This document discusses coccidian protozoa, an obligate intestinal parasite found worldwide in subtropical and tropical regions. It has a complex life cycle involving both sexual and asexual reproduction. Symptoms in humans include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. It is transmitted through the fecal-oral route due to ingestion of contaminated food or water in areas with poor sanitation. Diagnosis involves finding oocysts in stool samples under a microscope. Treatment involves antibiotics like trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Prevention relies on proper sanitation and hygiene practices.

2.  Coccidian protozoan
 Obligate parasite

Single-celled

3.  Worldwide
 Subtropical
 Tropical

4. 




Domain: Eukaryote
Phylum: Apicomplexa
Class: Coccidia
Order: Eucoccidiorida
Family: Eimeriidae

5. 
intestinal villus (enterocytes)

lamina propria of the villus

6. 1.
2.
Sexual
Asexual

7. 




Immature, unsporulated oocyst is excreted through
feces.
Sporoblast divides into two
Each sporoblast develops into a sporocyst with 4
sporozoites, resulting in mature oocysts. The time spent
in stages 1 through 3 is 2-3 days.
Mature oocyst is ingested.
Oocyst bursts. Sporozoites are released and lodge into
the intestinal lining. Sporozoites undergo asexual
reproduction to form merozoites. The merozoites
mature into gametes which undergo fertilization to
produce a new oocyst

9. 
Small intestine

10. Oocyst.
Size:
 20-23 μm long
 10-19 μm wide


11. 
Human

Animal

12. o
o
o
o
.
Transmitted by fecal-oral contamination.
Occurs poor sanitation conditions.
3-14 day incubation period between the
ingestion of an infectious oocyst and onset
of symptoms.
After ingestion, the sporozoites invade in
the small intestine which eventually
destroys these cells.

13.  Water

contaminated food

Poor sanitation

14. Acute infection include:
Diarrhea with abdominal pain
 Malabsorption
 Weight loss


15. 
Abdominal pain and cramping

Anorexia and weight loss

General malaise

Low fever

Vomiting

16. 
Oocysts in the feces

Duodenal biopsy

Enterotest

17. Typical laboratory analyses include:


Microscopy
Morphologic
comparison
intestinal parasites
 Bench aids for Isospora
with
other

18. 
Warn travelers not to visit regions where the
protozoan is endemic

19. 
Trimethoprim
(TMP)

Sulfamethoxazole
(SMZ)

Co-trimoxazole