This document discusses the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater using low-cost agricultural waste materials as adsorbents. It begins by introducing the problem of heavy metal pollution from industries like electroplating. It then provides background on adsorption as a method for wastewater treatment and removal of toxins like lead, chromium, and nickel. The document examines the use of inexpensive adsorbents derived from agricultural waste including maize cob, coffee husk, and cashewnut husk to purify industrial effluent in a cost-effective way. In summary, the document explores a natural approach for remediating heavy metal contamination through adsorption onto low-cost adsorbents from agricultural by
IRJET- Removal of Cadmium from Electroplating Industrial Waste Water using Na...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on removing cadmium from electroplating industrial wastewater using natural adsorbents. The study explores using activated carbon derived from low-cost agricultural waste materials like groundnut shell, Indian beech, and onion skin for cadmium removal. Adsorption experiments were conducted at different pH levels and initial cadmium concentrations. The results showed that these natural adsorbents were effective at removing cadmium from wastewater and provide a low-cost alternative to commercial activated carbon. Utilizing agricultural waste supports waste reduction while enabling affordable pollution treatment.
IRJET- A Review on Removal of Heavy Metals from Water/Wastewater by Electroco...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of removing heavy metals from water and wastewater using the electrocoagulation process. It discusses common heavy metals like arsenic, chromium, lead, zinc, and copper that are present in industrial wastewater and hazardous to human health. It then summarizes various treatment technologies for heavy metal removal, including chemical precipitation, ion exchange, adsorption, and reverse osmosis. The document focuses on electrocoagulation, describing its mechanism where coagulants are formed in-situ from sacrificial anode materials like aluminum and iron. Parameters that impact electrocoagulation efficiency are also discussed.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the biosorption of cadmium (Cd) from aqueous solution onto sweet potato skin (SPS). The amount of Cd adsorbed was found to depend on solution pH, contact time, and initial Cd concentration. Equilibrium data fit the Freundlich isotherm model best. Thermodynamic parameters indicated the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The study characterized the functional groups of SPS and evaluated it as a potential low-cost biosorbent for removing heavy metals like Cd from wastewater.
Removal of Heavy Metals from Water and Waste Water by Electrocoagulation Proc...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the electrocoagulation process for removing heavy metals from water and wastewater. It discusses several heavy metals (arsenic, lead, zinc, chromium) that commonly contaminate water sources and their health effects. It also summarizes various technologies used for heavy metal removal such as ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and chemical coagulation and their limitations. The document concludes that electrocoagulation is an effective and environmentally friendly process for treating heavy metal contaminated water and wastewater.
Opportunities and constraints of using the innovative adsorbents for the remo...Dr. Md. Aminul Islam
The presence of cobalt(II) in wastewater is an emergent concern because of its toxicity at elevated concentration.
Co(II) is a non-biodegradable, carcinogenic and mutagenic pollutant released from natural, industrial and
manmade sources. In recent years, the control of water that has been polluted with Co(II) has been an emergent
issue. The release of Co(II) into waterways is undesirable because ingestion of high levels of Co(II) may cause
severe health issues including cancer. The current review discusses the different adsorbents such as carbonaceous and activated carbon materials, nanosized metal oxides, low-cost natural materials, clay minerals and
nanocomposites employed by researchers to treat Co(II)-polluted water. The systems used have been assessed in
terms of overall Co(II) sorption capacity. Special emphasis has been given to the environmental conditions such
as contact time, solution pH, initial Co(II) concentration, temperature, and mineral dosage. Moreover, empirical
and surface complexation modeling (SCM) of the sorption systems is summarized. Natural materials, agricultural
waste materials, and bio sorbents exhibited outstanding Co(II) sorption performance. The current investigation
provides an overview of the state of the Co(II) removal studies performed by using various adsorbents.
Agricultural by-Products/Waste as Dye and Metal Ions Adsorbents: A Reviewresearchinventy
This document reviews the use of agricultural by-products and waste as adsorbents for removing dye and metal ions from water. It discusses various agricultural by-products that are generated in large quantities worldwide including rice husk, coffee grounds, spent tea leaves, date palm leaves, tomato waste, orange peels, oak leaves, walnut shells, olive cake, and others. These wastes present environmental and economic problems if not properly disposed of or utilized. The document examines case studies where these agricultural wastes have been used effectively as low-cost adsorbents for removing synthetic dyes and heavy metals from aqueous solutions.
This document summarizes a study on using sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate to remove heavy metals from electroplating industry wastewater. It begins with background on heavy metal pollution from industrial sources and its effects. The document then reviews literature on electroplating wastewater composition and various treatment methods. The objectives of this study are to characterize wastewater from 5 electroplating sites, measure parameters like pH, BOD, COD and heavy metals, precipitate heavy metals from wastewater using sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate, and test using the precipitate as a plant disease management agent. The methodology describes analyzing wastewater samples for color, odor, turbidity, pH, total
IRJET- Removal of Cadmium from Electroplating Industrial Waste Water using Na...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on removing cadmium from electroplating industrial wastewater using natural adsorbents. The study explores using activated carbon derived from low-cost agricultural waste materials like groundnut shell, Indian beech, and onion skin for cadmium removal. Adsorption experiments were conducted at different pH levels and initial cadmium concentrations. The results showed that these natural adsorbents were effective at removing cadmium from wastewater and provide a low-cost alternative to commercial activated carbon. Utilizing agricultural waste supports waste reduction while enabling affordable pollution treatment.
IRJET- A Review on Removal of Heavy Metals from Water/Wastewater by Electroco...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of removing heavy metals from water and wastewater using the electrocoagulation process. It discusses common heavy metals like arsenic, chromium, lead, zinc, and copper that are present in industrial wastewater and hazardous to human health. It then summarizes various treatment technologies for heavy metal removal, including chemical precipitation, ion exchange, adsorption, and reverse osmosis. The document focuses on electrocoagulation, describing its mechanism where coagulants are formed in-situ from sacrificial anode materials like aluminum and iron. Parameters that impact electrocoagulation efficiency are also discussed.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the biosorption of cadmium (Cd) from aqueous solution onto sweet potato skin (SPS). The amount of Cd adsorbed was found to depend on solution pH, contact time, and initial Cd concentration. Equilibrium data fit the Freundlich isotherm model best. Thermodynamic parameters indicated the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The study characterized the functional groups of SPS and evaluated it as a potential low-cost biosorbent for removing heavy metals like Cd from wastewater.
Removal of Heavy Metals from Water and Waste Water by Electrocoagulation Proc...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the electrocoagulation process for removing heavy metals from water and wastewater. It discusses several heavy metals (arsenic, lead, zinc, chromium) that commonly contaminate water sources and their health effects. It also summarizes various technologies used for heavy metal removal such as ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and chemical coagulation and their limitations. The document concludes that electrocoagulation is an effective and environmentally friendly process for treating heavy metal contaminated water and wastewater.
Opportunities and constraints of using the innovative adsorbents for the remo...Dr. Md. Aminul Islam
The presence of cobalt(II) in wastewater is an emergent concern because of its toxicity at elevated concentration.
Co(II) is a non-biodegradable, carcinogenic and mutagenic pollutant released from natural, industrial and
manmade sources. In recent years, the control of water that has been polluted with Co(II) has been an emergent
issue. The release of Co(II) into waterways is undesirable because ingestion of high levels of Co(II) may cause
severe health issues including cancer. The current review discusses the different adsorbents such as carbonaceous and activated carbon materials, nanosized metal oxides, low-cost natural materials, clay minerals and
nanocomposites employed by researchers to treat Co(II)-polluted water. The systems used have been assessed in
terms of overall Co(II) sorption capacity. Special emphasis has been given to the environmental conditions such
as contact time, solution pH, initial Co(II) concentration, temperature, and mineral dosage. Moreover, empirical
and surface complexation modeling (SCM) of the sorption systems is summarized. Natural materials, agricultural
waste materials, and bio sorbents exhibited outstanding Co(II) sorption performance. The current investigation
provides an overview of the state of the Co(II) removal studies performed by using various adsorbents.
Agricultural by-Products/Waste as Dye and Metal Ions Adsorbents: A Reviewresearchinventy
This document reviews the use of agricultural by-products and waste as adsorbents for removing dye and metal ions from water. It discusses various agricultural by-products that are generated in large quantities worldwide including rice husk, coffee grounds, spent tea leaves, date palm leaves, tomato waste, orange peels, oak leaves, walnut shells, olive cake, and others. These wastes present environmental and economic problems if not properly disposed of or utilized. The document examines case studies where these agricultural wastes have been used effectively as low-cost adsorbents for removing synthetic dyes and heavy metals from aqueous solutions.
This document summarizes a study on using sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate to remove heavy metals from electroplating industry wastewater. It begins with background on heavy metal pollution from industrial sources and its effects. The document then reviews literature on electroplating wastewater composition and various treatment methods. The objectives of this study are to characterize wastewater from 5 electroplating sites, measure parameters like pH, BOD, COD and heavy metals, precipitate heavy metals from wastewater using sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate, and test using the precipitate as a plant disease management agent. The methodology describes analyzing wastewater samples for color, odor, turbidity, pH, total
The term heavy metal refers to any metallic chemical element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations.
Heavy metals are Globally distributed
pollutants
Heavy metal pollution in soil and its mitigation aspect by Dr. Tarik MitranDr. Tarik Mitran
Heavy metal pollution in soil is a serious problem. Some key points:
- Heavy metals like lead, cadmium, arsenic, chromium, and mercury are toxic even in small amounts and can accumulate in the food chain.
- Sources of heavy metal pollution include industrial, agricultural, and mining activities which release these metals into the environment.
- Heavy metals can be taken up by plants and crops irrigated with contaminated water, accumulating in plant tissues and eventually entering the food chain. This poses risks to human and animal health.
- Remediating contaminated soils requires understanding the chemical processes by which heavy metals move and change form in the soil-water-air system over time. Mitigation strategies aim to reduce
Vegetables are grown all over the world for human needs and proper supply nutritional supplement. Recently due to various anthropogenic activities such as mining, industrialization and agricultural activities like application of pesticides, fungicides and fertilizers, heavy metals are released in to the atmosphere, soil and water. These released heavy metals enter into the plant system through various physiological processes and it affects the plant growth and development. The concentration of heavy metals in the environment varies due to various activities and it becomes toxic when it reaches above the permissible limits. Accumulation of heavy metals occurs only when the vegetable crops are exposed to heavy metal contaminated environment, thus it enters into the food chain. When these heavy metals contaminated vegetables are consumed by human beings it causes various severe health ailments. In order to reduce the heavy metal toxicity, proper remediation steps have to be carried out in soil and irrigation water. Before consumption of any vegetables washing has to be done to reduce the adhered heavy metal particulates and through these simple steps we can remove the heavy metal adhered on the vegetable surface.
Heavy metal pollution from sources like industrial effluents and vehicle emissions is a growing global problem. Some key heavy metals that are toxic to humans include cadmium, lead, and mercury. Cadmium toxicity can cause vomiting, diarrhea and bone deformities. Lead exposure is linked to anemia, kidney problems, and changes in bone marrow. Mercury poisoning results in issues like diarrhea, breathing difficulties, and abdominal pain. Heavy metals are a threat because unlike some other pollutants, they do not break down in the environment.
Common Heavy Metal Contaminations and Its Hazard Sotheara Kong
This piece of education slide provide you a general information about 4 Common Heavy Metal Contamination and its Hazard in ground water. It consist of many information that may has advantage to the researcher especially someone who researching on removable of chemical contamination from ground water.
Physico-Chemical Evaluation of Wastewater from Abattoir, Brewery, Soap and Oi...IJERA Editor
The discharge of industrial wastewater in the city of Moundou deteriorates the quality of surface and
underground water and soils. In this study the physicochemical quality of industrial effluents was investigated in
different seasons (summer, winter and rainy). Three sampling sites were used (Central Abattoir discharge,
Cotontchad (soap and oil factory) discharge, and Brewery discharge), for sampling from July 2013 to December
2014. The following physico-chemical parameters were determined: pH, Temperature, EC, dissolved oxygen,
COD, BOD5, NO3,PO4,SO4. Also, the heavy metals: Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb, As, Zn, Cr, Fe, Al, was analyzed on
spectrophotometers and results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits.
This study revealed that most parameters were much higher than the permissible limit for wastewater
discharges:some parameters were to higher: pH (12,6), Temperature (37,8 °C), C.E (4270 μS/cm), organic
matters: COD (1200 mg/l), SO4 (1280 mg/l), PO4(4460 mg/l), NO3 (63,6 mg/l), (Fe (63,34 mg/l), Zn (13,27
mg/l), Pb (4,0 mg/l), Cu (25,34 mg/l), Cd (31,78 mg/l), Cr (5,9 mg/l), Ni (39,5 mg/l. The study concludes that
discharge of effluents by the companies; factory and materials from other anthropogenic sources severely
pollute the Logone River with heavy metals and other pollutants. We recommended that each industry recycle
its wastewater and put in place specific treatment plants, because pollutants to eliminate vary depending on the
industry.
This document summarizes heavy metal toxicity in animals. It discusses various heavy metal contaminations across India including from lead in water, arsenic contamination of groundwater in West Bengal and Bangladesh, and various industrial sites contaminated with heavy metals. It also outlines the clinical signs and target organ toxicity of several heavy metals including lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic as well as methods for managing heavy metal toxicity.
Removal of lead and oil hydrocarbon from oil refining contaminated wastewater...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the potential of three Pseudomonas bacterial species (P. florescence, P. paucimobilis, and Pseudomonas sp.) to remove lead and crude oil from wastewater from an oil refinery in Alexandria, Egypt. The study tested different bacteria to wastewater ratios in batch experiments and measured the removal efficiency of lead, oil, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results showed high removal efficiency of lead (over 90%) and oil (56.8-68.8%) and partial removal of COD and BOD. P. florescence was the most effective and a bacteria to wastewater ratio of
1) The study analyzed heavy metal concentrations in the tissues of 6 fish species from the Mediterranean Sea to understand the relationship between metal accumulation and fish size.
2) Metal concentrations were generally highest in the liver and varied between species, with cadmium levels highest in the liver of Trigla cuculus.
3) A negative relationship was found between metal levels and fish size for most species, though zinc and lead showed a positive relationship with size in Mugil cephalus.
4) The results provide insight into how species differences, tissue types, and size affect heavy metal accumulation in aquatic organisms.
The document analyzes soil samples collected around painted buildings in four local governments in Benue and Taraba States, Nigeria to determine heavy metal contamination levels. Testing found high levels of lead, cadmium, zinc and chromium contamination in the soils, with lead contamination being the highest. The order of contamination differed between locations but consistently included lead as the primary contaminant. The heavy metal levels pose health risks, especially to children, who are more vulnerable to negative impacts of heavy metal exposure through soil ingestion and dust inhalation near the painted buildings. Blood monitoring for heavy metals is recommended for individuals living near the painted structures.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document provides information on adverse health effects of heavy metals in children. It discusses sources and routes of exposure to heavy metals like arsenic, cadmium, copper, and thallium. The document describes the mechanisms and clinical effects of heavy metal toxicity and strategies for prevention. It aims to provide an overview of public health impacts, epidemiology, and prevention of heavy metal toxicity in children.
This document discusses the toxic effects of heavy metals such as mercury and lead. Mercury is a liquid metal that occurs naturally as cinnabar ore. It is released into the environment through coal burning and waste incineration. Mercury exposure can damage the brain, kidneys and nervous system. Methylmercury exposure in the womb can impair child development. Lead is a metal used in batteries, paint and plumbing. Lead exposure interferes with hemoglobin production and brain development in children, causing issues with behavior and attention. Both mercury and lead contamination stem from industries like mining and smelting as well as vehicle emissions.
Heavy metals and heavy metal in water and soil.17071561-007
Heavy metals like cadmium, mercury, arsenic, chromium, and lead are present in soil and water due to industrial activities such as mining and waste disposal. They accumulate in the environment and can be toxic even in small amounts. Heavy metals are found at higher levels in industrial and urban areas compared to rural areas. Long term exposure to heavy metals can lead to health issues like cancer, organ damage, and neurological or developmental problems for humans and other organisms. Maintaining heavy metal levels in soil and water below regulatory limits is important for environmental and human health.
Heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, and lead are naturally occurring but are also released from industrial and other human activities. They persist indefinitely in the environment and can accumulate in living organisms, posing health risks. Mercury is a liquid metal used historically in products like thermometers and batteries but now regulated. It evaporates easily and bioaccumulates as the toxic methylmercury in fish. Exposure can cause neurological, kidney, and developmental problems. While an essential element for life, mercury becomes toxic and dangerous at higher levels.
Considering the importance of the healthy coral reef ecosystems to Langkawi’s economy as well as to the global coral reef biodiversity, the present study provided the baseline database regarding on distribution of heavy metals concentration (Cd, Cu, Pb) and the trend of heavy metals accumulation in Diploria Labyrinthiformis and Favia Pallida corals at Pulau Langkawi region. This report showed the level of heavy metal contamination in each of 5 years growth rate bands in both coral specie susing AAS. The averages of heavy metals concentration in Diploria Labyrinthiformis were 0.018±0.002 mg/L, 0.044±0.11 mg/L, and 0.120±0.01 mg/L for Cd, Cu, and Pb respectively. Meanwhile the concentrations of heavy metals for Favia Pallida were 0.017±0.02 mg/L, 0.088±0.004 mg/L, and 0.218±0.14 mg/L for Cd, Cu, and Pb respectively. Both species showed the low concentration and not exceeding the MPI safety level that indicated that the corals were not impacted by pollution. The trend and correlationships of the Cd, Cu, and Pb in the bands coral slab showed the increasing trend of concentration which were increased gradually from the surface (youngest) to bottom (oldest) layer for the samples.
Heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, chromium, and lead were discussed in the document. These metals can enter the environment from natural and human sources and persist indefinitely. While some heavy metals are essential in small amounts, higher concentrations can be toxic. Exposure to heavy metals can occur through food, water, air and cause health effects like organ damage and cancer. Current research studies analyzed heavy metal levels in foods, soils and plants in the Philippines and found levels exceeding safety limits.
Heavy metals can enter organisms through various routes of exposure including respiratory absorption, gastrointestinal absorption, and uptake through the kidneys. Once inside the body, metals can cause oxidative stress and interfere with biological processes. Historically, heavy metal pollution from industries and accidents has caused diseases like Minamata disease from mercury poisoning in Japan. Plants can help remove heavy metals from soils and water through phytoremediation techniques such as phytoextraction and rhizodegradation.
This document discusses methods for determining heavy metals in wastewater. It defines wastewater and its sources, as well as heavy metals and their toxicity. Common heavy metals found in wastewater are discussed, along with their health effects. Methods for removing heavy metals from wastewater include chemical precipitation, ion exchange, electrochemical treatment, and adsorption onto activated carbon. Atomic absorption, atomic emission ICP, chromatography, and voltammetry are described as methods for determining heavy metals.
Biosorption of Copper (II) Ions by Eclipta Alba Leaf Powder from Aqueous Solu...ijtsrd
The removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater is of great concern as heavy metals are non-biodegradable, toxic elements that cause serious health problems if disposed of in the surrounding environment. The present study, Karisalangkani (Eclipta Alba) leaves were used for the adsorption of heavy metals like copper (Cu (II)) ions. The bio sorbent was characterized using SEM and BET analysis. The bio sorption experiments are conducted through batch system. The operating parameters studied were initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dosage, initial solution pH, contact time and effect of temperature Adsorption equilibrium is achieved in 30 min and the adsorption kinetics of Cu (II) is found to follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Equilibrium data for Cu (II) adsorption are fitted well by Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity for Cu (II) ions is estimated to be 9.2 mgg at 25 °C. The experimental result shows that the materials have good potential to remove heavy metals from effluent and good potential as an alternate low cost adsorbent. Due to their outstanding adsorption capacities, Eclipta Alba is excellent sorbents for the removal of copper (II) ions. B. Kavitha | R. Arunadevi"Biosorption of Copper (II) Ions by Eclipta Alba Leaf Powder from Aqueous Solutions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd17156.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/environmental-chemistry/17156/biosorption-of-copper-ii-ions-by-eclipta-alba-leaf-powder-from-aqueous-solutions/b-kavitha
Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies of Biosorption of Cadmium (ii) from Aqueous Solution onto Garden Grass (GAG)
Original Research Article
Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research Vol. 1 (1), 2014, 12–22
B.O. Evbuomwan, M.M. Atuka
The term heavy metal refers to any metallic chemical element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations.
Heavy metals are Globally distributed
pollutants
Heavy metal pollution in soil and its mitigation aspect by Dr. Tarik MitranDr. Tarik Mitran
Heavy metal pollution in soil is a serious problem. Some key points:
- Heavy metals like lead, cadmium, arsenic, chromium, and mercury are toxic even in small amounts and can accumulate in the food chain.
- Sources of heavy metal pollution include industrial, agricultural, and mining activities which release these metals into the environment.
- Heavy metals can be taken up by plants and crops irrigated with contaminated water, accumulating in plant tissues and eventually entering the food chain. This poses risks to human and animal health.
- Remediating contaminated soils requires understanding the chemical processes by which heavy metals move and change form in the soil-water-air system over time. Mitigation strategies aim to reduce
Vegetables are grown all over the world for human needs and proper supply nutritional supplement. Recently due to various anthropogenic activities such as mining, industrialization and agricultural activities like application of pesticides, fungicides and fertilizers, heavy metals are released in to the atmosphere, soil and water. These released heavy metals enter into the plant system through various physiological processes and it affects the plant growth and development. The concentration of heavy metals in the environment varies due to various activities and it becomes toxic when it reaches above the permissible limits. Accumulation of heavy metals occurs only when the vegetable crops are exposed to heavy metal contaminated environment, thus it enters into the food chain. When these heavy metals contaminated vegetables are consumed by human beings it causes various severe health ailments. In order to reduce the heavy metal toxicity, proper remediation steps have to be carried out in soil and irrigation water. Before consumption of any vegetables washing has to be done to reduce the adhered heavy metal particulates and through these simple steps we can remove the heavy metal adhered on the vegetable surface.
Heavy metal pollution from sources like industrial effluents and vehicle emissions is a growing global problem. Some key heavy metals that are toxic to humans include cadmium, lead, and mercury. Cadmium toxicity can cause vomiting, diarrhea and bone deformities. Lead exposure is linked to anemia, kidney problems, and changes in bone marrow. Mercury poisoning results in issues like diarrhea, breathing difficulties, and abdominal pain. Heavy metals are a threat because unlike some other pollutants, they do not break down in the environment.
Common Heavy Metal Contaminations and Its Hazard Sotheara Kong
This piece of education slide provide you a general information about 4 Common Heavy Metal Contamination and its Hazard in ground water. It consist of many information that may has advantage to the researcher especially someone who researching on removable of chemical contamination from ground water.
Physico-Chemical Evaluation of Wastewater from Abattoir, Brewery, Soap and Oi...IJERA Editor
The discharge of industrial wastewater in the city of Moundou deteriorates the quality of surface and
underground water and soils. In this study the physicochemical quality of industrial effluents was investigated in
different seasons (summer, winter and rainy). Three sampling sites were used (Central Abattoir discharge,
Cotontchad (soap and oil factory) discharge, and Brewery discharge), for sampling from July 2013 to December
2014. The following physico-chemical parameters were determined: pH, Temperature, EC, dissolved oxygen,
COD, BOD5, NO3,PO4,SO4. Also, the heavy metals: Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb, As, Zn, Cr, Fe, Al, was analyzed on
spectrophotometers and results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits.
This study revealed that most parameters were much higher than the permissible limit for wastewater
discharges:some parameters were to higher: pH (12,6), Temperature (37,8 °C), C.E (4270 μS/cm), organic
matters: COD (1200 mg/l), SO4 (1280 mg/l), PO4(4460 mg/l), NO3 (63,6 mg/l), (Fe (63,34 mg/l), Zn (13,27
mg/l), Pb (4,0 mg/l), Cu (25,34 mg/l), Cd (31,78 mg/l), Cr (5,9 mg/l), Ni (39,5 mg/l. The study concludes that
discharge of effluents by the companies; factory and materials from other anthropogenic sources severely
pollute the Logone River with heavy metals and other pollutants. We recommended that each industry recycle
its wastewater and put in place specific treatment plants, because pollutants to eliminate vary depending on the
industry.
This document summarizes heavy metal toxicity in animals. It discusses various heavy metal contaminations across India including from lead in water, arsenic contamination of groundwater in West Bengal and Bangladesh, and various industrial sites contaminated with heavy metals. It also outlines the clinical signs and target organ toxicity of several heavy metals including lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic as well as methods for managing heavy metal toxicity.
Removal of lead and oil hydrocarbon from oil refining contaminated wastewater...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the potential of three Pseudomonas bacterial species (P. florescence, P. paucimobilis, and Pseudomonas sp.) to remove lead and crude oil from wastewater from an oil refinery in Alexandria, Egypt. The study tested different bacteria to wastewater ratios in batch experiments and measured the removal efficiency of lead, oil, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results showed high removal efficiency of lead (over 90%) and oil (56.8-68.8%) and partial removal of COD and BOD. P. florescence was the most effective and a bacteria to wastewater ratio of
1) The study analyzed heavy metal concentrations in the tissues of 6 fish species from the Mediterranean Sea to understand the relationship between metal accumulation and fish size.
2) Metal concentrations were generally highest in the liver and varied between species, with cadmium levels highest in the liver of Trigla cuculus.
3) A negative relationship was found between metal levels and fish size for most species, though zinc and lead showed a positive relationship with size in Mugil cephalus.
4) The results provide insight into how species differences, tissue types, and size affect heavy metal accumulation in aquatic organisms.
The document analyzes soil samples collected around painted buildings in four local governments in Benue and Taraba States, Nigeria to determine heavy metal contamination levels. Testing found high levels of lead, cadmium, zinc and chromium contamination in the soils, with lead contamination being the highest. The order of contamination differed between locations but consistently included lead as the primary contaminant. The heavy metal levels pose health risks, especially to children, who are more vulnerable to negative impacts of heavy metal exposure through soil ingestion and dust inhalation near the painted buildings. Blood monitoring for heavy metals is recommended for individuals living near the painted structures.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document provides information on adverse health effects of heavy metals in children. It discusses sources and routes of exposure to heavy metals like arsenic, cadmium, copper, and thallium. The document describes the mechanisms and clinical effects of heavy metal toxicity and strategies for prevention. It aims to provide an overview of public health impacts, epidemiology, and prevention of heavy metal toxicity in children.
This document discusses the toxic effects of heavy metals such as mercury and lead. Mercury is a liquid metal that occurs naturally as cinnabar ore. It is released into the environment through coal burning and waste incineration. Mercury exposure can damage the brain, kidneys and nervous system. Methylmercury exposure in the womb can impair child development. Lead is a metal used in batteries, paint and plumbing. Lead exposure interferes with hemoglobin production and brain development in children, causing issues with behavior and attention. Both mercury and lead contamination stem from industries like mining and smelting as well as vehicle emissions.
Heavy metals and heavy metal in water and soil.17071561-007
Heavy metals like cadmium, mercury, arsenic, chromium, and lead are present in soil and water due to industrial activities such as mining and waste disposal. They accumulate in the environment and can be toxic even in small amounts. Heavy metals are found at higher levels in industrial and urban areas compared to rural areas. Long term exposure to heavy metals can lead to health issues like cancer, organ damage, and neurological or developmental problems for humans and other organisms. Maintaining heavy metal levels in soil and water below regulatory limits is important for environmental and human health.
Heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, and lead are naturally occurring but are also released from industrial and other human activities. They persist indefinitely in the environment and can accumulate in living organisms, posing health risks. Mercury is a liquid metal used historically in products like thermometers and batteries but now regulated. It evaporates easily and bioaccumulates as the toxic methylmercury in fish. Exposure can cause neurological, kidney, and developmental problems. While an essential element for life, mercury becomes toxic and dangerous at higher levels.
Considering the importance of the healthy coral reef ecosystems to Langkawi’s economy as well as to the global coral reef biodiversity, the present study provided the baseline database regarding on distribution of heavy metals concentration (Cd, Cu, Pb) and the trend of heavy metals accumulation in Diploria Labyrinthiformis and Favia Pallida corals at Pulau Langkawi region. This report showed the level of heavy metal contamination in each of 5 years growth rate bands in both coral specie susing AAS. The averages of heavy metals concentration in Diploria Labyrinthiformis were 0.018±0.002 mg/L, 0.044±0.11 mg/L, and 0.120±0.01 mg/L for Cd, Cu, and Pb respectively. Meanwhile the concentrations of heavy metals for Favia Pallida were 0.017±0.02 mg/L, 0.088±0.004 mg/L, and 0.218±0.14 mg/L for Cd, Cu, and Pb respectively. Both species showed the low concentration and not exceeding the MPI safety level that indicated that the corals were not impacted by pollution. The trend and correlationships of the Cd, Cu, and Pb in the bands coral slab showed the increasing trend of concentration which were increased gradually from the surface (youngest) to bottom (oldest) layer for the samples.
Heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, chromium, and lead were discussed in the document. These metals can enter the environment from natural and human sources and persist indefinitely. While some heavy metals are essential in small amounts, higher concentrations can be toxic. Exposure to heavy metals can occur through food, water, air and cause health effects like organ damage and cancer. Current research studies analyzed heavy metal levels in foods, soils and plants in the Philippines and found levels exceeding safety limits.
Heavy metals can enter organisms through various routes of exposure including respiratory absorption, gastrointestinal absorption, and uptake through the kidneys. Once inside the body, metals can cause oxidative stress and interfere with biological processes. Historically, heavy metal pollution from industries and accidents has caused diseases like Minamata disease from mercury poisoning in Japan. Plants can help remove heavy metals from soils and water through phytoremediation techniques such as phytoextraction and rhizodegradation.
This document discusses methods for determining heavy metals in wastewater. It defines wastewater and its sources, as well as heavy metals and their toxicity. Common heavy metals found in wastewater are discussed, along with their health effects. Methods for removing heavy metals from wastewater include chemical precipitation, ion exchange, electrochemical treatment, and adsorption onto activated carbon. Atomic absorption, atomic emission ICP, chromatography, and voltammetry are described as methods for determining heavy metals.
Biosorption of Copper (II) Ions by Eclipta Alba Leaf Powder from Aqueous Solu...ijtsrd
The removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater is of great concern as heavy metals are non-biodegradable, toxic elements that cause serious health problems if disposed of in the surrounding environment. The present study, Karisalangkani (Eclipta Alba) leaves were used for the adsorption of heavy metals like copper (Cu (II)) ions. The bio sorbent was characterized using SEM and BET analysis. The bio sorption experiments are conducted through batch system. The operating parameters studied were initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dosage, initial solution pH, contact time and effect of temperature Adsorption equilibrium is achieved in 30 min and the adsorption kinetics of Cu (II) is found to follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Equilibrium data for Cu (II) adsorption are fitted well by Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity for Cu (II) ions is estimated to be 9.2 mgg at 25 °C. The experimental result shows that the materials have good potential to remove heavy metals from effluent and good potential as an alternate low cost adsorbent. Due to their outstanding adsorption capacities, Eclipta Alba is excellent sorbents for the removal of copper (II) ions. B. Kavitha | R. Arunadevi"Biosorption of Copper (II) Ions by Eclipta Alba Leaf Powder from Aqueous Solutions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd17156.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/environmental-chemistry/17156/biosorption-of-copper-ii-ions-by-eclipta-alba-leaf-powder-from-aqueous-solutions/b-kavitha
Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies of Biosorption of Cadmium (ii) from Aqueous Solution onto Garden Grass (GAG)
Original Research Article
Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research Vol. 1 (1), 2014, 12–22
B.O. Evbuomwan, M.M. Atuka
IRJET- Study of Sugarcane Bagasse and Orange Peel as Adsorbent for Treatment ...IRJET Journal
This document studies the use of orange peel and sugarcane bagasse as low-cost adsorbents for removing nickel from electroplating wastewater. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to determine the optimum conditions for nickel removal. Orange peel was found to be most effective at removing nickel (95.21% removal) with conditions of 60 minutes, 10g dosage, and pH 8-10. Sugarcane bagasse achieved lower removal (not specified) with conditions of 75 minutes, 8g dosage, and pH 8-10. The study aims to develop affordable, environmentally-friendly methods for treating heavy metal pollution using agricultural waste materials.
HEAVY METAL POLLUTION AND REMEDIATION IN URBAN AND PERI-URBAN AGRICULTURE SOILSchikslarry
Throughout the world, there is a long tradition of farming intensively within and at the edge of cities (Smit et al., 1996). However, most of these peri-urban lands are contaminated with pollutants including heavy metals, such as Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Hg. The major sources of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils are discharge of effluents from domestic sources, coal-burning power plants, non-ferrous metal smelters, iron and steel plants, dumping of sewage sludge and metal chelates from different industries. Once the heavy metals are released into soils, plants can absorb and bio-accumulate these heavy metals and thereby affect humans and animals’ health upon consumption (Seghal et al., 2014). Hence, there is a great need to develop effective technologies for sustainable management and remediation of the contaminated soils. There are conventionally physicochemical soil remediation engineering techniques, such as soil washing, incineration, solidification, vapour extraction, thermal desorption, but they destroy the plant productive properties of soils. Moreover, they are usually extremely expensive, limiting their extensive application, particularly in developing countries and for remediation of agricultural soils (Kokyo et al., 2014). Phytoremediation has been increasingly receiving attentions over the recent decades, as an emerging, affordable and eco-friendly approach that utilizes the natural properties of plants to remediate contaminated soils (Wang et al., 2003). Phytoremediation includes phytovolatilization, phytostabilization, and phytoextraction using hyper-accumulator species or a chelate-enhancement strategy. The future of this technique is still mainly in the research phase, and many different Hyperaccumulators and crops that can be cultivated in heavy metal contaminated are still being tested.
Metal ion and contaminant sorption onto aluminium oxide-based materials: A re...Dr. Md. Aminul Islam
Nanosized aluminium oxides (NAOs) are an important class of minerals widely found in soil, sediment, aquifer,
and aquatic environments. Over the decades, these minerals have been explored as sorbents for the removal of
wastewater contaminated with metal ions, anions, organic dyes, humic substances, phenolic compounds, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals from contaminated wastewater. This review summarizes the reported research of
NAOs as sorbents and provides details on their sorption capacities including maximum removal capacity under
various experimental conditions. Information on the composition, synthesis, characterization and experimental
parameters together with sorption mechanisms is provided. A compilation of such information is not currently
available and so this review should enable workers in the area to make more informed choices on suitable
sorbents for large-scale environmental samples and be able to develop more efficient processes for environmental pollutant clean-up
Title - Extraction of Mg from hydrodesulfurization catalyst waste via Pseudom...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on extracting magnesium (Mg) from hydrodesulfurization catalyst waste using the bacterium Pseudomonas luteola. The catalyst waste contains toxic heavy metals like Mg, Mn, Cd, Cr, Fe, Pb, and recovering these metals has environmental and economic benefits. The study isolated various bacteria from soil near an oil refinery that can grow in the presence of high Mg concentrations. One potential strain, Pseudomonas luteola, was selected for its ability to produce biosurfactants, which have an affinity for heavy metals and could aid in Mg extraction. Experiments were conducted to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of Mg the bacteria could tolerate and to test its biosurfactant production capabilities. The
REMOVAL OF CADMIUM CD (II) AND SILVER AG (I) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY NANO A...IAEME Publication
The extent of removal of heavy metal ions (cadmium and silver) in single and binary system by adsorption on alumina has been investigated. Adsorption experiments were performed in continues flow technique (fixed bed) from synthetic solutions using alumina as adsorbent. Several experimental parameters that affect the extent of adsorption of the metal ions of interest have been investigated such as adsorbent bed depth and concentration of the adsorbate with different contact time. The percent of removal efficiency was also been studied. pH of the system used equal =6.5, temperature =25ºC. This work proposes a cost-effective method for the efficient removal of Cd (II) and Ag (I) from aqueous solutions.
This document summarizes a study on using chitin biopolymer blended with bentonite clay to remove copper from wastewater via adsorption. Characterization of the blended material was done using FTIR, XRD, TGA and SEM. FTIR showed interactions between chitin and bentonite through hydrogen bonding. XRD indicated the blend was amorphous. TGA showed the blended material had higher thermal stability than chitin alone. SEM revealed the blend had a porous structure and large surface area suitable for adsorption. Batch adsorption studies showed the blended biopolymer effectively removed copper from wastewater.
Removal of Lead from Synthetic Lead Solution by using Orange peel as a low Co...IRJET Journal
This document examines the removal of lead from synthetic lead solutions using orange peel as a low-cost adsorbent. The study involves preparing column filters with different quantities of dried and crushed orange peel and passing synthetic wastewater with an initial lead concentration of 40 mg/L through the columns. Samples are collected from the column outlets at various time intervals and analyzed to determine final lead concentrations and percentage of lead removed from solution. The results show that increasing the quantity of orange peel and retention time in the columns increases the percentage of lead removed, with a maximum removal of 27.5% achieved using 50g of orange peel over 60 minutes.
1. The document discusses heavy metal pollution from dentistry and the potential role of nanoparticles in environmental remediation. Common sources of heavy metal pollution from dentistry include dental amalgam containing mercury, silver, copper, and tin; lead shields from x-ray films; and biomedical waste.
2. Heavy metals released from dental offices into wastewater and soil can contaminate the environment and have harmful effects on humans and ecosystems. Nanoparticles are being studied for their potential use in environmental remediation due to their high surface area and reactivity.
3. The review examines the types and roles of inorganic nanoparticles in removing and degrading pollutants from the environment, though more laboratory and applied research is still
Physico-Chemical Evaluation of Wastewater from Abattoir, Brewery, Soap and Oi...IJERA Editor
The discharge of industrial wastewater in the city of Moundou deteriorates the quality of surface and
underground water and soils. In this study the physicochemical quality of industrial effluents was investigated in
different seasons (summer, winter and rainy). Three sampling sites were used (Central Abattoir discharge,
Cotontchad (soap and oil factory) discharge, and Brewery discharge), for sampling from July 2013 to December
2014. The following physico-chemical parameters were determined: pH, Temperature, EC, dissolved oxygen,
COD, BOD5, NO3,PO4,SO4. Also, the heavy metals: Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb, As, Zn, Cr, Fe, Al, was analyzed on
spectrophotometers and results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits.
This study revealed that most parameters were much higher than the permissible limit for wastewater
discharges:some parameters were to higher: pH (12,6), Temperature (37,8 °C), C.E (4270 µS/cm), organic
matters: COD (1200 mg/l), SO4 (1280 mg/l), PO4(4460 mg/l), NO3 (63,6 mg/l), (Fe (63,34 mg/l), Zn (13,27
mg/l), Pb (4,0 mg/l), Cu (25,34 mg/l), Cd (31,78 mg/l), Cr (5,9 mg/l), Ni (39,5 mg/l. The study concludes that
discharge of effluents by the companies; factory and materials from other anthropogenic sources severely
pollute the Logone River with heavy metals and other pollutants. We recommended that each industry recycle
its wastewater and put in place specific treatment plants, because pollutants to eliminate vary depending on the
industry.
This document discusses waste management in metallurgical plants. It defines different types of waste generated in metallurgical industries like sintering dust, blast furnace dust, steelmaking dust, slag, and ceramic debris. It also discusses classification of wastes according to their effects and origin. Key methods of managing wastes include recovery of metals from wastes, recycling, and proper disposal of solid and liquid wastes. Specific waste streams and management approaches are covered for industries like aluminum production, copper production, zinc production, and foundries.
Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution Using Ion Exchange Resin MBHPE-TKPijsrd.com
The aim of this study is to synthesis of TKP (MBHPE-TKP) resin for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution. Ion exchange resins are polymers that are capable of exchanging particular ions within the polymer with ions in a solution that is passed through them. This ability is also seen in various natural systems such as soils and living cells. The synthetic resins are used primarily for purifying water, but also for various other applications including separating out some elements. Factorial design of experiments is employed to study the effect of above factors pH, time and sorbent used. The new synthesized resins i.e. MBHPE–TKP is hydrophilic and biodegradable, so after effluent treatment used resins can be disposed off without facing any environmental problem .This study focuses on synthesis of new cation exchange resin (MBHPE – TKP) and developing method for treatment of highly contaminated industrial effluents.
REMOVAL OF COPPER AND ZINC USING NEEM AND BABOOL BIOMASS –A REVIEWIRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of neem and babool biomass for removing copper and zinc from wastewater. It discusses how copper and zinc are used industrially and their health effects from excessive intake. Common wastewater treatment methods like precipitation, ion exchange and reverse osmosis are outlined along with their limitations. Adsorption is identified as a promising lower cost method, with various plant-based adsorbents being studied for metal removal efficiency. The document examines several operating parameters that influence adsorption performance, such as pH, contact time and adsorbent dosage.
Macroscopic and modeling evidence for nickel(II) adsorption onto selected man...Dr. Md. Aminul Islam
This document summarizes a study that investigated the adsorption of nickel(II) ions onto various manganese oxides and boehmite. The accumulation of nickel(II) was found to be strongly dependent on pH, initial nickel concentration, and the mineral. Birnessite exhibited maximum uptake of nickel(II) while pyrolusite showed minimum uptake. Adsorption data were modeled using Langmuir, Freundlich, and extended constant capacitance models. The models indicate that nickel(II) forms outer-sphere complexes at low pH and inner-sphere complexes and surface precipitation at higher pH. Proton stoichiometry suggests more than one reaction is involved in the overall nickel(II) adsorption process.
IRJET- Model Analysis for the Treatment of Tannery Wastewater by Electrocoagu...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the use of electrocoagulation to treat wastewater from tanneries. Electrocoagulation uses an electric current to remove contaminants through chemical reactions and precipitation. The study tested aluminum and iron electrodes to treat tannery wastewater and remove biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and chromium. A linear regression model was developed and confirmed the treatment process could achieve over 87% removal rates for each contaminant under optimal conditions of pH 9, voltage of 20 volts, electrode distance of 1cm, and electrolysis time of 90 minutes. The electrocoagulation treatment was found to be an effective and economical alternative to traditional chemical coagulation
ANALYSIS OF HYDROGEOCHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS RELATED TO HEA...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the hydrogeochemical and mineralogical characteristics related to heavy metal attenuation in a stream polluted by acid mine drainage from an underground metal mine. Water and sediment samples were collected from affected and unaffected areas. Chemical analysis showed affected water had low pH, high sulfate concentrations, and high heavy metal levels. Heavy metal concentrations decreased downstream as pH increased. Mineralogical analysis identified iron oxide minerals like schwertmannite and goethite precipitating from acid mine drainage. Sequential extraction showed heavy metals were primarily bound to iron oxide phases farther from the mine, but closer to the mine they were more exchangeable and bound to organic matter. The study concludes acid mine drainage chemistry is controlled by iron mineral transformations and precip
Removal of heavy metal lead (pb) from electrochemical industry waste water us...eSAT Journals
Abstract Electrochemical industries generates a wastewater that has a potential hazard for our environment as it contains various heavy metals such as Lead, Cadmium, Nickel etc. If this wastewater left untreated, will pollute soil and water resources. Out of the above heavy metals, in this project work, only removal of Lead (Pb) from electrochemical industrial wastewater has been investigated by using low cost adsorbent such as charcoal along with coconut shell powder as a natural adsorbent. The project is a bench scale experimental type i.e. Batch mode technique and analyses have performed by using different amounts of adsorbent in solutions with different concentrations of Lead metal. Beside the effect of various amounts of adsorbent used in adsorption efficiency experiments has been investigated. Result indicates that the maximum removal efficiency for Lead is about 94% by using 0.25 gm/L amount of activated coconut shell carbon powder (ACSCP) and charcoal powder (ACP) mixed in equal amount for particular pH and contact time. Keywords: Adsorption, batch mode technique, battery industry waste water, Coconut shell powder, Charcoal carbon powder, Economic, Heavy Metal.
The document discusses dye degradation using spinel photocatalysts synthesized via microwave-assisted solution combustion synthesis. Dye wastewater from textile industries poses various health and environmental hazards. Advanced oxidation processes that utilize photocatalysts have gained attention for dye degradation as they can completely degrade dyes into non-toxic products using solar energy. Spinel ferrites are promising photocatalysts due to their magnetic and electrical properties. The microwave solution combustion method allows for fast, energy-efficient synthesis of spinel ferrites without the need for additional calcination. This method involves mixing metal nitrate oxidizers with fuel and igniting the mixture using microwave irradiation to yield spinel ferrite photocatalysts for dye degradation applications.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Removal of Toxic Metals from Leachate using ...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes an experimental study on using rice husk and fly ash to remove toxic metals from landfill leachate. Leachate from landfills contains large amounts of organic matter and heavy metals that threaten water sources. The study investigated using low-cost rice husk and fly ash as adsorbents for removing chromium, copper, nickel, and other metals from leachate. Results showed that treating rice husk with potassium hydroxide to produce granular activated carbon (GAC) improved adsorption capacity. Testing found GAC most effectively removed metals from leachate, with removal rates of over 80% at pH 6. The study demonstrated that low-cost rice husk and fly ash can effectively
Similar to IRJET- Physical, Chemical, Analysis of Ground Water Around the Eletroplating Industry and Removal of Heavy Metals from Industry Effluent (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.