Embryonic stem cell research
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This document discusses embryonic stem cell research, including the science behind it, the controversy, and alternatives. It explains that embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated cells derived from embryos that can differentiate into specialized cells. While this provides potential medical benefits, it also raises ethical issues regarding the status of embryos. The document outlines perspectives from both supporters and opponents and discusses moving forward to resolve the related ethical and legal questions.
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Stem cells
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into other cell types and divide to produce more stem cells. They are found in multicellular organisms and have two key properties - self-renewal and potency. There are several sources of stem cells including embryonic stem cells derived from embryos, adult stem cells found in adult tissues, and induced pluripotent stem cells produced by reprogramming adult cells. Stem cells offer promise for regenerative medicine but also raise ethical issues when derived from human embryos.
Stem cells
Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can differentiate into other cell types. They have two key characteristics - differentiation and self-regeneration. Different types of stem cells exist that can differentiate into various numbers of cell types. In human development, totipotent stem cells like zygotes differentiate to form the whole pool of stem cells needed to develop the body's parts. Understanding stem cell roles in development points to their potential for regenerating damaged adult organs and tissues.
Xenotransplantation
This document discusses the history and current state of xenotransplantation, which is the transplantation of living cells, tissues, or organs between different species. It traces early attempts using animal tissues in humans back to the 17th century. More recent research has involved transplanting organs from primates and pigs into humans with limited success due to immune rejection. While the need for donor organs is growing, current research focuses on genetically modifying pigs to reduce rejection and prevent disease transmission. However, ethical concerns remain regarding animal welfare and public health risks.
Introduction to stem cell
Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the ability to differentiate into specialized cell types. There are several types of stem cells including embryonic stem cells, which can differentiate into any cell type, and adult or tissue stem cells, which can only differentiate into a limited number of cell types. Stem cells offer potential applications for cell therapy and drug development due to their unique abilities to self-renew and differentiate. However, there are still many challenges to the clinical application of stem cells, such as controlling differentiation and preventing immune rejection.
Stem Cell
Stem cell therapy is the use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. Bone marrow transplant is the most widely used stem cell therapy, but some therapies derived from umbilical cord blood are also in use.
Stem cells
Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into various cell types and can help treat many medical conditions. There are two main types - embryonic stem cells which are pluripotent and can form nearly every cell type, and adult stem cells which are multipotent and usually form a limited number of cell types. Recent research has shown that mature cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells through nuclear transfer or the introduction of specific factors. This opens up new possibilities for regenerative medicine and treating diseases.
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This document discusses stem cell niches and their therapeutic applications. It defines a stem cell niche as the microenvironment where stem cells reside, and notes that niches consist of niche cells, stem cells, signals and extracellular matrix that regulate stem cell behavior. Different types of niches are described for blood, cartilage, bone, neural and skin stem cells. The roles of various signaling pathways in maintaining the stem cell niche are also outlined. Finally, the document discusses current and potential future therapeutic applications of stem cells for treating various diseases.
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Stem cells
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into other cell types and divide to produce more stem cells. They are found in multicellular organisms and have two key properties - self-renewal and potency. There are several sources of stem cells including embryonic stem cells derived from embryos, adult stem cells found in adult tissues, and induced pluripotent stem cells produced by reprogramming adult cells. Stem cells offer promise for regenerative medicine but also raise ethical issues when derived from human embryos.
Stem cells
Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can differentiate into other cell types. They have two key characteristics - differentiation and self-regeneration. Different types of stem cells exist that can differentiate into various numbers of cell types. In human development, totipotent stem cells like zygotes differentiate to form the whole pool of stem cells needed to develop the body's parts. Understanding stem cell roles in development points to their potential for regenerating damaged adult organs and tissues.
Xenotransplantation
This document discusses the history and current state of xenotransplantation, which is the transplantation of living cells, tissues, or organs between different species. It traces early attempts using animal tissues in humans back to the 17th century. More recent research has involved transplanting organs from primates and pigs into humans with limited success due to immune rejection. While the need for donor organs is growing, current research focuses on genetically modifying pigs to reduce rejection and prevent disease transmission. However, ethical concerns remain regarding animal welfare and public health risks.
Introduction to stem cell
Stem cells are unspecialized cells that have the ability to differentiate into specialized cell types. There are several types of stem cells including embryonic stem cells, which can differentiate into any cell type, and adult or tissue stem cells, which can only differentiate into a limited number of cell types. Stem cells offer potential applications for cell therapy and drug development due to their unique abilities to self-renew and differentiate. However, there are still many challenges to the clinical application of stem cells, such as controlling differentiation and preventing immune rejection.
Stem Cell
Stem cell therapy is the use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. Bone marrow transplant is the most widely used stem cell therapy, but some therapies derived from umbilical cord blood are also in use.
Stem cells
Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into various cell types and can help treat many medical conditions. There are two main types - embryonic stem cells which are pluripotent and can form nearly every cell type, and adult stem cells which are multipotent and usually form a limited number of cell types. Recent research has shown that mature cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells through nuclear transfer or the introduction of specific factors. This opens up new possibilities for regenerative medicine and treating diseases.
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This document discusses stem cell niches and their therapeutic applications. It defines a stem cell niche as the microenvironment where stem cells reside, and notes that niches consist of niche cells, stem cells, signals and extracellular matrix that regulate stem cell behavior. Different types of niches are described for blood, cartilage, bone, neural and skin stem cells. The roles of various signaling pathways in maintaining the stem cell niche are also outlined. Finally, the document discusses current and potential future therapeutic applications of stem cells for treating various diseases.
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But something astounding happened in the year 2006 that removed the usage of surplus embryos from the equation altogether. It’s about a brand new technology that can turn back the clock on your body cells. This is cutting edge of science where new developments are happing all the time. The iPSCs could be the potential medicine of 21st century. So what are stem cells? Why do they Matter? What are iPSCs and how it changed the biological rules?
Stem cells
Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can differentiate into specialized cell types. There are two main types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, which are derived from embryos and are pluripotent, and adult stem cells, which are multipotent and found in adult tissues. Stem cell research holds promise for developing new treatments for diseases by enabling cell regeneration and replacement. However, there are still challenges to overcome regarding isolating and delivering stem cells safely and effectively for clinical applications.
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Stem cells have the potential to treat many diseases and regenerate tissues due to their unique ability to differentiate into various cell types. There are four main types of stem cells: totipotent stem cells from early embryos, pluripotent stem cells from later embryos, multipotent adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells created in labs. Researchers have studied embryonic stem cells since 1998 and have made progress in growing various cell types, but their use remains controversial due to ethical concerns around destroying embryos. Adult stem cells found in tissues show promise for regenerative medicine but have more limited differentiation potential.
Stem cell culture, its application
Introduction.
Properties of Stem Cells.
Key Research events.
Embryonic Stem Cell.
Stem cell Cultivation.
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Research & Clinical Application of stem cell.
Research patents.
Conclusion.
Reference.
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Stem Cells
Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can differentiate into diverse specialized cell types and can self-renew to produce more stem cells. There are several types of stem cells including totipotent stem cells found in early embryos that can differentiate into any cell type, pluripotent stem cells like embryonic stem cells that can differentiate into any cell type but not extraembryonic tissues, and multipotent adult stem cells that reside in tissues and can differentiate into a limited number of closely related cell types to replace damaged cells. Stem cell potency refers to the differentiation potential of the cell with totipotent stem cells having the greatest potential and unipotent stem cells the lowest.
STEM CELL CULTURE
This document discusses stem cell culture and provides definitions, classifications, and methods for culturing different types of stem cells. It summarizes the history of stem cell research from 1981 to present. It describes embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells including bone marrow and umbilical cord stem cells. Methods are outlined for isolating and culturing stem cells from bone marrow and umbilical cord. Advantages and disadvantages of different stem cell sources are compared.
EXTRACTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF BLEBS IN HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELL
A main objective of this paper is
to extract bleb from the human
embryonic stem cells. Blebbing is an
important biological indicator in
determining the health of human
embryonic stem cells (hESC). Especially,
areas of a bleb sequence in a video are
often used to distinguish two cells
blebbing behaviours in HESC; dynamic
and apoptotic blessings. Here analyses
active contour segmentation method for
bleb extraction in hESC videos and
introduces a bio-inspired score function
to improve the performance in bleb
extraction. The full bleb formation
consists of bulb expansion and retraction.
Blebs change their size and image
properties dynamically in both processes
and between frames. Therefore, adaptive
parameters are needed for each
segmentation method. A score function
derived from the change of bleb area and
orientation between consecutive frames with cuckoo optimization is proposed
which provides adaptive parameters for
bleb extraction in videos and classified
using artificial neural networks (ANN).
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Properties of Stem Cells.
Key Research events.
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Stem cell Cultivation.
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Research & Clinical Application of stem cell.
Research patents.
Conclusion.
Reference.
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This document discusses different types of mammalian cell culture. It describes primary cell culture, which uses cells directly from tissue that can undergo a limited number of divisions before senescing. Finite and continuous cell lines can proliferate for extended periods through transformation or immortalization. Common cell lines include HeLa cells and other tumor-derived lines. The document also covers techniques for attachment and suspension cell culture, and factors that influence cell growth in vitro.
Adult stem cells
definition
properties
characteristics
types
maintainance
cell proliferation in development and differentiation
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Stem cell research holds promise for new medical treatments but also raises ethical issues. There are several types of stem cells with varying differentiation potential. Embryonic stem cells can become any cell type but their extraction requires embryo destruction, raising moral concerns for some. Adult stem cells are more limited in differentiation but do not require embryo destruction. Religious views vary between support and opposition to embryonic research. Overall, the document discusses stem cell biology and properties, sources of stem cells, the potential medical applications and ethical issues surrounding stem cell research.
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Transgenic pig
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Stem cell therapy
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EXTRACTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF BLEBS IN HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELL
A main objective of this paper is
to extract bleb from the human
embryonic stem cells. Blebbing is an
important biological indicator in
determining the health of human
embryonic stem cells (hESC). Especially,
areas of a bleb sequence in a video are
often used to distinguish two cells
blebbing behaviours in HESC; dynamic
and apoptotic blessings. Here analyses
active contour segmentation method for
bleb extraction in hESC videos and
introduces a bio-inspired score function
to improve the performance in bleb
extraction. The full bleb formation
consists of bulb expansion and retraction.
Blebs change their size and image
properties dynamically in both processes
and between frames. Therefore, adaptive
parameters are needed for each
segmentation method. A score function
derived from the change of bleb area and
orientation between consecutive frames with cuckoo optimization is proposed
which provides adaptive parameters for
bleb extraction in videos and classified
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The document discusses the promise of human embryonic stem cell therapies for treating various medical conditions such as Parkinson's, stroke, spinal cord injury, and Alzheimer's. It notes the large economic costs of these diseases and conditions. It also outlines efforts to develop new lines of human embryonic stem cells that can be safely used in clinical applications, such as using a feeder-free and serum-free system and following good manufacturing practices. The goal is to generate stem cells without using any animal products and that comply with regulations for therapeutic use.
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Embryonic stem cells can form into many cell types and are harvested from embryos, which is controversial as it involves cells from a potential human. These cells can be grown in labs to replace damaged cells and treat diseases like Parkinson's and diabetes. Scientists culture stem cells by placing them in nutrient broth, then test and characterize the cells to ensure they maintain stem cell properties and can differentiate into other cell types.
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A cell is the basic unit of life, and there are two main types of stem cells: embryonic and adult. Embryonic stem cells can become any type of tissue or organ, while adult stem cells are more limited. Scientists want to advance embryonic stem cell research for potential medical benefits, as these cells can renew themselves and adapt to their environment. However, this research is politically and ethically controversial. Former President Bush allowed only limited funding and Clinton revised related policies. Religions like Catholicism believe life begins at conception, while some Muslims permit research that benefits humanity if it does not question God. The document discusses these perspectives and debates regarding embryonic stem cell research.
Stem Cell Research
Stem cells can become any cell type in the body and may help cure diseases like diabetes and sickle cell anemia. Early research harvested stem cells from embryos, killing the potential child, but scientists have since developed methods using skin cells, introducing viruses to change them into stem cells which could cause cancer. Recent research removed cancer-causing genes when testing stem cells on mice with sickle cell anemia, curing them without cancer developing. Ethical debates remain around using embryonic stem cells or risking cancer from other methods.
Stem Cell Research
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Stem cells ppt
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into specialized cell types. There are two main types: embryonic stem cells, which are pluripotent and derived from embryos, and adult stem cells, which are multipotent and found in adult tissues. Stem cells are valuable for research and potential therapies because they can generate specialized cell types to replace damaged or diseased cells. Recent developments include induced pluripotent stem cells, which are generated from adult cells but have properties similar to embryonic stem cells. Stem cell research faces challenges but holds promise for treating many diseases.
Properties and uses of stem cells
A stem cell is a "blank" cell that can give rise to multiple tissue types such as a skin, muscle, or nerve cell.
Under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, they can be induced to become tissue- or organ-specific cells with special functions.
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Презентация Томашпольского района - Проект приграничного сотрудничества Украина - Молдова
A Secure Software Implementation of Nonlinear Advanced Encryption Standard
This document summarizes a research paper on image steganography using a polynomial key for covert communications. It proposes a new steganographic encoding scheme that separates the color channels of bitmap images and hides messages randomly in the least significant bit of one color component where the other two components' colors equal the selected key. The secret message, cover image, and pseudorandom seed generated by a polynomial are inputs. Pixels where the red and green components match the key are identified, and the secret bits are randomly inserted in the blue component's least significant bit using the seed. Statistical analysis found no difference in quality between the original and stego image. The scheme aims to provide a covert communication method using open systems.
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EXTRACTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF BLEBS IN HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELL
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The Promise of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Therapies
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June 2015 stem-cell-commercialization-anna-cauldwell2
June 2015 stem-cell-commercialization-anna-cauldwell2
Презентация Томашпольского района - Проект приграничного сотрудничества Украи...
Презентация Томашпольского района - Проект приграничного сотрудничества Украи...
A Secure Software Implementation of Nonlinear Advanced Encryption Standard
A Secure Software Implementation of Nonlinear Advanced Encryption Standard
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Biological Presentation On Stem Cells
The document discusses different types of stem cells including adult stem cells, fetal stem cells, and embryonic stem cells. It notes that adult stem cell research has had 74 clinical successes in treating various diseases and conditions, while embryonic stem cell research has had no successes and risks tumor formation. The document raises ethical issues with extracting stem cells from embryos and fetuses as it requires their destruction. It concludes that adult stem cells are a promising research area that avoids ethical issues.
Stem cell culture
Introduction
History
Stem cell characteristic
Stem Cell Differentiation
Kinds of stem cell
Embryonic stem cell
Stem cell application
Technical challenges
Conclusions
References
Embryonic stem cells – Promises and Issues
Introduction, Embryonic Stem Cells, Promises of Embryonic Stem cell research, Figure: The Promise of Stem Cell Research, Issues in Embryonic Stem cells - New embryonic stem cell lines from frozen embryos Informed consent for donation of materials for stem cell research Waiver of consent Consent from gamete donors Confidentiality of donor information Ethical concerns about oocyte donation for research (1. Medical risks of oocyte retrieval, 2. Protecting the reproductive interests of women in infertility treatment, 3. Payment to oocyte donors, 4. Informed consent for oocyte donation).
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Stem cell
This document provides an overview of stem cell research, including:
- Key discoveries and events in stem cell research history from 1998-2010.
- Different types of stem cells including embryonic, adult, induced pluripotent, and hematopoietic stem cells found in umbilical cord blood.
- Potential uses and ethical debates around embryonic stem cell research.
Adult stem cells hope
This document discusses the potential of adult stem cells to treat degenerative diseases by regenerating cells. It outlines two types of stem cells - embryonic stem cells which are controversial due to ethical issues, and adult stem cells which are readily available and have been safely used for therapies. The document describes how adult stem cells can be collected from healthy individuals using growth factors and apheresis, then cryogenically stored for future autologous use to treat diseases like cancer and heart disease. It provides examples of current adult stem cell therapies including bone marrow transplants to treat blood cancers.
Adult stem cells hope
This document discusses the potential of adult stem cells to treat degenerative diseases by regenerating cells. It outlines two types of stem cells - embryonic stem cells which are controversial due to ethical issues, and adult stem cells which are readily available and have been safely used for therapies. The document describes how adult stem cells can be collected from healthy individuals using growth factors and apheresis, then cryogenically stored for future autologous use to treat diseases like cancer and heart disease. It provides examples of current adult stem cell therapies including bone marrow transplants to treat blood cancers.
Inman_Stem_Cells_05
Stem cells can be obtained from embryos or adults. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and can become any cell type, while adult stem cells are multipotent and limited to certain lineages. Stem cell research offers promise for therapies but also ethical concerns. Alternatives to embryonic stem cells are being explored, such as stem cells from unfertilized eggs, dead embryos, or engineered structures. While progress is being made, many challenges remain before stem cell therapies can be directly translated from the laboratory.
SC_Adv_research
This document provides an overview of stem cell research, including:
1) It defines embryonic and adult stem cells, and their potential uses in research and therapies.
2) It describes how embryonic stem cells are harvested from the inner cell mass of blastocysts and cultured, and the challenges of doing so.
3) It discusses the debate around stem cell research in the US and other countries, noting both support and restrictions on the use of embryonic stem cells and human cloning.
Stem cells
STEM CELLS ARE THE UNDIFFERENTIATED CELLS LATER THEIR DIFFERENTIATION TAKES PLACE WHICH LET THEM TO CONVERT INTO SPECIALIZED CELLS CALLED AS STEM CELLS.
Stem cell technology | Presented by pranjali V. Bhadane
This presentation is related to biological topic stem cell technology. stem cell technology plays an important role in life science. stem cell technology is most important for future researchers on personal genomics, personal drug and Complex Disease Research...
The ISSCR is an independent, nonprofit organization providin.docx
The ISSCR is an independent, nonprofit
organization providing a global forum for
stem cell research and regenerative medicine.
Stem Cell
Facts
What are stem cells?
Stem cells are the foundation cells for every organ and
tissue in our bodies. The highly specialized cells that make
up these tissues originally came from an initial pool of stem
cells formed shortly after fertilization. Throughout our lives,
we continue to rely on stem cells to replace injured tissues
and cells that are lost every day, such as those in our skin,
hair, blood and the lining of our gut. Stem cells have two
key properties: 1) the ability to self-renew, dividing in a
way that makes copies of themselves, and 2) the ability to
differentiate, giving rise to the mature types of cells that
make up our organs and tissues.
Tissue-specific stem cells
Tissue-specific stem cells, which are sometimes referred to
as “adult” or “somatic” stem cells, are already somewhat
specialized and can produce some or all of the mature
cell types found within the particular tissue or organ in
which they reside. Because of their ability to generate
multiple, organ-specific, cell types, they are described as
“multipotent.” For example, stem cells found within the
adult brain are capable of making neurons and two types of
glial cells, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.
Tissue-specific stem cells have been found in several organs
that need to continuously replenish themselves, such as the
blood, skin and gut and have even been found in other, less
regenerative, organs such as the brain. These types of stem
cells represent a very small population and are often buried
deep within a given tissue, making them difficult to identify,
isolate and grow in a laboratory setting.
Neuron – Dr. Gerry Shaw, EnCor Biotechnology Inc.
Astrocyte – Abcam Inc.
Oligodendrocyte – Dhaunchak and Nave (2007).
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:17813-8
www.isscr.org
Embryonic stem cells
Embryonic stem cells have been derived from a variety
of species, including humans, and are described as
“pluripotent,” meaning that they can generate all the
different types of cells in the body. Embryonic stem cells
can be obtained from the blastocyst, a very early stage
of development that consists of a mostly hollow ball of
approximately 150-200 cells and is barely visible to the
naked eye. At this stage, there are no organs, not even
blood, just an “inner cell mass” from which embryonic stem
cells can be obtained. Human embryonic stem cells are
derived primarily from blastocysts that were created by
in vitro fertilization (IVF) for assisted reproduction but
were no longer needed.
The fertilized egg and the cells that immediately arise in the
first few divisions are “totipotent.” This means that, under
the right conditions, they can generate a viable embryo
(including support tissues such as the placenta). Within a
matter of days, however, these cells transition to become
pluripote ...
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The document discusses stem cell research and its potential benefits. It notes that stem cells can divide and renew themselves, are unspecialized, and can develop into specialized cell types. This allows them to be used for testing new drugs, developing cell-based therapies, and studying human development and diseases like cancer. The document outlines four main methods for inducing pluripotency in stem cells: viral vectors, DNA-based induction, RNA molecules, and recombinant proteins. It also discusses the debate around embryonic stem cell research, noting arguments from both supporters who see potential medical benefits, and critics who believe it destroys human life.
Stem cells are biological cells found in all multicellular organisms
Stem cells can divide and differentiate into other cell types and also self-renew. There are two main types: embryonic stem cells from blastocysts and adult stem cells found in tissues. In adults, stem cells act as a repair system and in embryos can differentiate into all cell types. There are three sources of autologous adult stem cells - bone marrow, adipose tissue, and blood. Embryonic stem cells are controversial because deriving them requires destroying the embryo. Induced pluripotent stem cells generated from adult cells may eliminate this issue but more research is needed. The ethics of stem cell research centers around the moral status of embryos and whether the potential medical benefits outweigh this.
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The document discusses the potential benefits of stem cell research for treating diseases and addressing the organ transplant shortage. It notes that stem cells can develop into specialized cell types and have been shown to treat diseases like multiple sclerosis. While some view embryonic stem cell research as unethical, the document argues that embryos used in research are typically frozen cells from ended pregnancies that would not develop into life otherwise. It states that over 110,000 such embryos are stored in the US with no potential for life. The document concludes that these embryos should be used for potentially lifesaving research rather than being discarded.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and divide to produce more stem cells. There are two main types: embryonic stem cells isolated from blastocysts and adult stem cells found in tissues. Stem cells are characterized by their ability to self-renew and their potency to differentiate. Stem cell therapy uses stem cells to treat diseases by promoting tissue regeneration when stem cells differentiate into the target tissue upon transplantation. While stem cell therapy holds promise, ethical issues surround the use of embryonic stem cells and challenges remain in obtaining cells and ensuring successful transplantation and treatment of diseases.
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This document discusses stem cells and their engineering applications. It defines stem cells as unspecialized cells that can differentiate into other cell types and outlines two main types: embryonic stem cells which come from embryos, and adult stem cells found in tissues like blood, bone marrow, and skin. Adult stem cells can be used in medical treatments by extracting them from a patient, multiplying them in a lab, separating healthy from diseased cells, and reinserting them to regenerate tissues. The document lists several diseases adult stem cells may treat and ethical concerns around embryonic stem cell research. Overall it provides an overview of stem cell types and their potential medical uses.
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Stem cell technology | Presented by pranjali V. Bhadane
Stem cell technology | Presented by pranjali V. Bhadane
The ISSCR is an independent, nonprofit organization providin.docx
The ISSCR is an independent, nonprofit organization providin.docx
Stem cells are biological cells found in all multicellular organisms
Stem cells are biological cells found in all multicellular organisms
Embryonic stem cell research
- 1. Embryonic Stem Cell Research: Debate and Controversy Leigh Kemp
- 2. The Science Derived from embryos Stems cells are undifferentiated, thus allowing them to be used for cell regeneration in adult patients Cell culture of preimplantation-stage embryos, which are placed in a nutrient- rich Petri dish and grown The cells divide and spread over the surface of the Petri dish
- 3. The Science The inner surface is often coated with a “feeder layer” of treated, non-dividing mouse cells Encourage growth, provide nutrients Researchers have devised ways to grow stem cells without mouse feeder cells Decreases risk of virus transfer from the cell of a mouse to human cells The stem cells are sub-cultured over a period of months, generating millions of new cells
- 4. The Science Scientists control the differentiation of these “pluripotent” (all-purpose) stem cells in more specialized types of cells Changing of the chemical composition of the “culture medium” in the Petri dish that feeds the cells Altering of the surface of the Petri dish Insertion of certain genes into the cells Stem cells differentiate into specialized cells, such as those of heart muscle, blood cells, or neurons
- 5. Controversy Ethical issues: When is an embryo or fetus considered a living person? What legal status, if any, does an embryo have? Medical or scientific issues: Are embryonic stem cells the best stem cells for medical purposes of regeneration and repair or tissue? Are there any medical risks inherent in the use of embryonic stem cells?
- 6. The Controversy: Pro Embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated, and thus can be used to restore or regenerate damaged tissue The harvesting of embryos before implantation in is not unethical – the embryos are not viable Embryos cannot feel pain Harvesting of stem cells from embryos is not murder or unethical Reprogramming of adult stem cells is inefficient, holds some risk of tumors due to DNA disruption Provides hope for the treatment of or greater understanding of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, cancer, heart disease, genetic defects, and spinal cord injury
- 7. The Controversy: Neg Embryonic stem cells have not been adequately researched, and the dangers inherent in their medical use are largely unknown The harvesting of embryonic stem cells requires the death of an embryo This harvesting often requires an induced abortion; constitutes murder Where harvesting does not require induced abortion, such as excess in IVF, harvesting still requires the death of an embryo Donated embryos are in limited supply
- 8. Alternatives Stem cells derived from the bone marrow of adults can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent like embryonic stem cells Donation of adult stem cells between blood relatives Stem cells derived from amniotic fluid during amniocentesis
- 9. Moving Forward Should the Federal Government fund embryonic stem cell research? Are adult stem cells or embryonic stem cells more feasible for therapy and research purposes? Can embryonic stem cells be harvested in a humane and ethical manner? What legal rights does an embryo have?
- 10. Works Cited Bethesda, MD. "Stem Cell Basics: What Are Embryonic Stem Cells?" Stem Cell Information. The National Institutes of Health, 13 Sept. 2010. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. <http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/basics3.asp>. Imperial College London. "Amniotic fluid yields alternatives to embryonic stem cells.“ ScienceDaily, 2 Jul. 2012. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. Rugnetta, Michael, and Michael Peroski. "A Life Sciences Crucible." American Progress. Center for American Progress, 16 Jan. 2009. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. <http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/technology/report/2009/01/16/5 466/a-life-sciences-crucible/>. Rugnetta, Michael, and Michael Peroski. "A Life Sciences Crucible." Center for American Progress. Center for American Progress, 16 Jan. 2009. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. <http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/technology/report/2009/01/16/5 466/a-life-sciences-crucible/>. "Timeline: A Brief History of Stem Cell Research." Science Progress. Timeline: A Brief History of Stem Cell Research, 16 Jan. 2009. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. <http://scienceprogress.org/2009/01/timeline-a-brief-history- of-stem-cell-research/>.