This document discusses different types of hydrogen production and their classifications. It also discusses the importance and potential of green hydrogen due to climate change goals and increasing renewable energy. Green hydrogen, produced through electrolysis using renewable electricity, is seen as an important storage solution for excess renewable energy and a potential replacement for fossil fuels. The document outlines some historical uses of hydrogen and fuel cells as well as current and potential future applications across sectors like transportation, power generation, and industry.

1. Fuel for today’s energy transition and the future
HYDROGEN
Med Seghair (Finland)

2. Classification of Hydrogen
Grey Bleu Green
Fossil Fuel CbM N. Gas Renewable
No . (CCS) Yes

3. Summary
This act writes into law the
goal set out in the European
Green Deal – for Europe’s
economy and society to
become climate-neutral by
2050. This means achieving
net zero emissions for EU
countries as a whole,
mainly by cutting emissions,
investing in green technologies
and protecting the natural
environment.
The act will ensure that all EU
policies contribute to this goal
and that all sectors of the
economy and society play
their part.

4. GREY: High CO2 emission
BLUE: Depend on the process used in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
GREEN: The Blue Hydrogen using CCS, or any Hydrogen produced by RE Source
How Grey and Blue Hydrogen are produced?
Over than 90% of Hydrogen is made from fossil energy using steam methane reforming
(SMR) of natural gas. main sources for the commercial production of hydrogen: natural gas,
oil, coal, and electrolysis; which account for 48%, 30%, 18% and 4%
How Green Hydrogen is produced?
The Pure Green Hydrogen can be produce by Electrolyses using clean electricity from RE,
but also from the Blue Hydrogen if using CCS.
Why Green Hydrogen become important?
Because of the European climate law – achieving climate neutrality by 2050, and as a result
of huge growth in RE source, the electricity grid must sometimes limit the off-take of RE, in
order to keep the frequency under control some RE are wasted or (curtailed), also because
running some Power Plant on Low Load create more emission, and shutting down some
base load will create risk in limiting the spinning reserves in the Grid system. Hence the use
of Green hydrogen for storage of RE by electrolysis technique is become a credible
potential solution due to the Zero emission
Just as Note: The hydrogen is in fact colourless gas, but depending on the process of production vis-à-vis of emission will define
the color, Hydrogen is not an Energy but could be used for energy Storage.
Sustainable paths to Green Hydrogen

5. Why Hydrogen can Replace Fossil Fuel?
If Hydrogen will be used for transition period, the question is what other clean fuel
could be used after transition period than Green Hydrogen? The Blue Hydrogen has
problem with CCS, same problem facing today the fossil fuel, The market will accept
the mix of Blue hydrogen produced as grey and mixing it with Green hydrogen for
the transition period only, by 2030, probably the Green Hydrogen will be already on
the level of 50% while Grey Hydrogen will be reducing drastically by 10% a year and
by 2045 (UK law), there shall be ONLY green hydrogen dominating the Clean Fuel
market, this is basically in line with the idea of fossil fuel will not last for ever, and
the world need a sustainable energy market in which clean Fuel can play a significant
role.
Is Green Hydrogen expensive?
Most market analyst are lost in this debate, the question is what will be the cost for
emitted ton of CO2? . The Answer is not black and white, with Today CO2 fee, yes,
Green Hydrogen is more expensive than fossil fuel, but the latest IPP tariffs from
solar PV, and OffShore wind, combined with high grid restriction and upcoming
increase in CO2 fee of 5% above inflation point per year, will make Green Hydrogen
much cheaper in long round. In fact the more RE is build the more we will see
positive impact on green Hydrogen.
Sustainable paths to Green Hydrogen

6. Fossil Fuel
CCS
Green Hydrogen
Pyrolysis
Power Plant Transport Industry Fuel Cell
Sustainable paths to Green Hydrogen

7. Most of Hydrogen is produced from fossil fuel , mainly natural gas with steam to form
syngas (a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide). The syngas is separated to give
hydrogen. Hydrogen is a versatile energy carrier that can be used to power nearly every
end-use energy need. The fuel cell — an energy conversion device that can efficiently
capture and use the power of hydrogen, Many scientists consider that the Hydrogen gas is
the clean fuel of the future – generated from water and returning to water when it is
oxidised.
Due to the abundant of renewable energy (RE) sources, and negative tariffs as well as high
curtailment in wind energy. Hydrogen-powered fuel cells are increasingly being seen as
<Emission-free> sources of energy.
The idea is very simple, Use excess of Green electricity to produce Hydrogen by electrolyse
and use the produced hydrogen to produce energy when needed (Power Blancing).
Applications : Hydrogen also has many other uses, Power Generation Plants, Transports,
Metallurgical and steel industry , Petrochemical and refining industry , Glass and float glass
manufacturing , Chemical and pharmaceutical industry , Food industry , Electronics
industry , Technical gases, In the chemical industry it is used to make ammonia, fertiliser,
methanol, plastics, De-SOx, margarine, filling balloons and airships.
100% efficient electrolyser requires 40 kWh of electricity to produce 1 kg of hydrogen.
Sustainable paths to Green Hydrogen

8. https://www.hisour.com/

9. BMW
2002 – BMW 750hl
2007 – Hydrogen 7 is powered by a
DF/ ICE -Liquid Hydrogen
2007 – BMW H2R speed record car –
ICE-Liquid Hydrogen
BMW H2-7)
Note! Remember when we talk about electric car, we don’t necessary means emission
free car. If the car is powered by grid supply, this mean the power may came from
polluting power plant, but if car using Green hydrogen with electrolyses mean in deed a
emission free car
1800 - Innovator of the Combustion Engine: François Isaac de Rivaz began designing an
internal hydrogen-powered combustion engine in the early 1800s, which he constructed
in 1807—the de Rivaz engine.
1874 – Jules Verne – The Mysterious Island, "water will one day be used as fuel, that
hydrogen and oxygen of which it is constituted will be used"
History of Hydrogen

10. Other Hydrogen Car Company
Hydrogen -converted Nissan Frontier and Shelby Cobra & Hydrogen converted Hummer
MINI Hatch/Cooper "Clean Energy" is a running experimental concept car with a df eng.
Mahindra & Mahindra a hydrogen internal combustion engine auto rickshaw
Ford, Zetec 2.0L (concept vehicles that used the P2000 designation.)
2006 – F-250 Super Chief a "Tri-Flex" engine concept pickup
2006 – Ford E-450 H2ICE Shuttle Bus a 12-passenger shuttle bus with a supercharged
V10 fuelled by compressed hydrogen
Mazda
1991 – Mazda HR-X, 1993 – Mazda HR-X2, 1993 – Mazda MX-5 Miata
1995 – Mazda Capella Cargo, 2003 – Mazda RX-8 Hydrogen RE hydrogen-gasoline hybrid
Rotary, 2005 – Mazda Premacy Hydrogen RE Hybrid, 2007 – Mazda Hydrogen RE Plug in
Hybrid
Aston Martin
Aston Martin, together with Alset GmbH, constructed the Aston Martin Hybrid
Hydrogen Rapid S, a DF gasoline and hydrogen powered car used during 24H
Nurburgring 2013
Revolve, 2010 – Transit H2ICE
Chevrolet, 2010 Silverado
Ronn Motor, 2008 – Scorpion
History of Hydrogen

11. Hydrogen for Heavy Transport

12. SteamMethaneReforming(SMR)

13. StandardElectrolysis(H2Production) Power In

14. ProducedElectricitybyFuelcellwithH2input

15. HOW FUEL CELL WORK?
https://www.ft.com/content/ccbdd868-5499-11ea-90ad-25e377c0ee1f

16. RWE and Innogy investigate production of green hydrogen
Decentralized Green Hydrogen Production

17. Hydrogen production from solar water splitting via photo-catalysis, photo-
electrochemical, and photo-voltaic-photo-electrochemical solutions
Natural Hydrogen Production

18. Natural Hydrogen Production

19. N. AFRICA
S.AFRICA
ITALY GREECE
UK GERMANY
AFRICA
SPAIN
BENELUX
DESERTEC OPTION NORTH-SOUTH

20. INTERNATIONAL HYDROGEN:
The last IPP in Qatar tariff stand on 1.4 USc/kWh, Which mean that North Africa
Solar PV projects will stand on the same level or even lower because of larger scale
capacity
Combined with high voltage line (1100 kV). HV line Connecting
N. Africa to Spain, From Spain can be connect to UK (1100 kV)
N. Africa to Italy, Italy can be connected to Germany via Austria (400 KV)
N. Africa to Greece (400 KV)
Because of the huge available of territory in N. Africa, power can be deliver to both
Europe Africa via a HV, passing the rest of Africa to reach South Africa
The excess electricity can be send to electrolyses build in Europe and used to
produce hydrogen (green) , optionally excess of power can be build in North Africa
and hydrogen will be pipelined to Europe via existing infrastructure
For the success of the system Hydrogen storage need to be also build or use the
upcoming gas network as Hydrogen pipeline
DESERTEC OPTION NORTH-SOUTH

21. Conclusion:
Sooner or later, Energy users has to find a replacement to the fossil fuel, The Upcoming
new Energy source must have 4 ingredients to succeed and be acceptable by all main
player in Energy Sector
1- Sustainable and abundant
2- Zero Emission
3- Safer to use
4- Can use existing infrastructures
Green Hydrogen is probably one of best and preferred Fuel to be used as Energy
Storage and conversion to meet all the 4 requirements.