The document discusses hydrogen fuel cells, including:
1) Hydrogen fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy and can provide clean renewable energy for vehicles and stationary power applications.
2) The main methods for producing hydrogen include steam reforming of natural gas, coal gasification, and electrolysis of water. Hydrogen is then stored using compression, liquefaction, or solid-state storage before being delivered via pipelines or cryogenic tanks.
3) Hydrogen is used as fuel in various fuel cell types, with proton exchange membrane fuel cells being a major candidate for automotive use due to their high efficiency and low weight. However, hydrogen fuel cells still face challenges with costs and durability that need to be addressed
Seminar Report on Heat transfer in metallic hydrideMOHAMED ALI JAHAR
The document is a seminar report on heat and mass transfer in metal hydrides. It discusses metal hydride-based hydrogen storage and the challenges related to heat transfer. The report presents a two-dimensional numerical analysis of the coupled heat and mass transfer processes in a cylindrical metal hydride reactor containing MmNi4.6Al0.4. Performance studies are carried out by varying parameters like hydrogen supply pressure, absorption temperature, and hydride bed thickness.
Presentation: DOE Stetsoon Hydrogen Storage technologieschrisrobschu
Hydrogen Storage Technologies –
A Tutorial
with Perspectives from the US National Program
Ned T. Stetson
U. S. Department of Energy
1000 Independence Ave., SW
Washington, DC 20585
Materials Challenges in Alternative and Renewable Energy
Cocoa Beach, FL
February 22, 2010
• Why do we need better hydrogen storage?
• Physical storage technologies
– Liquid
– Compressed
– Cryo-compressed
• Materials-based storage technologies
– Hydrogen sorbents
– Metal hydrides
– Complex hydrides
– Chemical hydrogen storage
Doe stetson hydrogen_storage_technologies_tutorial
How hydrogen can make india a global energySharon Alex
India has significant potential to become a global leader in hydrogen energy production due to its abundant resources. Hydrogen can be produced from various domestic sources like natural gas, biomass, and increasingly from renewable electricity via electrolysis. It is a clean-burning, high-efficiency fuel that could power vehicles and industries with zero emissions. The Indian government recently announced a green hydrogen mission to boost R&D, create demand, develop industrial applications, and build international partnerships in this area. This could help reduce India's energy import dependence and transition key sectors like steel and transportation to become more sustainable in the long run.
The document discusses hydrogen production and a potential hydrogen economy. It outlines that hydrogen is mainly used today in the Haber process for ammonia production and hydrocracking of petroleum. The hydrogen economy proposes using hydrogen as an energy carrier produced from water using energy rather than being an energy source itself. The main challenges to a hydrogen economy are high costs, developing efficient hydrogen storage methods, and building the necessary infrastructure including production, transportation and distribution. Current hydrogen is mainly produced via natural gas reforming, but other methods discussed are electrolysis, gasification, and biological and photolytic production.
In recent years, a lot of attention has been directed towards metal hydrides. The reason being their ability to store hydrogen. Many attempts have been made to develop metal hydride based heating and cooling systems. The possibility to utilize low temperature heat (waste heat) to drive these systems has great potential, helping to reduce to pollution if implemented. Major applications are seen in air conditioning and heat supply for buildings and in air conditioning of automobiles.
The document discusses Applied Hydrogen's conductive hydrogen storage technology for applications in hydrogen fuel storage, air conditioning, and energy storage. It aims to commercialize a solid-state hydrogen storage material integrated into a porous metal support structure ("Hydripak") that provides faster hydrogen absorption/desorption rates compared to powder-bed hydrides due to better heat conductivity. Key target markets include industrial and vehicular hydrogen storage, merchant hydrogen delivery, renewable energy storage, UPS, and freon-free cooling. Applied Hydrogen plans to demonstrate commercial feasibility and develop marketable products over the next 3 years.
Investigation of Metal and Chemical Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage in Novel Fu...chrisrobschu
DOE Funded Activities
Objectives:
•Use engineering analyses to screen H2 storage systems against DoD targets & requirements (FY15)
•Identify suitable hydrogen storage materials and suitable vehicle demonstration platforms
•Develop a preliminary design of an integrated UUV design with a solid hydrogen storage system
•Complete detailed design of the hydrogen storage system
•Complete integrated system design
ONR/NUWC Funded Activities
Objectives:
•
Design and build a small bench-scale, alane-based, hydrogen storage vessel
•
Perform preliminary testing on the bench-scale, storage system
•
Package and ship bench-scale vessel and alanematerial to the Navy NUWC
•
Provide technical support to Navy NUWC for their further testing and evaluation
Doe amr st134_motyka_2016_p
This document discusses hydrogen storage techniques and carbon-based materials for hydrogen storage. It covers sources of hydrogen production and common hydrogen storage methods like compressed gas tanks and liquid hydrogen. Several carbon materials - graphene, carbon nanotubes, and activated charcoal - show promise for hydrogen storage due to their high surface areas and pore volumes. Graphene and few-layer graphene structures have demonstrated hydrogen uptake of up to 7.5% by weight. The document compares hydrogen storage capacity of different carbon materials and concludes they are advantageous due to cost-effectiveness, stability, storage capabilities, and availability.
Seminar Report on Heat transfer in metallic hydrideMOHAMED ALI JAHAR
The document is a seminar report on heat and mass transfer in metal hydrides. It discusses metal hydride-based hydrogen storage and the challenges related to heat transfer. The report presents a two-dimensional numerical analysis of the coupled heat and mass transfer processes in a cylindrical metal hydride reactor containing MmNi4.6Al0.4. Performance studies are carried out by varying parameters like hydrogen supply pressure, absorption temperature, and hydride bed thickness.
Presentation: DOE Stetsoon Hydrogen Storage technologieschrisrobschu
Hydrogen Storage Technologies –
A Tutorial
with Perspectives from the US National Program
Ned T. Stetson
U. S. Department of Energy
1000 Independence Ave., SW
Washington, DC 20585
Materials Challenges in Alternative and Renewable Energy
Cocoa Beach, FL
February 22, 2010
• Why do we need better hydrogen storage?
• Physical storage technologies
– Liquid
– Compressed
– Cryo-compressed
• Materials-based storage technologies
– Hydrogen sorbents
– Metal hydrides
– Complex hydrides
– Chemical hydrogen storage
Doe stetson hydrogen_storage_technologies_tutorial
How hydrogen can make india a global energySharon Alex
India has significant potential to become a global leader in hydrogen energy production due to its abundant resources. Hydrogen can be produced from various domestic sources like natural gas, biomass, and increasingly from renewable electricity via electrolysis. It is a clean-burning, high-efficiency fuel that could power vehicles and industries with zero emissions. The Indian government recently announced a green hydrogen mission to boost R&D, create demand, develop industrial applications, and build international partnerships in this area. This could help reduce India's energy import dependence and transition key sectors like steel and transportation to become more sustainable in the long run.
The document discusses hydrogen production and a potential hydrogen economy. It outlines that hydrogen is mainly used today in the Haber process for ammonia production and hydrocracking of petroleum. The hydrogen economy proposes using hydrogen as an energy carrier produced from water using energy rather than being an energy source itself. The main challenges to a hydrogen economy are high costs, developing efficient hydrogen storage methods, and building the necessary infrastructure including production, transportation and distribution. Current hydrogen is mainly produced via natural gas reforming, but other methods discussed are electrolysis, gasification, and biological and photolytic production.
In recent years, a lot of attention has been directed towards metal hydrides. The reason being their ability to store hydrogen. Many attempts have been made to develop metal hydride based heating and cooling systems. The possibility to utilize low temperature heat (waste heat) to drive these systems has great potential, helping to reduce to pollution if implemented. Major applications are seen in air conditioning and heat supply for buildings and in air conditioning of automobiles.
The document discusses Applied Hydrogen's conductive hydrogen storage technology for applications in hydrogen fuel storage, air conditioning, and energy storage. It aims to commercialize a solid-state hydrogen storage material integrated into a porous metal support structure ("Hydripak") that provides faster hydrogen absorption/desorption rates compared to powder-bed hydrides due to better heat conductivity. Key target markets include industrial and vehicular hydrogen storage, merchant hydrogen delivery, renewable energy storage, UPS, and freon-free cooling. Applied Hydrogen plans to demonstrate commercial feasibility and develop marketable products over the next 3 years.
Investigation of Metal and Chemical Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage in Novel Fu...chrisrobschu
DOE Funded Activities
Objectives:
•Use engineering analyses to screen H2 storage systems against DoD targets & requirements (FY15)
•Identify suitable hydrogen storage materials and suitable vehicle demonstration platforms
•Develop a preliminary design of an integrated UUV design with a solid hydrogen storage system
•Complete detailed design of the hydrogen storage system
•Complete integrated system design
ONR/NUWC Funded Activities
Objectives:
•
Design and build a small bench-scale, alane-based, hydrogen storage vessel
•
Perform preliminary testing on the bench-scale, storage system
•
Package and ship bench-scale vessel and alanematerial to the Navy NUWC
•
Provide technical support to Navy NUWC for their further testing and evaluation
Doe amr st134_motyka_2016_p
This document discusses hydrogen storage techniques and carbon-based materials for hydrogen storage. It covers sources of hydrogen production and common hydrogen storage methods like compressed gas tanks and liquid hydrogen. Several carbon materials - graphene, carbon nanotubes, and activated charcoal - show promise for hydrogen storage due to their high surface areas and pore volumes. Graphene and few-layer graphene structures have demonstrated hydrogen uptake of up to 7.5% by weight. The document compares hydrogen storage capacity of different carbon materials and concludes they are advantageous due to cost-effectiveness, stability, storage capabilities, and availability.
Future towards renewable hydrogen storage and powered applicationsVijayalakshmi Ganesan
Future renewable hydrogen storage and applications rely on metal hydrides and nanomaterials. Metal hydrides can store hydrogen at low pressures and ambient temperatures, making them suitable for portable consumer products. Nanocrystalline metal hydrides exhibit faster hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics and altered thermodynamic stability compared to bulk materials. Catalysts also help accelerate hydrogen sorption reactions in metal hydrides. Sodium borohydride is a commonly used complex hydride for hydrogen storage but requires a catalyst and produces waste that limits recyclability.
The hydrogen economy has been under rapid growth and development in recent years. Metal hydride based hydrogen storage systems deserve attention as they offer higher storage densities compared to high-pressure gas storage. It is the most compatible and economic method to store hydrogen. In these metal hydride storage devices, low heat transfer has been a key issue. The heat transfer rate can be enhanced by using various techniques.
A two-dimensional numerical analysis of coupled heat and mass transfer processes in a cylindrical metal hydride reactor containing MmNi4·6Al0·4 is presented. Performance studies on MmNi4·6Al0·4 based hydrogen storage device are carried out by varying the hydrogen supply pressure, absorption (cooling fluid) temperature and hydride bed thickness.
Mechanics of metal hydrides for hydrogen storageJordan Suls
This document provides an introduction to a student's final project on metal hydride hydrogen storage systems for portable applications. It discusses the need for efficient hydrogen storage, and outlines three main existing storage methods - compressed gas, liquid hydrogen, and hydrogen storage materials. Metal hydrides are presented as the most promising for portable uses, as they allow high density storage at low pressure and temperature. The document gives an overview of metal hydrides, focusing on their thermodynamic and kinetic properties, and how these influence absorption and desorption rates.
The document discusses the monumental challenge of transitioning to a hydrogen economy from the current fossil fuel economy. It outlines the numerous technological, economic, and social barriers that are impeding this transition, including issues with hydrogen production, storage, distribution, infrastructure, and public acceptance. Overcoming these barriers to make hydrogen a viable and widespread energy alternative will be an enormous undertaking requiring significant advances and coordination across many areas.
This document discusses a feasibility analysis of using liquid organic hydrides (LOH) to transport hydrogen in a chemical bonded form at ambient temperature and pressure for hydrogen delivery. Specifically, it analyzes a system that produces 10 kg/h of hydrogen using methylcyclohexane as the hydrogen carrier, which undergoes catalytic dehydrogenation to produce hydrogen. The analysis found the system has a hydrogen storage capacity of 6.8 wt% and 60 kg/m3, and the energy transported to energy consumed ratio is about 3.9. It also calculates the total carbon footprint reduction of 345 tons/year of CO2 emissions per station by replacing gasoline with hydrogen. The document concludes LOH technology has significant technical and economic potential for hydrogen delivery.
Developments in Hydrogen Production through Microbial Processes ZY8
This document summarizes developments in hydrogen production through microbial processes and discusses Pakistan's prospects for a hydrogen economy. It reviews various biological hydrogen production processes including direct biophotolysis, indirect biophotolysis, photofermentation, and dark fermentation. Direct biophotolysis uses solar energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen using algae and cyanobacteria. Photofermentation and dark fermentation produce hydrogen from organic substrates using photosynthetic or non-photosynthetic bacteria. While biological hydrogen production is promising, challenges include low rates and yields of hydrogen. The document argues that developing renewable hydrogen production could deliver economic and environmental benefits for Pakistan but overcoming challenges would require serious efforts.
Fuel for today’s energy transition and the futureMed Seghair
This document discusses different types of hydrogen production and their classifications. It also discusses the importance and potential of green hydrogen due to climate change goals and increasing renewable energy. Green hydrogen, produced through electrolysis using renewable electricity, is seen as an important storage solution for excess renewable energy and a potential replacement for fossil fuels. The document outlines some historical uses of hydrogen and fuel cells as well as current and potential future applications across sectors like transportation, power generation, and industry.
This document summarizes a study on using biomass gasification to capture CO2 from engine exhaust. Experiments were conducted introducing 0-15% CO2 into a gasifier along with oxygen and nitrogen. Higher CO2 fractions decreased bed temperature but increased CO production from 13.1% to 16.3% due to the endothermic reaction of char and CO2. Over 55% of input CO2 was converted. Cold gas efficiency increased 30% with higher char conversion. Using engine exhaust eliminates the cost of separating and storing CO2, as condensing water and mixing with oxygen is sufficient. The paper addresses using biomass gasification to capture CO2 from engine exhaust via recycling into the gasification process.
Dry Grinding - Carbonated Ultrasound-Assisted Water Leaching of Carbothermall...brianmaks
The document presents a dry grinding and carbonated ultrasound-assisted water leaching (CUAWL) process for recycling spent lithium-ion battery black mass containing anode and cathode materials. The process aims to enhance selective lithium carbonate recovery and reduce energy requirements for crystallization while maximizing recovery of high-value metals like nickel, manganese, and cobalt. Key steps include carbothermic reduction roasting of the black mass, followed by dry grinding and CUAWL. Optimization studies examined factors affecting metal leaching efficiency. The optimized method achieved up to 92.25% selective lithium recovery for a mixture of multiple cathode materials.
This document discusses Brookhaven National Laboratory's research into aluminum hydride for hydrogen storage. Aluminum hydride can store hydrogen at a density 2000 times greater than gaseous hydrogen, making it well suited for use in fuel cells. BNL has developed methods to control the rate of hydrogen release from aluminum hydride through heating or doping. The technology shows promise for portable electronics and vehicles. BNL has patents covering the material composition and regeneration process. They seek partners in the hydrogen and fuel cell industries to commercialize the technology.
The document discusses several methods for producing hydrogen including steam reforming, electrolysis, and harnessing hydrogen-producing bacteria. Steam reforming, the most widely used method, involves reacting methane with steam to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Electrolysis uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen but is currently inefficient. Research is being done to genetically modify bacteria to produce hydrogen by feeding them sugars which could be a promising future method. In conclusion, while the technology to produce hydrogen exists, an eco-friendly and practical solution is still many years away.
Emission Characteristics and Performance of Catalytic Converter A Reviewijtsrd
In recent years, several strategies such as fuel treatment, engine modification, EGR and catalytic converter have been introduced to control emissions from vehicles. Catalytic converter equipment is efficient and commonly used. Catalytic converters reduce emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter from internal combustion engines and allow more strict pollution standards to be met. In this study paper different methods and strategies to increase efficiency of catalytic converter is discussed. The efficiency of the catalytic converter is updated according to literature survey improvements in design, shape and content. The hexagonal monolith shape was found to have better mechanical efficiency than the square shape. Catalytic converters based on nickel have cut HC by 40 percent and CO by 35 percent. Nobel metals are toxic and costly, so we can use non noble metals such as Cu, Ag, Au, Fe, etc. Ashish Kumar Soni "Emission Characteristics and Performance of Catalytic Converter: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38176.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/38176/emission-characteristics-and-performance-of-catalytic-converter-a-review/ashish-kumar-soni
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF HYDROGEN FUELED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINEijsrd.com
In the history of internal combustion engine development, hydrogen has been considered at several phases as a substitute of hydrocarbon-based fuels. Starting from the 70’s, there have been several attempts to convert engines for hydrogen operation. Together with the development in gas injector technology it has become possible to control precisely the injection of hydrogen for safe operation. Here we are using stainless steel plate as electrode in the electrolytic cell, the electrolyte being water and NACL salt. The electrolytic cell we used is a 12V battery case made of plastic. The cross sectional layers are cut such that the stainless steel plate fix in the battery case. The plates are separated by very small distance and the plates are given parallel holes for electron flow to be uniform. The power source to the kit is provided by a 12V and 9Ams battery. We used a transparent tube to supply the hydrogen produced in the kit to the air hose tube of our motor cycle. In order to keep the battery charged we used two 6 Amp diode to power the battery while running. There is a separate switch to power the kit and to protect the battery from getting drained. The stainless steel plates are of 50cm length, 25cm height, 2 millimeter thickness. The battery case can hold up to 5 liters of electrolyte. The use of hydrogen with petrol to power the vehicle has resulted in increase in vehicle mileage, accelerating speed with most important task of reduction in exhaust emission.
Tobi Fadiran's hydrogen energy Virtual Abstract (Independent Research)guesta70415
The document discusses the potential for hydrogen energy as an alternative to fossil fuels. It outlines the various components involved, from production through delivery, storage, conversion and end use. While promising, hydrogen energy technologies are still in development and lag behind other renewable options like solar and wind. The document argues researchers should focus on improving biophotolysis for production, carbon adsorption/physisorption for storage, and fuel cells for conversion to help hydrogen energy contribute to the global energy supply in the future.
This thesis focuses on the catalytic production of diesel from biomass, emphasizing the conversion of waste vegetable oils and fats. Two established methods are transesterification/esterification of oils and fats with methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), and hydrodeoxygenation of oils and fats to produce straight-chain alkanes. Other potential routes include upgrading and deoxygenation of pyrolysis oils or sludge, aqueous reforming of sugars, and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of alkanes from gasified biomass. The thesis tests various acidic catalysts for esterification in a model fat mixture and develops a sulphonated pyrolysed sucrose catalyst. Organic bases
The document discusses liquid hydrogen (LH2) storage. LH2 must be cooled below -252.87°C to exist as a liquid and is used for hydrogen storage. It consists mainly of parahydrogen and can be used as fuel in vehicles. LH2 storage requires cryogenic tanks with insulation to prevent boil off. Current onboard hydrogen storage approaches include compressed gas tanks, liquid hydrogen tanks, and materials-based approaches like metal hydrides and sorbents. The document also discusses liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) which allow hydrogen to be stored by bonding it to a liquid organic compound and transported using existing diesel infrastructure.
This document summarizes research on hydrogen production in Mexico. The most active area of research is biological processes, representing 40% of published papers, focusing on topics like bioreactors. The next most active area is catalysis and modified hydrogen processes from conventional sources, representing 22% of papers. Research on photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis focuses on developing efficient, stable, and inexpensive photocatalytic materials. Theoretical studies concentrate on optimizing reactor design and evaluating efficiencies. Electrolysis research proposes novel alloys and electrocatalysts. The review aims to assess scientific activity and advances in hydrogen production in Mexico.
CCUS in the USA: Activity, Prospects, and Academic Research - plenary presentation given by Alissa Park at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Introduction:
Hydrogen technologies have come to light as a possible answer to the problems associated with climate change and the switch to clean energy in the pursuit of a sustainable future. The most common element in the universe, hydrogen, has the power to transform a number of sectors and act as a clean energy source. The main features of hydrogen technologies, their uses, and their part in creating a more sustainable world are all examined in this article.
Understanding Hydrogen:
One can obtain hydrogen, a versatile element, by a variety of techniques, including electrolysis, steam methane reforming, and biomass gasification. The ability of hydrogen to produce energy when it interacts with oxygen, producing heat and water as byproducts, is what makes it so alluring. Numerous applications involving hydrogen are centered around this process, which is called fuel cell technology.
This document provides an overview of hydrogen powered vehicles, including their types and benefits as well as challenges. It discusses how hydrogen can be used as an alternative fuel source for vehicles, produced through various methods like methane steam reforming and from coal. The key challenges of hydrogen storage are also outlined, such as liquid hydrogen, metal hydrides, compressed hydrogen gas. The working of hydrogen fuel cells is explained, noting they generate electricity through an electrochemical process without combustion. Advantages are zero emissions and high efficiency, while disadvantages include high production and storage costs.
Future towards renewable hydrogen storage and powered applicationsVijayalakshmi Ganesan
Future renewable hydrogen storage and applications rely on metal hydrides and nanomaterials. Metal hydrides can store hydrogen at low pressures and ambient temperatures, making them suitable for portable consumer products. Nanocrystalline metal hydrides exhibit faster hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics and altered thermodynamic stability compared to bulk materials. Catalysts also help accelerate hydrogen sorption reactions in metal hydrides. Sodium borohydride is a commonly used complex hydride for hydrogen storage but requires a catalyst and produces waste that limits recyclability.
The hydrogen economy has been under rapid growth and development in recent years. Metal hydride based hydrogen storage systems deserve attention as they offer higher storage densities compared to high-pressure gas storage. It is the most compatible and economic method to store hydrogen. In these metal hydride storage devices, low heat transfer has been a key issue. The heat transfer rate can be enhanced by using various techniques.
A two-dimensional numerical analysis of coupled heat and mass transfer processes in a cylindrical metal hydride reactor containing MmNi4·6Al0·4 is presented. Performance studies on MmNi4·6Al0·4 based hydrogen storage device are carried out by varying the hydrogen supply pressure, absorption (cooling fluid) temperature and hydride bed thickness.
Mechanics of metal hydrides for hydrogen storageJordan Suls
This document provides an introduction to a student's final project on metal hydride hydrogen storage systems for portable applications. It discusses the need for efficient hydrogen storage, and outlines three main existing storage methods - compressed gas, liquid hydrogen, and hydrogen storage materials. Metal hydrides are presented as the most promising for portable uses, as they allow high density storage at low pressure and temperature. The document gives an overview of metal hydrides, focusing on their thermodynamic and kinetic properties, and how these influence absorption and desorption rates.
The document discusses the monumental challenge of transitioning to a hydrogen economy from the current fossil fuel economy. It outlines the numerous technological, economic, and social barriers that are impeding this transition, including issues with hydrogen production, storage, distribution, infrastructure, and public acceptance. Overcoming these barriers to make hydrogen a viable and widespread energy alternative will be an enormous undertaking requiring significant advances and coordination across many areas.
This document discusses a feasibility analysis of using liquid organic hydrides (LOH) to transport hydrogen in a chemical bonded form at ambient temperature and pressure for hydrogen delivery. Specifically, it analyzes a system that produces 10 kg/h of hydrogen using methylcyclohexane as the hydrogen carrier, which undergoes catalytic dehydrogenation to produce hydrogen. The analysis found the system has a hydrogen storage capacity of 6.8 wt% and 60 kg/m3, and the energy transported to energy consumed ratio is about 3.9. It also calculates the total carbon footprint reduction of 345 tons/year of CO2 emissions per station by replacing gasoline with hydrogen. The document concludes LOH technology has significant technical and economic potential for hydrogen delivery.
Developments in Hydrogen Production through Microbial Processes ZY8
This document summarizes developments in hydrogen production through microbial processes and discusses Pakistan's prospects for a hydrogen economy. It reviews various biological hydrogen production processes including direct biophotolysis, indirect biophotolysis, photofermentation, and dark fermentation. Direct biophotolysis uses solar energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen using algae and cyanobacteria. Photofermentation and dark fermentation produce hydrogen from organic substrates using photosynthetic or non-photosynthetic bacteria. While biological hydrogen production is promising, challenges include low rates and yields of hydrogen. The document argues that developing renewable hydrogen production could deliver economic and environmental benefits for Pakistan but overcoming challenges would require serious efforts.
Fuel for today’s energy transition and the futureMed Seghair
This document discusses different types of hydrogen production and their classifications. It also discusses the importance and potential of green hydrogen due to climate change goals and increasing renewable energy. Green hydrogen, produced through electrolysis using renewable electricity, is seen as an important storage solution for excess renewable energy and a potential replacement for fossil fuels. The document outlines some historical uses of hydrogen and fuel cells as well as current and potential future applications across sectors like transportation, power generation, and industry.
This document summarizes a study on using biomass gasification to capture CO2 from engine exhaust. Experiments were conducted introducing 0-15% CO2 into a gasifier along with oxygen and nitrogen. Higher CO2 fractions decreased bed temperature but increased CO production from 13.1% to 16.3% due to the endothermic reaction of char and CO2. Over 55% of input CO2 was converted. Cold gas efficiency increased 30% with higher char conversion. Using engine exhaust eliminates the cost of separating and storing CO2, as condensing water and mixing with oxygen is sufficient. The paper addresses using biomass gasification to capture CO2 from engine exhaust via recycling into the gasification process.
Dry Grinding - Carbonated Ultrasound-Assisted Water Leaching of Carbothermall...brianmaks
The document presents a dry grinding and carbonated ultrasound-assisted water leaching (CUAWL) process for recycling spent lithium-ion battery black mass containing anode and cathode materials. The process aims to enhance selective lithium carbonate recovery and reduce energy requirements for crystallization while maximizing recovery of high-value metals like nickel, manganese, and cobalt. Key steps include carbothermic reduction roasting of the black mass, followed by dry grinding and CUAWL. Optimization studies examined factors affecting metal leaching efficiency. The optimized method achieved up to 92.25% selective lithium recovery for a mixture of multiple cathode materials.
This document discusses Brookhaven National Laboratory's research into aluminum hydride for hydrogen storage. Aluminum hydride can store hydrogen at a density 2000 times greater than gaseous hydrogen, making it well suited for use in fuel cells. BNL has developed methods to control the rate of hydrogen release from aluminum hydride through heating or doping. The technology shows promise for portable electronics and vehicles. BNL has patents covering the material composition and regeneration process. They seek partners in the hydrogen and fuel cell industries to commercialize the technology.
The document discusses several methods for producing hydrogen including steam reforming, electrolysis, and harnessing hydrogen-producing bacteria. Steam reforming, the most widely used method, involves reacting methane with steam to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Electrolysis uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen but is currently inefficient. Research is being done to genetically modify bacteria to produce hydrogen by feeding them sugars which could be a promising future method. In conclusion, while the technology to produce hydrogen exists, an eco-friendly and practical solution is still many years away.
Emission Characteristics and Performance of Catalytic Converter A Reviewijtsrd
In recent years, several strategies such as fuel treatment, engine modification, EGR and catalytic converter have been introduced to control emissions from vehicles. Catalytic converter equipment is efficient and commonly used. Catalytic converters reduce emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter from internal combustion engines and allow more strict pollution standards to be met. In this study paper different methods and strategies to increase efficiency of catalytic converter is discussed. The efficiency of the catalytic converter is updated according to literature survey improvements in design, shape and content. The hexagonal monolith shape was found to have better mechanical efficiency than the square shape. Catalytic converters based on nickel have cut HC by 40 percent and CO by 35 percent. Nobel metals are toxic and costly, so we can use non noble metals such as Cu, Ag, Au, Fe, etc. Ashish Kumar Soni "Emission Characteristics and Performance of Catalytic Converter: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38176.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/38176/emission-characteristics-and-performance-of-catalytic-converter-a-review/ashish-kumar-soni
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF HYDROGEN FUELED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINEijsrd.com
In the history of internal combustion engine development, hydrogen has been considered at several phases as a substitute of hydrocarbon-based fuels. Starting from the 70’s, there have been several attempts to convert engines for hydrogen operation. Together with the development in gas injector technology it has become possible to control precisely the injection of hydrogen for safe operation. Here we are using stainless steel plate as electrode in the electrolytic cell, the electrolyte being water and NACL salt. The electrolytic cell we used is a 12V battery case made of plastic. The cross sectional layers are cut such that the stainless steel plate fix in the battery case. The plates are separated by very small distance and the plates are given parallel holes for electron flow to be uniform. The power source to the kit is provided by a 12V and 9Ams battery. We used a transparent tube to supply the hydrogen produced in the kit to the air hose tube of our motor cycle. In order to keep the battery charged we used two 6 Amp diode to power the battery while running. There is a separate switch to power the kit and to protect the battery from getting drained. The stainless steel plates are of 50cm length, 25cm height, 2 millimeter thickness. The battery case can hold up to 5 liters of electrolyte. The use of hydrogen with petrol to power the vehicle has resulted in increase in vehicle mileage, accelerating speed with most important task of reduction in exhaust emission.
Tobi Fadiran's hydrogen energy Virtual Abstract (Independent Research)guesta70415
The document discusses the potential for hydrogen energy as an alternative to fossil fuels. It outlines the various components involved, from production through delivery, storage, conversion and end use. While promising, hydrogen energy technologies are still in development and lag behind other renewable options like solar and wind. The document argues researchers should focus on improving biophotolysis for production, carbon adsorption/physisorption for storage, and fuel cells for conversion to help hydrogen energy contribute to the global energy supply in the future.
This thesis focuses on the catalytic production of diesel from biomass, emphasizing the conversion of waste vegetable oils and fats. Two established methods are transesterification/esterification of oils and fats with methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), and hydrodeoxygenation of oils and fats to produce straight-chain alkanes. Other potential routes include upgrading and deoxygenation of pyrolysis oils or sludge, aqueous reforming of sugars, and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of alkanes from gasified biomass. The thesis tests various acidic catalysts for esterification in a model fat mixture and develops a sulphonated pyrolysed sucrose catalyst. Organic bases
The document discusses liquid hydrogen (LH2) storage. LH2 must be cooled below -252.87°C to exist as a liquid and is used for hydrogen storage. It consists mainly of parahydrogen and can be used as fuel in vehicles. LH2 storage requires cryogenic tanks with insulation to prevent boil off. Current onboard hydrogen storage approaches include compressed gas tanks, liquid hydrogen tanks, and materials-based approaches like metal hydrides and sorbents. The document also discusses liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) which allow hydrogen to be stored by bonding it to a liquid organic compound and transported using existing diesel infrastructure.
This document summarizes research on hydrogen production in Mexico. The most active area of research is biological processes, representing 40% of published papers, focusing on topics like bioreactors. The next most active area is catalysis and modified hydrogen processes from conventional sources, representing 22% of papers. Research on photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis focuses on developing efficient, stable, and inexpensive photocatalytic materials. Theoretical studies concentrate on optimizing reactor design and evaluating efficiencies. Electrolysis research proposes novel alloys and electrocatalysts. The review aims to assess scientific activity and advances in hydrogen production in Mexico.
CCUS in the USA: Activity, Prospects, and Academic Research - plenary presentation given by Alissa Park at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Introduction:
Hydrogen technologies have come to light as a possible answer to the problems associated with climate change and the switch to clean energy in the pursuit of a sustainable future. The most common element in the universe, hydrogen, has the power to transform a number of sectors and act as a clean energy source. The main features of hydrogen technologies, their uses, and their part in creating a more sustainable world are all examined in this article.
Understanding Hydrogen:
One can obtain hydrogen, a versatile element, by a variety of techniques, including electrolysis, steam methane reforming, and biomass gasification. The ability of hydrogen to produce energy when it interacts with oxygen, producing heat and water as byproducts, is what makes it so alluring. Numerous applications involving hydrogen are centered around this process, which is called fuel cell technology.
This document provides an overview of hydrogen powered vehicles, including their types and benefits as well as challenges. It discusses how hydrogen can be used as an alternative fuel source for vehicles, produced through various methods like methane steam reforming and from coal. The key challenges of hydrogen storage are also outlined, such as liquid hydrogen, metal hydrides, compressed hydrogen gas. The working of hydrogen fuel cells is explained, noting they generate electricity through an electrochemical process without combustion. Advantages are zero emissions and high efficiency, while disadvantages include high production and storage costs.
Introduction of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Generator in Textile IndustriesIRJET Journal
This document discusses introducing hydrogen fuel cell generators in textile industries to provide cleaner energy. It begins with an introduction to hydrogen fuel cells and their benefits over traditional energy sources. It then discusses the aims and objectives of using hydrogen fuel cells in textile industries, which are to produce cleaner energy and reduce power consumption for heating. The document provides an overview of how hydrogen fuel cells work to generate electricity from hydrogen and oxygen. It explains that hydrogen fuel cell generators can be used as an alternative to diesel generators to power the electricity and heating needs of textile industries in a more sustainable way. In conclusion, the document states that hydrogen fuel cells allow textile industries to use the waste heat produced for drying processes, reducing additional electricity usage for heating
The document discusses the potential for economically viable green hydrogen production at a hydroelectric power plant in Slovenia. It provides an overview of current hydrogen prices and production costs, and analyzes the feasibility of installing a power-to-gas system at the case study hydro power plant to produce green hydrogen. The document also examines the competitiveness of hydrogen in heating and transport sectors compared to other fuels under current market conditions.
TOP 10 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION COST OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES
Hydrogen production cost analysis is crucial for understanding the economic viability of hydrogen as an energy source. But do you know what are those Cost Optimization techniques, how to identify, which phase to implement?
Green hydrogen production refers to the process of producing hydrogen gas using renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, or hydropower. Hydrogen is a versatile and clean energy carrier that can be used in various sectors, including transportation, industry, and power generation. The "green" in green hydrogen signifies its environmentally friendly nature, as it is produced without emitting carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases.
Green hydrogen has the potential to contribute significantly to India's decarbonization efforts. It can be produced through the electrolysis of water using renewable electricity (green hydrogen). Green hydrogen production in India is projected to reach 5 MMT per year by 2030, displacing 125 GW of renewable energy capacity. This would result in investment of Rs. 8 lakh crore and creation of over 6 lakh jobs while avoiding 50 MMT of CO2 emissions annually by 2030. The National Green Hydrogen Mission aims to support green hydrogen production and consumption through targets, incentives and initiatives to establish India as a global green hydrogen hub.
Green hydrogen is a form of hydrogen gas that is created by the electrolysis process utilizing renewable energy sources like sun, wind, or hydropower. Using electricity, this process divides water (H2O) into its component parts, hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2). Green hydrogen is created without emitting carbon dioxide, in contrast to gray or blue hydrogen, which is produced from fossil fuels or natural gas.
Read More - https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/industry-practice/hydrogen/green-hydrogen
It is a brief PPT on the hydrogen fuel cell and it's benefits.the fuel cell has proven to be the better technology ever seen.
It is the field that is yet to be discovered more
So there is a high chance of growth in this technology
Green Hydrogen Energy Fuel for the Future in Indiaijtsrd
Hydrogen has an important potential role in a net zero economy as it has no carbon emissions at the point of use. Hydrogen fuels are versatile, capable of being produced and used in many ways, including production from renewable sources and applications to decarbonize challenging areas, such as heavy transport, industry, and heat, as well as the storage and transport of energy. It is already widely used in industry and agriculture, but their current production carries a high greenhouse gas footprint. Significant greenhouse gas emission reductions could be achieved through decarbonization of production for both existing and new applications. However, it currently faces challenges that require technological advances, including in their generation, storage, and use, particularly the costs involved in achieving net zero life cycle emissions. Further research, development, demonstration, and deployment are required to identify the areas where hydrogen can make a critical difference in practice. Dr. Arvind Kumar | Prabhash Kumar "Green Hydrogen - Energy Fuel for the Future in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52815.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/52815/green-hydrogen--energy-fuel-for-the-future-in-india/dr-arvind-kumar
In the quest for sustainable and clean energy solutions, hydrogen has emerged as a promising candidate, offering a myriad of possibilities to reshape the global energy landscape. Hydrogen, the most abundant element in the universe, holds the potential to revolutionize the way we produce, store, and consume energy. This article explores the advancements in hydrogen energy technology and its role in fostering a more sustainable and greener future.
Green Hydrogen: Powering The Future | Green EnergyHarish Dhokne
Green hydrogen produced from renewable sources like water electrolysis holds promise as a sustainable fuel alternative. It can be used across industries for transportation, energy storage, and power generation. The document outlines different hydrogen production methods like electrolysis and steam methane reforming. Green hydrogen is seen as vital for a cleaner future as it can power vehicles, industries and more while emitting only water vapor.
The world is facing a pressing need to find sustainable energy solutions, and one promising tool in the fight to cut carbon emissions and switch to cleaner energy sources is hydrogen technology. Being a flexible and plentiful element, hydrogen has the power to completely transform a range of industries, including transportation and manufacturing. This essay will examine the condition of hydrogen technology solutions today and how they can help us move toward a more sustainable future.
This document discusses hydrogen as an alternative fuel. It outlines several methods for producing hydrogen including natural gas reforming, electrolysis, gasification, and fermentation. It also describes how hydrogen fuel cells work and their advantages as being more efficient than internal combustion engines. However, challenges with hydrogen storage and the costs of extraction are discussed as disadvantages. The document concludes that while hydrogen is a promising alternative fuel, further research is still needed to make its implementation more sustainable and reliable.
BDB is a Best Customer Feedback Research Companies in India.pdfBDBIPL
BDB India Private Limited is a leading global business strategy consulting and market research company in India. Since 1989, BDB has been providing clients with solutions to expand their businesses in the Indian and international marketplace. We are an ISO certified company. BDB India is the leading global business strategy consulting and market research firm for automotive industry. BDB is a Best Customer Feedback Research Companies in India.
Green Hydrogen Market worth $7,314 million by 2027 growing at a CAGR of 61.0%. The mobility industry accounted for a share of 58% in terms of value in the Green Hydrogen Market in 2022 and is projected to reach USD 4,550 million by 2027 at a CAGR of 63.4%. The power sector is projected to witness the second-highest CAGR of 63.0%, growing from USD 88.5 million in 2022 to USD 1018 million by 2027.
HYDROGEN GENERATION FROM WASTE WATER BY USING SOLAR ENERGY | J4RV3I11004Journal For Research
Objective of this paper is to produce hydrogen which is an ideal fuel for the next generation because it is abundantly available in nature, energy efficient and clean. Wide varieties of technologies are available to produce hydrogen but only few of them are considered environmental friendly. Solar water splitting via photo catalytic reaction is one of them which have attracted tremendous attention. In this paper we are working on hydrogen production via solar splitting. Photo catalytic water splitting is one of the promising technologies to produce pure and clean hydrogen. Since it is reasonable having low process cost and has a small reactor, it can be made for house hold application and hence has a huge market potential. Generation of hydrogen under visible irradiation is the main area of work. Based on the literature reported here, visible irradiation can be achieved by doping of TiO2 with metal or non-metal. We have used Fe doping to increase the efficiency. The result indicates that Fe doped sieves produce more hydrogen than the normal TiO2 coated sieve and the efficiency can be increased if we increase the number of doped sieves and surface area.
This document is a seminar report on green hydrogen fuel cell technology submitted for a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering. It provides an introduction to green hydrogen production through water electrolysis using renewable energy sources like solar. It describes the working of fuel cells and their major components. The different types of fuel cells are also discussed along with the advantages and applications of green hydrogen fuel cell technology, such as in transportation. However, there are also challenges like high costs and lack of infrastructure that need to be addressed for its widespread adoption.
Electricity Production By Waste MaterialsIRJET Journal
This document discusses electricity production from waste materials via biomass gasification. The process involves converting biomass waste into a combustible gas in a gasifier, and then using the gas to power a generator set. The gasifier thermo-chemically converts solid biomass fuels into a clean syngas. This syngas can then be used for cooking or generating electricity by feeding it into a diesel generator set. The system has advantages such as reducing pollution and recycling waste materials while producing electricity in a renewable way. However, biomass gasification also faces challenges related to capital costs and fuel flexibility.
This document summarizes several methods for mitigating carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, including pre-combustion and post-combustion carbon capture techniques using amine solvents. It also discusses using dendritic fibrous nanosilica functionalized with amines as solid sorbents for CO2 capture. Additionally, the document examines using photocatalytic processes to convert CO2 and water into hydrocarbon fuels using sunlight. Finally, it proposes directly capturing airborne CO2 and converting it to methanol using a homogeneous catalyst system with pentaethylenehexamine.
Al AlawiApplications of hydrogen in industryHydrogen’s use in .docxsimonlbentley59018
Al Alawi
Applications of hydrogen in industry
Hydrogen’s use in industry can be divided into two main categories: (1) as a reactant in hydrogenation reactions and chemical processes, (2) as fuel and energy carrier. As a reactant, hydrogen is used to produce compounds with lower molecular weight, saturate compounds and crack heavy hydrocarbons into lighter hydrocarbons. In majority of these applications hydrogenation takes place to insert hydrogen atoms and saturate molecule or to cleave a molecule and remove heterogeneous atoms such as sulfur and nitrogen. Among the major uses of hydrogen in chemical industries, ammonia production accounts for almost 50%, petroleum processing accounts for 37%, and methanol production accounts for 8% [1-3].
In petroleum industry, hydrogen is used to react with hydrocarbons in hydroprocessing and hydrocracking processes. In hydroprocessing, hydrogen is used to hydro-genate sulfur and nitrogen compounds (for example from crude oil) and release them as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3). In hydrocracking process, heavy hydrocarbons are cracked into lighter hydrocarbons to produce refined fuels with smaller molecules and higher H/C ratios [3].
Hydrogen is also used for production of methanol. Methanol is a feedstock for manufacturing of other chemicals and materials such as formaldehyde, plastics, plywood, paints, and textiles. In methanol production plants, hydrogen and carbon monoxide are reacted over a catalyst at a high pressure and temperature.
Other application of hydrogen in chemical and petrochemical industries include production of butyraldehyde from propylene, production of acetic acid from syngas, production of butanediol and tetrahydrofuran from maleic anhydride, production of hexamethylene diamine from adiponitrile, and production of cyclohexane from benzene.
In food industry, large amount of hydrogen is used for processing of vegetable oil and decreasing the degree of unsaturation. In this process, an increase in melting point and enhanced resistance to oxidation occur that enables preservation for a longer period of time [3, 6].
Aerospace industry is the primary consumer of fuel hydrogen. A mixture of liquid hydrogen and oxygen has been found to release the highest amount of energy per unit weight of propellant [6]. However, the cost of hydrogen liquefaction, and difficulties associated with safely store and handling it in liquid form have kept liquid hydrogen away from other fuel applications such as in automobiles [3].
Fuel hydrogen is also used in fuel cells to power electrical systems. In a fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen from air are combined and produce electricity and water.
Production of hydrogen
Industrial processes for production of hydrogen can be divided into thermal such as hydrocarbons reforming, renewable liquid and bio-oil processing, biomass, and coal gasification; electrolytic such as water splitting; photolytic such as splitting of water by sunlight through biological a.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.