systems is critical, and fault tolerant filter implementations are needed. Over the years, many techniques that
exploit the filters’ structure and properties to achieve fault tolerance have been proposed. As technology scales,
it enables more complex systems that incorporate many filters. In those complex systems, it is common that
some of the filters operate in parallel, for example, by applying the same filter to different input signals.
Recently, a simple technique that exploits the presence of parallel filters to achieve multiple fault tolerance has
been presented. In this brief, that idea is generalized to show that parallel filters can be protected using Bose–
Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem codes (BCH) in which each filter is the equivalent of a bit in a traditional ECC. This
new scheme allows more efficient protection when the number of parallel filters is large.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
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But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
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Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4
FPGA Implementation of High Speed FIR Filters and less power consumption structure
1. International Journal of Engineering Inventions
e-ISSN: 2278-7461, p-ISSN: 2319-6491
Volume 2, Issue 12 (August 2013) PP: 05-10
www.ijeijournal.com Page | 5
FPGA Implementation of High Speed FIR Filters and less power
consumption structure
1
Deepak Shankhala, 2
Anoop Kumawat
1(
Lecturer, Electronics & Communication Engineering Department
JECRC UDML College of Engineering, JECRC Foundation, Jaipur (Rajasthan)
2
(Lecturer, Electronics & Communication Engineering Department
JECRC UDML College of Engineering, JECRC Foundation, Jaipur (Rajasthan)
Abstract: FPGAs are being increasingly used for a variety of computationally intensive applications, mainly in
the realm of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) and communications. This paper describe the development of FIR
filter on Field programmable gate array (FPGAs) using Xilinx. FIR filter has been designed and realized by
FPGA for filtering the digital signal because the term digital filter arises because these filters operate on
discrete-time signals. So to designing The FIR filter the coefficient are generate by using MAT Lab FDATOOL
and making to delay with signal Xilinx XC3S400FPGA(ISE 13.1) is considered. Process is done by taking the 16
Bit signed data for input and 38 bit for output (6 Bit extra). To verify the designed with proper power
consumption output simulation, compilation and synthesis have been done. Field-Programmable gate Array
(FPGA) has become an extremely cost-effective means of off-loading computationally intensive digital signal
processing algorithms to means of off-loading computationally intensive digital signal processing
algorithms to the dedicated hardware resources can effectively achieve application-specific integrated
circuit (ASIC)-like performance while reducing development time cost and risks.
Keywords: FIR filter, FPGA, VHDL code, MATLAB.
I. INTRODUCTION
For Designing FIR filtre By Frequency Sampling Method On FPGA for filtering the digital signal .This
technique can be used any FPGA Families. Now a day we can write any filter designing code can be implement
this code on hardware by using the optical link for required processing. In FPGA which is used thousand of
memory element and gate can be process easily and fast this code. The reality is that today digital systems are
designed by writing software in the form of hardware description languages (HDLs). Computer-aided design
tools are used to both simulate VHDL design and to synthesize the design to actual hardware.
Due to rapid increases in the technology, current generation of FPGAs contain a very high number of
Configureurable Logic Blocks (CLBs), and are becoming more feasible for implementing a wide range of
applications. The high non recurring engineering (NRE) costs and long development time for ASICs are making
FPGAs more attractive for application specific DSP solutions. DSP functions such as FIR filters and transforms
are used in a number of applications such as communication and multimedia. These functions are major
determinants of the performance and power consumption of the whole system. Therefore it is important to have
good tools for optimizing these functions.
The designing of an FIR filter (with less power and less taking time) in VHDL with MATLAB (For the
generation of coefficient of filter)and programming it on to an FPGA is explained in this paper Implementation
of code. VHDL and MATLAB and basic digital filter equation concept are used.
II. FPGAIMPLEMENTATION OF HIGH SPEED FIR FILTERS
A method for implementing high speed Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters using just registered
adders and hardwired shifts. We extensively use a modified common sub expression elimination algorithm
to reduce the number of adders. We target our optimizations to Xilinx Virtex III devices where we compare
our implementations with those produced by Xilinx ISE 3.1 using Distributed Arithmetic.
III. METHAMATICAL ANALYSIS OF FIR FILTER
DSP functions such as FIR filters and transforms are used in a number of applications such as
communication and multimedia. These functions are major determinants of the performance and Power
consumption of the whole system. Therefore it is important to have good tools for optimizing these functions.
Equation (I) represents the output of an L tap FIR filter, which is the convolution of the latest L
input samples. List the number of coefficients h(k) of the filter, and x(n) represents the input time series.
y[n] = ∑ h[k] x[n-k] k= 0, 1, ..., L-1 (I)
2. FPGAImplementation of High Speed FIR Filters and less power consumption structure
www.ijeijournal.com Page | 6
The conventional tapped delay line realization of this inner product is shown in Figure 5.1. This
implementation ran slates to L multiplications and L-1 additions per sample to compute the result. This can
be implemented using a single Multiply Accumulate (MAC) engine, but it would require L MAC cycles, before
the next input sample can be processed. Using a parallel implementation with L MACs can speed up the
performance L times.
A general purpose multiplier occupies a large area on FPGAs. Since all the multiplications are with
constants, the full flexibility of a general purpose multiplier is not required, and the area can be vastly reduced
using techniques develop for constant multiplication.Though most of the current generation FPGAs such as
Virtex II have embedded multipliers to handle these multiplications, the number of these multipliers is typically
limited.
Furthermore, the size of these multipliers is limited to only 18 bits, which limits the precision of the
computations for high speed requirements. The ideal implementation would involve a sharing of the
Combinational Logic Blocks (CLBs) and these multipliers. In this p a p e r , w e present a t e c h n i q u e
that i s better than conventional techniques for implementation on the CLBs.
Figure5.1. A FIR filter block diagram
An alternative to the above approach is Distributed Arithmetic (DA) which is a well known method to
save resources. Using DA method, the filter can be implemented either in bit serial or fully parallel mode to
trade bandwidth for area utilization. Assuming coefficients c[n] are known constants, equation (I) can be
rewritten as follows: y[n] = ∑ c[n] · x[n] n = 0, 1, …, N-1
(II) Variable x[n] can be represented by:
x [n] = ∑ xb [n] · 2b b=0, 1, …, B-1 (III)
x[b] [n] € [0, 1]
where xb [n] is the bth bit of x[n] and B is the input width. Finally, the inner product can be
rewritten as follows: y = ∑ c[n] ∑ xb [k] · 2b
y= c[0] (xB-1 [0]2B-1 + xB-2 [0]2B-2 + … + x0 [0]20 ) + c[1] (xB-1 [1]2B-1 + xB-2 [1]2B-2 + … + x0
[1]20 ) + ……. + c[N-1] (xB-1 [N-1]2B-1 + xB-2 [0]2B-2 + … + x0 [N-1]2
0 )
y= (c[0] xB-1 [0] + c[1] xB-1 [1] + … + c[N-1] xB-1 [N- 1])2B-1 +(c[0] xB-2 [0] + c[1] xB-2 [1] + … +
c[N-1] xB-2 [N- 1])2B-2
+ ….. + (c[0] x0 [0] + c[1] x0 [1] + … + c[N-1] x0 [N-1])20
y = ∑ 2b ∑ c[n] · xb [k] (IV)
where n=0, 1, …, N-1 and b=0, 1, …, B-1
The coefficients in most of DSP applications for the multiply accumulate operation are constants. The
partial products are obtained by multiplying the coefficients ci by multiplying one bit of data xi at a
time in AND operation. These partial products should be added and the result depend only on the outputs of
the input shift registers.
The AND functions and adders can be replaced by Look Up Tables (LUTs) that gives the partial
product. This is shown in Figure 5.2. Input sequence is fed into the shift register at the input sample rate.
The serial output is presented to the RAM based shift registers (registers are not shown in Figure for
simplicity) at the bit clock rate which is n+1 times (n is number of bits in a data input sample) the sample
rate.
The RAM based shift register stores the data in a particular address. The outputs of registered
LUTs are added and loaded to the scaling accumulator from LSB to MSB and the result which is
the filter output will be accumulated over the time.
For an n bit input, n+1 clock cycles are needed for a symmetrical filter to generate the output
3. FPGAImplementation of High Speed FIR Filters and less power consumption structure
www.ijeijournal.com Page | 7
IV. STEP OF CODING DESIGNING AND PARAMETER OF FIR FILTER
Step 1: Coefficient generate through the MATLAB
Step 2: Decide the level (Till 36), product and sum 0 to 31
Step 3: Port mapping (Input and output)
filter input 16 bit
filter output 32 bit
Step 4: Coefficient declaration
Step 5: Signal declaration (for the product)
Step 6: Addition and subtraction
Step 7: Delay pipe line process 0 to 80 coefficient
Step 8: Multiply output save as product
Step 9: Resize (match with previous value)
IV.1 Coefficient selection step by using MATLAB
The window, optimal and frequency sampling method are the most commonly used for designing filter
coefficient. In this paper the frequency sampling method is used for designing the FIR filter.. Flow chart in the
Figure 4.1 shows the generation of the coefficient of the FIR filter generated through MATLAB software. As
seen in the flow chart, coefficients generation requires three inputs, first is the starting and ends of the band,
second is the input sampling frequency and finally the order of the filter. The coefficient generated for the eight
stages FIR filter so the order of the filter is sixteen
4.1 Filter Coefficient Design
IV.1.1 Frequency Sampling Method: The frequency sampling method allows us to design nonrecursive
FIR filter for both standard frequency filters (low pass, high pass & band pass filter) and filter with
arbitrary y frequency response. A unique attraction of the frequency sampling method is that it also allows
recursive implementation of FIR filters.
IV.1.2 No recursive frequency sampling:To obtain the FIR coefficients of the filter whose frequency
response is depicted in Figure 2.3 By taking N samples the frequency response at intervals of Kfs/N,
k=0,1,……N-1.
The filter coefficients can be obtained as inverse DFT of frequency samples.
h(n) = 1/𝑁 H(k)𝑒 𝑗 (2𝜋/𝑁)𝑛𝑘
𝑛−1
𝑘=0
Where H(k) k = 0, 1, 2,"""".., N-1, are sample of the ideal frequency response. The impulse response
coefficients of linear phase FIR filter with positive symmetry, for N even, can be expressed as:
h(n) = 1/𝑁 2|H(k)|cos[2πk(n − α)
𝑁
2
−1
𝑘=1
/ N] + H(0)
Where " = (N-1)/2, and H(k) are the samples of the frequency response of the filter taken at intervals
of k Fs/N. For N odd, the upper limit in the summation is (N-1)/2.The resulting filter will have exactly
the same frequency response as the original response at the sampling instants. To obtain a good
4. FPGAImplementation of High Speed FIR Filters and less power consumption structure
www.ijeijournal.com Page | 8
approximation to the desired frequency response, a sufficient number of frequency samples must be taken.
An alternative frequency sampling filter, know as type 2, results if frequency
Sample taken at intervals of
fk = (k+1/2)Fs/N. k = 0,1,2,3…………..,N-1
To improve the amplitude response of frequency samples in the wider transition, introducing
frequency samples in the transition band. For a low pass filter the stop band attenuation increases,
approximately, by 20 dB for each transition band frequency sample, with a corresponding increase in the
transition width:
Approximate stopband attenuation (25+20M) dB
Approximate transition width (M+1)Fs/N
Where M is the number of transition band frequency samples and N is the filter length.
IV.1.3 Recursive frequency sampling: Recursive forms of the frequency sampling offer significant
computational advantages over the no recursive forms if a large number of frequency samples are zero
valued. The transfer function of an FIR filter, H (z) can be expressed in a recursive form:
H z = 1 − 𝑍−𝑁
/𝑁 H(k)/ 𝑍−1
𝑒
𝑗2𝜋𝑘
𝑁
𝑛−1
𝑘=0
Thus in recursive form, H(z ) can be viewed as a cascade of two filters: a comb filter,
H( z) zeros uniformly distributed around the unit circle, and a sum of N which has N single all-pole
filters,H(z) The zero of comb filter and the poles of the single pole filters are coincide on the unit circle
at points .Thus the zero cancel the pole, making H( z) an FIR as it effectively has no poles.
In practice, due to finite word length effects the poles of H2 (z) not to be located exactly on unit circle so
that they are not cancelled by the zeros, making H(z) IIR and potentially unstable. Stability problems can
be avoided by sampling H(z) at a radius, r, slightly less than unity. Thus the transfer function in this case
becomes
H z = 1 − 𝑟 𝑁
𝑍−𝑁
/𝑁 H(k)/ 1 − 𝑟𝑍−1
𝑒
𝑗2𝜋𝑘
𝑁
𝑛−1
𝑘=0
In general, the frequency samples, H(k) are complex. Thus direct implementation requires complex
arithmetic. To avoid this, the symmetry inherent use in frequency response of any FIR filters with real
impulse, . So above equation can expressed as
V. FPGA IMPLEMENTATION STEP
The coefficient and input sinusoidal signal is generated in the MATLAB and it converted into
hexadecimal values by digitization. The hexadecimal values of coefficient and signal are proceeded to obtain the
desire output through the multiplication and addition is done with IP cores which is inbuilt in Xilinx 10.1
software. Figure 7 shows the design flow of the entire process of FIR filter implementation on FPGA through
VHDL coding done in Xilinx ISE design suit 10.1 versions.
5. FPGAImplementation of High Speed FIR Filters and less power consumption structure
www.ijeijournal.com Page | 9
VI. COMMENT ON FLOW CHART OF CODING
A multiplier less technique, based on the add and shift method and common sub expression elimination
for low area, low power and high speed implementations of FIR filters. We validated our techniques on
Virtex IITM
devices where we observed significant area and power reductions over traditional Distributed Arithmetic based
techniques. In future, we would like to modify our algorithm to make use of the limited number of embedded
multipliers available on the FPGA devices.
VII. HARDWARE PERFORMANCE
The system above was implemented on a Xilinx Virtex II Pro FPGA (part number XCVP50) on a Cray
XD1. The FPGA synthesized system ran at 160 MHz. FPGAs contain a certain amount of logic (AND, OR, etc.)
and memory (block RAM) on chip. Any design is converted to a circuit that is programmed on the FPGA. Our
circuit used 69% of the logic and 75% of the memory on the FPGA. The algorithm was also implemented in
Matlab and in C.
VIII. RESULTS
VIII.1 Device
Table 8.1
Name Type
Family Virtex4
| Part xc4vsx35
| Package ff668
Grade Commercial
Process Typical
Speed Grade -10
VIII.2 Default Activity Rates
Table 8.2
FF Toggle Rate (%)
| I/O Toggle Rate (%)
| Output Load (pF) (%)
| I/O Enable Rate (%)
| BRAM Write Rate (%)
| BRAM Enable Rate (%)
| DSP Toggle Rate (%)
12.5
12.5
5
100
50
25
12.5
6. FPGAImplementation of High Speed FIR Filters and less power consumption structure
www.ijeijournal.com Page | 10
VIII.3 Summary
8 .3.1 An On-Chip Power Summary
Table 8.4
On chip Power(mw) used available Utilization
Clocks 36.54 1 --- ---
Logic 0 87 2506 30720
Signals 0.00 11309 --- ---
IOs 0.00 | 124 448 28
DSPs 0.00 118 192 61
Quiescent 439.52 - - -
Total 476.06 - - -
VIII.3.2 B Thermal summary
Table 8.5
Thermal NEEDED
Effective TJA (C/W) 8.31.0
Junction Temp (C 54
Max Ambient (C) 83
VIII .3.3 C Power Supply Summary
Power Supply Summary
Table 8.6
Total Dynamic Quiescent
Total power
(mw)
476.06 36.54 439.52
VIII.3.4 D Power Supply Currents
Table 8.7
Supply source Supply voltage Total current
(mA)
Dynamic
Current(mA)
Quiescent
Current
Vcc int 1.200 248.28 30.45 217.83
Vcc aux 2.500 70.00 0.00 70.00
Vcco 25 2.500 1.25 0.00 1.25
IX. CONCLUSION
This paper has discussed an effective method for designing FIR filter of isolated less power consume
and less delay time. It presents a parallel designing of filter for image recognition recent years there has been a
steady movement towards the development of image recognigation technologies to replace or enhance text input
called as have Mobile, video Search Applications. Recently NASA is working search applications. Future work
can include improving the recognition filter design of the individual image reorganization by combining the
multiple classifiers. Matched filters are designed to extract the maximum SNR of a signal that is buried in noise.
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[4]. #An Introduction to Digital Filters$ by INTERSIL, Application Note, January 1999.
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[6]. http://www.Xilinx.com/bvdocs/whitepapers/wp116.pdf
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Issue 6, June – 2013.