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Ticks identification
This document identifies and describes the key distinguishing features of hard and soft ticks. It outlines the mouthpart length, eye presence, color patterns, festoons, anal plates, and leg features that differentiate tick genera including Ixodes, Amblyomma, Hyalomma, Dermacentor, Rhipicephalus, Boophilus, Haemaphysalis, Margaropus, and Rhipicentor. Soft tick genera such as Argas, Otobius, and Ornithodoros are also characterized based on features of their mouthparts, eyes, body shape, and integument.
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Ticks identification
- 1. Soft and HardTicks IDENTIFICATION POINTS
- 2. Identification Points • Lengthof mouthparts • Eyes or eyeless • Conscutum ornate or inornate • Colour of legs • Festoons or no festoons • Anal plates or no anal plates
- 3.
- 4. Mouth Parts (HardTicks)
- 5. IXODES Palps Long &Slender Color Pattern Absent Eyes Absent Festoones Absent Anal Groove Adanal Plates Several flat ventral plates Legs Slender & Uniform Color Other
- 6. AMBLYOMMA Palps Long Colour PatternPresent Eyes Flat-Convex Festoones Present & ventral scutes Anal Groove Adanal Plates Platelets Legs Annulated Other
- 7. HYALOMMA Palps Long Colour PatternAbsent Eyes Convex Festoones Present (Some species reduced in number) Anal Groove Adanal Plates Anals, Accessory & Sub- Anals Legs Annulated Other
- 8. DERMACENTOR Palps Medium &Broad Colour Pattern Present Eyes Present Festoones Present Anal Groove Adanal Plates Absent Legs Uniform Color Other Enlarged Coxa 4
- 9. RHIPICEPHALUS Palps Medium Colour PatternAbsent Eyes Flat-Convex Festoones Present Anal Groove Adanal Plates Anals & Accessory +/- Legs Uniform Color Other Caudal Process +/-
- 10. BOOPHILUS Palps Short Colour PatternAbsent Eyes Present (Indistinct) Festoones Absent Anal Groove Adanal Plates Anals & Accessory Legs Slender, Yellow, Slightly be added Other Caudal process absent
- 11. HAEMAPHYSALIS Palps Short, 2ndsegment laterally extended Colour Pattern Absent Eyes Absent Festoones Present ( Some species reduced in numbers Anal Groove Adanal Plates Absent Legs Slender & Uniform color Other
- 12. Margaropus • Mouthparts veryshort • Conscutum thin and transparent and the dark pattern of the caeca can be seen from above • Eyes present but not conspicuous • No festoons • Adanal plates on males well developed • Banded legs • The segments of the fourth pair of legs in males are markedly enlarged • One-host ticks
- 13. Rhipicentor • Mouthparts ofmedium length • Eyes present • Festoons present • Adanal plates absent • Three-host ticks
- 14.
- 15. Argas • Mouthparts recessedventrally and not visible from above (except in larvae) • Eyes absent • Spiracular plate postero-laterally between 3rd and 4th pair of legs • Numerous symmetrically arranged discs on dorsal side of body • Several nymphal stages
- 16. Otobius • Dark, violin-shapedadults • Mouthparts recessed ventrally and not visible from above (except in larvae) • No lateral suture line on adults • Nymphs diamond-shaped • Larvae pear-shaped with clearly visibly anteriorly projecting mouthparts
- 17. Ornithodoros • Leathery-mammillated integument •Mouthparts recessed ventrally and not visible from above (except in larvae) • Body margin rounded • Supra-coxal fold • Eyes absent or two pairs in the supra-coxal fold
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