This document provides an overview of stem cells, including what makes a cell a stem cell, the different types of stem cells, the timeline of stem cell research, how stem cell lines are generated in laboratories, major uses of stem cells, the promises and challenges of stem cell research, and some key ethical and moral issues surrounding stem cells. It discusses topics such as embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, totipotent stem cells, multipotent stem cells, and the use of stem cells in bone marrow transplantation and for neurological disorders.