This document discusses Islamic perspectives on stem cell research and transplantation. It outlines arguments against using embryonic stem cells due to concerns that the embryo is a human and should not be harmed. It also notes that embryonic stem cells are a source of ethical controversy as obtaining them involves denying the potential for life. The document discusses permissible sources of stem cells according to a fatwa, including adults with consent, placenta or umbilical cord blood with parental permission, and excess IVF embryos donated by parents. Induced pluripotent stem cells are also mentioned as an alternative that does not require embryonic tissue.
presentation on battles over human embryos and stem cell research ......For any doubts in presentation contact
Gandhi Manikandan
https://www.facebook.com/gandhi.manikandan.39
or email gk.manikandan1996313@gmail.com
My first ppt with so much effort - hope u like it n many are pictures without explanation u can use the link in few slides for additional information
Thank you.
presentation on battles over human embryos and stem cell research ......For any doubts in presentation contact
Gandhi Manikandan
https://www.facebook.com/gandhi.manikandan.39
or email gk.manikandan1996313@gmail.com
My first ppt with so much effort - hope u like it n many are pictures without explanation u can use the link in few slides for additional information
Thank you.
Ethical issues associated with fertility treatmentChris Willmott
These slides are from a talk I was invited to give at the Teacher Scientist Network (www.tsn.org.uk) Master Class on Reproductive Technologies.
This turns out to be a series of CPD events for science teachers from East Anglia, hosted on the Norwich Research Park. The aim of the events is specifically to inform teachers about cutting edge developments in biology and biomedicine (rather than, say, discuss suitable classroom activities). It looks like they've got a really good thing going - congratulations to Phil Smith who organises the TSN.
Details of the day can be found at http://tinyurl.com/tsnfertility My slides are presented her unaltered from the version I used on the day. With hindsight, on the basis of discussion after the talk, I might have added in a couple of things. For example, I gather that from an Islamic perspective the soul is not believed to have entered the body at the time when PGD would be conducted and hence this is culturally acceptable (and preferable to, for example, a later termination).
see more resources at bioethicsbytes.wordpress.com
The use of stem cells in office procedures as the practice of medicine is commercializing in the USA, there are risks that arise because of this, but there are also benefits that are possible. Regulation is needed, but barring an MD and its patient from these procedures simply pushes them outside of the country or into incognito modes. This is where true danger arises, a path to expeditiously and ethically practice should be established where the patient consent is true, and the doctor is enhanced in his practice rather than tied down.
Ethical issues associated with fertility treatmentChris Willmott
These slides are from a talk I was invited to give at the Teacher Scientist Network (www.tsn.org.uk) Master Class on Reproductive Technologies.
This turns out to be a series of CPD events for science teachers from East Anglia, hosted on the Norwich Research Park. The aim of the events is specifically to inform teachers about cutting edge developments in biology and biomedicine (rather than, say, discuss suitable classroom activities). It looks like they've got a really good thing going - congratulations to Phil Smith who organises the TSN.
Details of the day can be found at http://tinyurl.com/tsnfertility My slides are presented her unaltered from the version I used on the day. With hindsight, on the basis of discussion after the talk, I might have added in a couple of things. For example, I gather that from an Islamic perspective the soul is not believed to have entered the body at the time when PGD would be conducted and hence this is culturally acceptable (and preferable to, for example, a later termination).
see more resources at bioethicsbytes.wordpress.com
The use of stem cells in office procedures as the practice of medicine is commercializing in the USA, there are risks that arise because of this, but there are also benefits that are possible. Regulation is needed, but barring an MD and its patient from these procedures simply pushes them outside of the country or into incognito modes. This is where true danger arises, a path to expeditiously and ethically practice should be established where the patient consent is true, and the doctor is enhanced in his practice rather than tied down.
Ethical isssues related to research in embryonic stem cell cloning.Gowripriya Thirumugam
Embryonic stem cell
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are stem cells derived from the undifferentiated inner mass cells of a human embryo.
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they are able to grow (i.e. differentiate) into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm.
In other words, they can develop into each of the more than 200 cell types of the adult body as long as they are specified to do so.
Embryonic stem cells are distinguished by two distinctive properties: their pluripotency, and their ability to replicate indefinitely.
ES cells are pluripotent, that is, they are able to differentiate into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.
These include each of the more than 220 cell types in the adult body.
Pluripotency distinguishes embryonic stem cells from adult stem cells found in adults; while embryonic stem cells can generate all cell types in the body, adult stem cells are multipotent and can produce only a limited number of cell types.
Additionally, under defined conditions, embryonic stem cells are capable of propagating themselves indefinitely.
This allows embryonic stem cells to be employed as useful tools for both research and regenerative medicine, because they can produce limitless numbers of themselves for continued research or clinical use.
Because of their plasticity and potentially unlimited capacity for self-renewal, ES cell therapies have been proposed for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injury or disease.
Diseases that could potentially be treated by pluripotent stem cells include a number of blood and immune-system related genetic diseases, cancers, and disorders; juvenile diabetes;
Parkinson's; blindness and spinal cord injuries.
Besides the ethical concerns of stem cell therapy, there is a technical problem of graft-versus-host disease associated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
However, these problems associated with histocompatibility may be solved using autologous donor adult stem cells, therapeutic cloning, stem cell banks or more recently by reprogramming of somatic cells with defined factors (e.g. induced pluripotent stem cells).
Other potential uses of embryonic stem cells include investigation of early human development, study of genetic disease and as in vitro systems for toxicology testing.
stem cell research is yet to be advanced , once fully developed can alleviate human suffering, this ppt reviews the contemporary evidence, pitfalls and challenges
Introduction.
Properties of Stem Cells.
Key Research events.
Embryonic Stem Cell.
Stem cell Cultivation.
Stem cells are central to three processes in an organism.
Research & Clinical Application of stem cell.
Research patents.
Conclusion.
Reference.
The ISSCR is an independent, nonprofit organization providin.docxoreo10
The ISSCR is an independent, nonprofit
organization providing a global forum for
stem cell research and regenerative medicine.
Stem Cell
Facts
What are stem cells?
Stem cells are the foundation cells for every organ and
tissue in our bodies. The highly specialized cells that make
up these tissues originally came from an initial pool of stem
cells formed shortly after fertilization. Throughout our lives,
we continue to rely on stem cells to replace injured tissues
and cells that are lost every day, such as those in our skin,
hair, blood and the lining of our gut. Stem cells have two
key properties: 1) the ability to self-renew, dividing in a
way that makes copies of themselves, and 2) the ability to
differentiate, giving rise to the mature types of cells that
make up our organs and tissues.
Tissue-specific stem cells
Tissue-specific stem cells, which are sometimes referred to
as “adult” or “somatic” stem cells, are already somewhat
specialized and can produce some or all of the mature
cell types found within the particular tissue or organ in
which they reside. Because of their ability to generate
multiple, organ-specific, cell types, they are described as
“multipotent.” For example, stem cells found within the
adult brain are capable of making neurons and two types of
glial cells, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.
Tissue-specific stem cells have been found in several organs
that need to continuously replenish themselves, such as the
blood, skin and gut and have even been found in other, less
regenerative, organs such as the brain. These types of stem
cells represent a very small population and are often buried
deep within a given tissue, making them difficult to identify,
isolate and grow in a laboratory setting.
Neuron – Dr. Gerry Shaw, EnCor Biotechnology Inc.
Astrocyte – Abcam Inc.
Oligodendrocyte – Dhaunchak and Nave (2007).
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:17813-8
www.isscr.org
Embryonic stem cells
Embryonic stem cells have been derived from a variety
of species, including humans, and are described as
“pluripotent,” meaning that they can generate all the
different types of cells in the body. Embryonic stem cells
can be obtained from the blastocyst, a very early stage
of development that consists of a mostly hollow ball of
approximately 150-200 cells and is barely visible to the
naked eye. At this stage, there are no organs, not even
blood, just an “inner cell mass” from which embryonic stem
cells can be obtained. Human embryonic stem cells are
derived primarily from blastocysts that were created by
in vitro fertilization (IVF) for assisted reproduction but
were no longer needed.
The fertilized egg and the cells that immediately arise in the
first few divisions are “totipotent.” This means that, under
the right conditions, they can generate a viable embryo
(including support tissues such as the placenta). Within a
matter of days, however, these cells transition to become
pluripote ...
describing the decision making process in deciding which implant to use for trochanteric fractures and its complications - done for Basic AO course in Bengbu, China
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
2. Argument against
Embryo as source of embryonic stem cell
- it is a human and it is wrong to harm a human
destroy a potential for life, the embryo, to save the life of
someone else
not produced any cures for disease yet
tendency for stem cells to develop tumors
reject the implanted cells as foreign objects
3. Maqasid al shari’at
(Purposes of the Law)
Ethical procedures conform to and do not violate the FIVE maqasid
al shari’at
preservation of religion (hifdh al ddiin)
preservation of life (hifdh an nafs)
preservation of progeny (hifdh al nasl)
preservation of the intellect (hifdh al ‘aql)
preservation of resources (hifdh al maal)
4. Ethical controversy about embryonic stem cells:
The use of adult stem cells or cells from the umbilical cord
raises few ethical controversies.
Embryonic stem cells, unlike adult stem cells, are a
source of ethical controversy because they are obtained
from embryonic tissue, either pre-implantation or post-implantation.
Use of such tissue involves violation of the
purpose of preserving life, hifdh an nafs. Since the cell
is a potential human life its use in research or
transplantation involves denial of that life.
Prof. Omar Hasan Kasule
Pioneer in integrating Islamic medicine into
medical practice and teaching
5. Muzakarah Fatwa Committee of the National Council for
Islamic Affairs Malaysia
Therapeutic cloning for medical purposes such as creating
specific cells or replaced damaged organs with regard to
border measures permitted by Islamic law is required.
Research on embryo should be done before the ‘alaqah
(blastocyst) stage
6. Acc. to fatwa:
It is permissible to acquire, grow and use stem cells for
therapy or scientific research as long as the cells’ sources are
permissible. Examples of permissible sources are:
Adults who consent as long as it does not inflict harm on
them
Children whose guardians consent for a legal benefit
without inflicting harm on the children
Placenta or umbilical cord blood with the permission of the
parents
Spontaneously aborted embryos or those aborted for a
legally acceptable cause and with the permission of the
parents
Excess fertilized eggs produced during the course of IVF
and donated by the parents with assurance that they are
not to be used to produce an illegal pregnancy
7. It is forbidden to obtain or use stem cells if its source is
forbidden.
Fetuses intentionally aborted without a legal medical
reason
Intentional fertilization between a donated ovum and
sperm (created embryo)
therapeutic cloning (if it is just used to create an embryo to
be a stem cell donor or in the context of “reproductive”
cloning)
8. Fatwa from:
Muslim Word League. Islamic Jurisprudence Council
Conference, Dec 13-17, 2003, Makka, Saudi Arabia. Fatwa
number 3. Regarding stem cells.
Muzakarah Fatwa Committee of the National Council for Islamic
Affairs Malaysia, February 22, 2005
9. Any other alternative??
Induced-pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)
Definition:
Adult cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to
an embryonic state
10. 1.Deactivated
viruses introduce
regulator genes into
adult skin cell
2.Regulator genes
land randomly on
chromosome
3.The genes
integrate into the skin
cell’s DNA
4.The new gene
start regulating the
other genes of the
skin cell
5.Reverse into
embryonic state
11. References
1. JIMA: Volume 39, 2007Prospects and Ethics of Stem Cell Research:
An Islamic Perspective (Hossam E. Fadel, MD, PhD, FACOG
Director of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University Hospital
Clinical Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of
Georgia Augusta, Georgia)
2. Prof Omar Hasan Kasule Tripod
3. Himpunan Keputusan Muzakarah Jawatankuasa Fatwa Majlis Kebangsaan
Bagi Hal Ehwal Ugama Islam Malaysia Mengenai Isu-isu Sains dan Perubatan
